不同年龄泥蚶同工酶电泳的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对同一种群不同年龄的泥蚶过氧化物酶、酯酶、淀粉酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、醇脱氢酶、苹果酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶等8种同工酶进行了分析比较。结果表明，不同年龄泥蚶的过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶在酶谱带上有一定差异。淀粉酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、醇脱氢酶、苹果酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶在酶活性上有一定的差异。     

不同种群泥蚶的5种同工酶研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对韩国自然种群、广西自然种群、乐清自然种群、山东自然种群和乐清养殖种群泥蚶的苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、苹果酸酶(ME)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等5种同工酶进行分析比较。结果表明,不同种群泥蚶的ME同工酶无差异;ADH和SOD同工酶除韩国自然种群泥蚶外,其它4个种群泥蚶无差异;MDH同工酶除乐清自然种群和养殖种群泥蚶外,其它3个种群泥蚶均有差异;CAT同工酶在广西自然种群泥蚶中没有表达,在韩国自然种群泥蚶与山东自然种群、乐清自然种群和乐清养殖种群泥蚶中有一定差异。     

官井洋野生与养殖大黄鱼同工酶的研究

应用矣丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）法对取自福建宁德官井洋海区养殖群体和野生种群各20尾大黄鱼的9种同工酶15个基因座位于检测分析，结果表明，大黄鱼眼球中浮酸脱氢酶（LDH）酶谱表现为LDH的经典模式即有5种谱型LDH，在氙检测出的15个基因座位中，野生种群样品的编码苹果酸怪酶(sMDH)，苹果酸酶（ME）和琥珀酸脱氢酶（IDDH－1）的3个基因座位具有多态性，养殖群体中仅发现1个基因座位具有多态性（IDDH－1）所检测的野生种群比养殖群体的遗传变异水平高，但从总体上平高，但从总体上来说，官井洋大黄鱼遗传多样性相对较低，表明该种群已出现了种质退化现象，因此，进行科学的遗传管理对保护和恢复大黄鱼资源是相当必要的。     

斑节对虾两个种群生化遗传变异的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶垂直板电泳的方法,对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon Fabricius )2个种群的苹果酸酶(ME),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH),乳酸脱氢酶(IDH),磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM),碱性磷酸酶(ALP),酸性磷酸酶(AcP),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酯酶(EST)等9种同工酶做了对比分析。结果表明,在2个种群的9种同工酶系统的18个位点中,三亚种群(中国)有9个为多态位点,占位点总数的50．0％;纳颉岛种群(泰国)有10个是多态位点,占态位点总数的55．6％。其中PGN-3位点在三亚种群中只出现纯合型,在纳颉岛种群中只出现杂合型;而MDH-1和ALP-3位点在三亚种群中只出现杂合型,在纳颉岛种群中只出现纯合型。三亚种群和纳颉岛种群的平均杂合度分别是0．3596和0．3254,两者的遗传距离为0．0620。     

澥浦大弹涂鱼群体生化遗传分析

于2004年4月,在浙江省宁波市镇海区澥浦滩涂采集野生大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)30尾,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)电泳方法,分析了乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、D-葡糖脱氢酶(GCDH)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和酯酶(EST)等10种酶在大弹涂鱼肝脏组织中的表达,并对同工酶表型进行了生化遗传分析。实验结果表明,大弹涂鱼10种同工酶中除CAT外的另9种酶都得到了清晰的酶谱。该9种酶共记录了23个基因座位,筛选出LDH-1,FDH-1,G6PDH-1,ME-1,SOD-1,EST-1,EST-2,EST-3等8个多态基因座位。澥浦大弹涂鱼多态座位比例(P)为34.78%,平均杂合度(H)为0.0594,与其他海水鱼类相比,遗传多样性水平相对较低。     

黄、东海精致真刺水蚤种群遗传结构研究

采用等位酶技术分析了黄海中南部、东海陆架区3个站住的精致真剌水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)的苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)和山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)3个酶4个多态住点。生化遗传结构和遗传分化分析表明，3个站住样品的MDH基因型差异明显，不同站住间精致真刺水蚤平均遗传距离(D）为0．0768，平均遗传相似性（I)为0.9259。黄海南部(E3站住)和东海陆架区(E7站位)的精致真刺水蚤之间的D为0.0791；黄海中部(E2站位)与南部(E3站位)之间的D为0.067l。由此推论栖息于黄海和东海的精致真刺水蚤种群之间存在一定程度的遗传分化。     

大弹涂鱼不同组织器官的同工酶研究

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺平板电泳技术,对大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)的眼睛、心脏、肝脏、肌肉、脾脏和鳃等6种组织器官中的13种同工酶进行研究,并分析了其酶谱表型。结果表明,四唑氧化酶(TO)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)没有检测到酶带;三梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)仅在肝脏中表达;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在所有组织中均存在,部分组织中存在差异;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(MEP)、酯酶(EST)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、D-葡萄糖脱氢酶(GcDH)、甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)则具有明显的组织特异性。     

无裂栉江珧种内同工酶表型差异的比较研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳对 4种不同类型无裂栉江珧Atrinapectinata的肾脏、后闭壳肌和鳃组织进行了酯酶 (EST)、过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)、苹果酸酶 (ME) 5种同工酶的比较研究。结果表明这 4种类型的酶谱表达有差异 ,特别是肾组织的EST ,后闭壳肌的EST、SOD和鳃组织的SOD、MDH的酶谱表型差异明显 ,其特征谱带可作为区别无裂栉江珧种内差异的一种分子标记。     

象山港蓝点马鲛8种同工酶特征分析

为探究蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)的生化遗传特征,采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了6尾象山港蓝点马鲛个体(3雄,3雌)的9种组织(心脏、鳃、肠、肌肉、胃、肝、眼、肾和性腺)中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、葡萄糖脱氢酶(GDH)、葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酯酶(EST)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)和苹果酸酶(MEP)等8种同工酶的表达模式。结果表明,同工酶呈现出组织特异性,LDH、MDH和G6PDH在9种组织中均有表达,GDH在肝脏和眼中弱表达;在各种组织中,肝脏中同工酶表达最广泛,8种同工酶均有表达,其中EST的酶条带比较丰富,GDH和G6PDH在肝脏中活性较高。各种同工酶表达谱在雌雄个体组织间无差别。研究结果可为象山港蓝点马鲛的种质鉴定提供一定的理论依据。     

日本鬼鲉不同组织的8 种同工酶谱

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺平板电泳技术,对象山港野生日本鬼鲉(Inimicus japonicus)的9种组织器官的8种同工酶进行研究,并分析了其酶谱表型。结果表明,琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinatedehydrogenase,简称SuDH)在所有组织中均存在,组织间差异较小;乳酸脱氢酶(Lactic dehydrogenase,简称LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶((Malate dehydrogenase,简称MDH)、苹果酸酶(Malic enzyme,简称ME)、酯酶(Esterase,简称EST)、醇脱氢酶(Alcoholdehydrogenase,简称ADH)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,简称POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,简称SOD)则具有明显的组织特异性,且这些酶在表型、分布和活性上均表现出高度的组织特异性。     

中国鱼类名录Ⅻ--鳚亚目、(鱼衔)亚目、喉盘鱼亚目、鰕虎鱼亚目、微体鱼亚目、刺尾鱼亚目、带鱼亚目、鲭亚目、鲳亚目、金枪鱼亚目、攀鲈亚目、刺鳅亚目

鳚亚目 4 科 33 属 95 种，鰕虎鱼亚目 5 科 98 属 259 种，刺尾鱼亚目 5 科 11 属 65 种，鲈形目 19亚目 104 科 535 属 1799 种。     

The distribution of Mn,Fe, Cu,Ni, Co,Ga, Cr,V, Ba,Sr, Sn,Zn, and Pb,in some soil-sized particulates from the lower troposphere over the world ocean

Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction.     

Distribution, abundance, and growth of larval tautog, Tautoga onitis, in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA

Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day^?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l^?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters.     

Arsenic,barium, germanium,tin, dimethylsulfide and nutrient biogeochemistry in Charlotte Harbor,Florida, a phosphorus-enriched estuary

Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO₃, PO₄, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO₃ and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The $\text{Ge}\text{Si}$ ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10^?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River.     

Large amplitude, leaky, island-generated, internal waves around Palau, Micronesia

Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth.     

4-溴苯甲酸-2,3,4,5,6-五溴苯酯的合成(英文)

以苯酚和4—溴苯甲酸为原料,合成一种尚未见文献记载的新化合物——4—溴苯甲酸—2,3,4,5,6—五溴苯酯,用无水三氯化铝催化苯酚的全溴化。此产物可望在阻燃剂方面得到应用。     

Cadmium,cobalt, copper,iron, lead,nickel and zinc in Indian Ocean water

Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration.