地震方法探测太行山山前断裂的活动特征(英文)

太行山山前断裂位于太行山脉与华北平原过渡地带,是华北及我国东部地区一条重要的构造带,有关该断裂带的活动性有以下观点:1)它属深大断裂带;2)它是活动断裂带和地震构造带;3)它不是地震构造带。。为研究和评价该断裂的活动性,利用最近获得的地震资料和钻探联合剖面研究了太行山山前断裂的深部构造背景和第四系以来的活动特征。钻探验证以及研究结果与表明:太行山山前断裂不是岩石圈深大断裂,该断裂在第四系仅错断了中更新世QP2早期,中更新世QP2晚期和晚更新世地层没有发生错断。由此得出,太行山山前断裂不是活动断裂,也不是岩石圈深大断裂。该研究结果为跨越太行山山前断裂的城市进行规划和建设提供了重要的地质和地球物理资料,对于首都圈地震危险性评价也具有十分重要的意义。     

青藏高原北缘基底结构的有限差分研究

拜城-大柴旦综合地球物理剖面横跨了塔里木盆地、阿尔金追山带和柴达木盆地.沿剖面进行了10次各2吨级TNT炸药的人工地震探测工作.本文利用沿剖面的Pg震相,使用有限差分方法对塔里木盆地、阿尔金造山带和柴迭木盆地的基底顶界面埋深及盖层的速度结构进行了反演,结果表明,不同的地质构造单元具有不同的基底结构形态与速度分布特点.塔里木盆地的基底及盖层速度分布相对平稳,表现出整体变形特征,但在库车与轮台之间,盆地的基底埋深及速度分布发生了明显的变化,深度差约2 km,速度差高达0.5 km/s.这种明显的、系统的速度差异,加之其它地质学与深部地球物理学证据表明,塔里木盆地的基底可能由构造特点不同的东西两个部分构成;阿尔金造山带的基底埋深与盖层速度分布变化较大,与造山带的强烈构造变形相联系1;在阿尔金造山带与塔里木盆地和柴达木盆地的接触部位基底及盖层介质均表现为高速异常,可能与深部高密度物质沿断裂向地壳内部迁移有关;柴达木盆地的基底与盖层呈"U"形分布,表现出强烈的内部变形特征.     

近年新疆地震围绕塔里木盆地的顺时针迁移与塔里木盆地的顺时针旋转

塔里木盆地是我国最大的内陆盆地,作为稳定地块,被周围许多深大断裂所围限.王琪等(2000)基于天山及塔里木地区多年的GPS观测结果,认为塔里木盆地整体上作为刚性块体,相对于稳定的西伯利亚地块作顺时针旋转,其内部变形较小或基本不变形.赵俊猛等(2008)应用人工地震和天然地震等综合地球物理探测方法,获得青藏高原壳幔组成、...     

黄骅坳陷前新生代残留盆地结构与基底性质研究

利用综合地球物理方法研究前新生代残留盆地结构是当前深层油气勘探亟待解决的问题之一.本文基于高精度重力、航磁、地震等综合地球物理资料,通过位场正演剥离和正则化滤波技术对黄骅坳陷前新生代残留盆地结构展开研究,构建黄骅坳陷宏观的盆地立体格架,分析前新生代残留地层的展布及残留厚度特征,探讨盆地基底的三分性问题.研究表明,黄骅坳陷宏观上呈现垂向分层、东西分带、南北分区的盆地结构特征;前新生代残留盆地总体为NNE-NE向展布,但沉积中心与残留地层厚度明显不同于新生代沉积特点,在歧口新生界巨厚区残留厚度较小;盆地基底表现出三分性特征,区内"T"型交叉的两组隐伏深断裂可能为燕辽基底、鲁西基底和太行基底的拼接线;前新生代盆地结构、残留厚度与基底三分性特征均表现出受深部断裂构造的影响和控制.     

淮河流域中强震活动区的地震构造背景

介绍了沿淮河干流展布的淮河构造变形带的断裂构造特征，分析了该构造变形带内中强地震与断层构造的关系，并结合淮河流域地球物理场资料的分析，提出了中强地震发生的地震地质标志。     

华北莫霍面构造形态-深地震测深数据的三维反演

给出了利用反射波走时重建地壳三维界面的方法 ,并处理了华北地区人工地震测深测线网中的PmP走时资料 ,获得了研究区莫霍界面的三维构造形态 ,确定了壳内深断裂的展布。结果表明 ,研究区莫霍界面埋深整体上由东南向西北加深 ,并在这一背景之上呈现波浪起伏 ,断陷盆地对应上地幔的隆起 ;区内存在数条延伸至莫霍面的地壳深断裂 ,其中大致沿北东走向展布的地壳厚度陡变带和沿北西西向的地壳厚度变异带是区内两条主要的深部构造带。将研究结果与本区中、强地震空间分布特征相结合 ,揭示了地震活动的深部构造背景     

贺兰山和银川盆地的岩石圈结构和断裂特征——深地震反射剖面结果

位于南北构造带北段的贺兰山和银川盆地是华北克拉通西部的一个板内构造变形带和活动构造带,有着复杂的形成和演化历史,对该区复杂的地质构造和现代地震活动有着重要的控制作用.2014年初,跨银川盆地和贺兰山完成的长度135km的深地震反射剖面揭示了该区的岩石圈层结构和断裂的深浅构造特征.研究结果表明,沿剖面莫霍面埋深自东向西逐渐加深,地壳厚度40~48km,且不同构造部位的地壳反射结构图像、速度分布、壳内界面形态和莫霍面起伏存在着明显差异.深地震反射剖面揭示,贺兰山两侧有着不同的断裂构造特征,在贺兰山东侧,黄河断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂以及银川盆地内的多条隐伏断裂均为第四纪以来仍在活动的正断层,控制了银川盆地的新生代沉积,在剖面上呈"负花状"构造展布;在贺兰山西侧,巴彦浩特断裂和贺兰山西麓断裂在剖面上表现为东倾的逆冲断层,使得贺兰山隆起区的中生代地层发生褶皱、冲断和结构变形;地壳深断裂位于银川盆地的西侧,该断裂倾角陡直,向下错断中-下地壳和莫霍面,向上可能与两组上地壳断裂相联系;这套不同时期形成的走滑、逆冲和正断并存的深浅断裂系统是该区盆山耦合、地壳结构变形和壳幔结构变化的构造条件.深地震反射剖面揭示的另外一个重要现象是,在贺兰山和银川盆地之下还存在有一组强能量的上地幔反射波组(UMR),其界面深度约为82~92km,暗示该区上地幔中存在有速度跃变层或速度间断面,反映了该区上地幔结构的纵向不均匀性.探测结果为进一步分析研究华北克拉通西部复杂的深部结构、不同地块的结构差异和深浅构造关系等提供了地震学证据.     

塔里木盆地西部航磁数据变换处理与基底断裂分析

通过对塔里木盆地西部1:20万航磁数据的变换处理,结合地震等资料综合分析,研究了塔里木盆地西部的基底断裂分布,揭示了断裂分布特征:(1)盆地西北部断裂主要为NEE走向,并与NW向断裂组合形成"矩形"结构的断裂分布区带,反映了盆地北缘向天山俯冲而形成的挤压作用;(2)盆地中部巴楚及巴楚以东断裂分布区由NW及NWW向断裂形成"Y"字形断裂组合,并广泛发育二叠纪火山岩;(3)盆地西南缘发育有NW和NWW向断裂,是青藏高原西北缘与塔里木盆地间俯冲碰撞的产物.     

黄骅坳陷横向构造转换带与基底三分结构的重磁证据

黄骅坳陷盆地结构及构造单元展布受深断裂及盆地基底的控制与影响,利用重磁异常可以较大范围地揭示出控制盆地构造格局的深断裂及基底结构特征.本文综合考虑研究区盆地基底的宏观磁性差异以及存在的剩磁影响,采用对磁化方向依赖性小的磁异常模量数据,研究了黄骅盆地区域横向构造转换带的展布与磁性基底结构.识别出五条NW向与优势构造走向高角度相交的区域横向构造转换带和两条呈“T” 型展布的隐伏深断裂;研究区基底具有三分性结构特征,隐伏深断裂可能为三分基底的拼合线;基底结构差异及区域横向构造转换带共同控制了黄骅盆地“南北分区,东西分带”的宏观构造格局及沉积构造单元的展布.     

新疆准噶尔北缘覆盖区深部地质结构及其地质意义——来自综合地球物理探测的证据

本文利用准噶尔北缘覆盖区的高精度地面重磁数据开展三维约束反演,揭示出准噶尔盆地北缘浅覆盖区内三维密度结构具有横向非均匀性,纵向有向深部延伸的趋势;深部广泛分布石炭纪、泥盆纪火山岩地层等高磁性体,零散分布热液蚀变导致的热退磁的火山岩;北西向分布的低密度低磁性物质,对应无磁性的断裂破碎带.结合多尺度边缘检测方法推断得到研究区隐伏断裂体系以及火山岩地层的空间展布.对贯穿研究区的综合地球物理探测剖面进行人机交互联合反演,结果显示控制扎河坝蛇绿岩带分布的南北界深大断裂在深部构成开口向下的对称扇形构造样式,说明此蛇绿岩带所代表的古洋盆具有双向俯冲的特征;结合区域地质资料,以及岩石地球化学研究成果,认为剖面穿过的3个酸性岩体均为形成于晚石炭世后造山拉张构造环境的A型花岗岩,可能是准噶尔东北缘造山作用结束的标志.最后结合大量地质、地球化学和地球物理资料,对准噶尔东北缘区域构造演化进行了讨论,认为扎河坝—阿尔曼太古洋盆于中奥陶世开始汇聚,古洋盆向南北两侧双向俯冲,在晚志留纪-早泥盆纪洋盆闭合.     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

琼中地震台重力仪记录同震响应特征分析

2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。