基于地基观测的成都彭州气溶胶光学特性研究

利用2017年成都市彭州地区CE318型太阳分光光度计的观测数据,反演了该地区的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)、Angstr?m指数(α)和大气浑浊度(β),分析了AOD与α、β以及可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀、PM_(2. 5))之间的关系。结果表明:AOD表现出冬季>春季>夏季>秋季的季节变化特征,高值主要出现在冬、春季,低值主要出现在夏、秋季。Angstr?m指数在全年的波动不大,月平均值为1. 22±0. 19,低值出现在春季,高值出现在夏季。除了冬季,在其他季节观察到和Angstr?m指数具有相同的月变化趋势。AOD与β之间具有较强的相关性,但与PM₁₀、PM_(2. 5)的正相关关系表现偏弱。该地区气溶胶光学特性受北方沙尘的影响并不明显,但受到人类活动的影响显著,该地区主控态气溶胶是以细粒子为主的城市—工业型气溶胶类型。     

西安地区气溶胶光学特性研究

利用2008年5月-2009年4月和2010年4月-2011年3月两年的太阳光度计CE318数据,分析了西安地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和波长指数(α)的时间变化特征.结果表明,受局地污染和地形影响,泾河站的AOD全年较高,两个时段的年平均值分别为0.69±0.40和0.67±0.39,AOD和α的最大值都发生在夏季;受沙尘天气影响,气溶胶波长指数春季最小,AOD秋季最小.CE318和MODISAOD的对比结果表明,两者有较好的相关性,符合MODIS设计精度的数据占55.0％～73.3％.2008-2010年MODIS AOD平均值的空间分布表明,陕西境内存在3个AOD高值区,分别位于关中盆地、汉中市区和安康市区,局地污染和地形影响是造成AOD高值区的主要原因.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠与撒哈拉沙漠沙尘气溶胶光学特性对比研究

基于2007—2021年CALIPSO和MODIS主、被动卫星遥感探测数据,对塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠的气溶胶光学特性时空分布特征进行探究及对比分析。结果表明：（1）两大沙漠的沙尘气溶胶对总气溶胶的贡献率最大,气溶胶类型季节变化的相对单一性反映了塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠地区存在沙漠沙尘排放对总气溶胶成分的显著影响;（2）塔克拉玛干沙漠气溶胶光学厚度AOD的峰值出现在春季（春季>夏季>秋季>冬季）,而撒哈拉沙漠AOD的峰值出现在夏季（夏季>春季>秋季>冬季）;（3）撒哈拉沙漠总气溶胶抬升高度与塔克拉玛干沙漠相近,但近地面层消光系数明显小于塔克拉玛干沙漠;塔克拉玛干沙漠的消光系数平均值在所有季节中均大于撒哈拉沙漠,故塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘气溶胶AOD比撒哈拉沙漠的大;相比沙漠沙尘气溶胶,塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠都无明显的污染沙尘和抬升烟活动。上述研究结果揭示了两大沙漠源区沙尘气溶胶光学特性的观测事实与利用大气气溶胶时空变化特征反映区域气候变化的可能性。     

基于MODIS资料内蒙古气溶胶光学厚度反演分析

文章利用国家卫星气象中心引进的以暗像元特性为基础的气溶胶光学厚度反演软件,对内蒙古地区2009年12月至2010年12月的EOS/MODIS气象卫星资料进行反演,计算0.55μm气溶胶光学厚度,并提取119个气象台站气溶胶光学厚度值按盟市进行月平均、年平均值统计分析,寻找气溶胶光学厚度的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明:(1)内蒙古地区气溶胶光学厚度存在非常明显的空间分布特征,最高值区主要集中在中部和西部地区,东部的大部地区基本没有最高值出现。(2)内蒙古地区气溶胶光学厚度存在明显的时间变化规律。从1月份逐渐增加,到6月和7月份达到全年最大值,再逐渐降低趋势;春季和夏季最大,而秋季和冬季最小,夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。     

黄土高原干旱半干旱地区气溶胶光学厚度遥感分析

利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站2006年8月-2008年10月太阳光度计(CE-318)观测资料和同期卫星MODIS(Terra和Aqua)产品资料,分析了该站气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)日变化、月变化和Angstrom波长指数(α指数)月变化特征,发现春季AOD日变幅最大,存在双峰现象,秋、冬季较小;9月AOD最小,4月和12月AOD较大;α指数在4月最小,7月最大.采用太阳光度计反演的550 nm AOD与Terra-MODIS和Aqua-MODIS AOD产品相比较,Terra-MODIS与太阳光度计AOD相关系数为0.69,大于Aqua-MODIS的0.62.并从地表反照率假设、气溶胶模型选择和云影响等方面分析了产生对比偏差的原因,进一步分析了黄土高原干旱半干旱地区AOD的分布和季节变化特征.结果表明:气溶胶光学厚度呈西低东高的分布特征;AOD高值中心与大城市有较好对应;黄土高原干旱半干旱地区AOD在春季最大,夏季有所减小,秋季最小,但冬季升高;Aqua-MODIS中深蓝算法对西北荒漠地区亮地表AOD的反演效果较好.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠地区气溶胶光学厚度卫星遥感产品验证

基于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区地基太阳光度计数据,系统验证2007～2008年星载多角度成像光谱仪(MISR)、中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)和臭氧监测仪(OMI)气溶胶反演产品,旨在定量评估这些产品在我国沙漠地区的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演精度。结果表明:MODIS/AOD的相关系数在4种产品中最高(0.91),OMI/AOD次之(0.87),其次为MISR/AOD(0.84),OMI/UVAI相关系数偏低(0.51)。MISR/AOD均方根误差(0.14)和平均偏差(-0.06)在4种反演产品中最低。与地基观测相比,MISR/AOD、MODIS/AOD系统偏低,OMI/AOD、OMI/UVAI系统偏高。在相同比较条件下(地基观测气溶胶光学厚度值限定在2.0以内),MISR的均方根误差和平均偏差在4种反演产品中最低,且相关系数也较高(0.84)。尽管存在诸多不同,但3种探测器气溶胶反演产品均能较好地展示该地区的气溶胶季节变化。塔克拉玛干沙漠春、夏季AOD较大,秋、冬季AOD相对较小。ngstrm波长指数的结果表明,春季(3～5月)最小(均值为0.11),夏季(6～8月)次之,秋季(9～11月)和冬季(12月至次年2月)较大(均值达到0.61),这表明在春、夏季气溶胶粒子偏大,秋、冬季气溶胶粒子偏小。此外,通过研究2000～2010年AOD年际变化表明,由于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区属于沙尘源区,气溶胶类型较为单一,所以总体来说,变化趋势不是较为明显。从反演结果来看,2003年的气溶胶含量为此10年中最高,年均值达到0.32;2005年的气溶胶含量在这10年中最低,年均值为0.28。     

中国西南地区气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征

采用MODIS卫星遥感产品研究西南地区气溶胶季节变化,并对成都和香格里拉两站2008年的太阳光度计观测资料进行分析。结果表明西南地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD Aerosol Optical Depth)全年呈西低东高的地理分布特征,但东西部季节变化特征不同:西南地区东部AOD有春季最大,秋冬次之,夏季最小的演变特征,并且在四川盆地,黔、渝、湘交界和广西中部有三个明显的AOD高值区。西南地区西部AOD有春季最大,夏秋次之,冬季最小的演变特征,无明显高值区。太阳光度计资料分析表明,成都地区AOD日变化呈准双峰型,香格里拉AOD日变化呈上升趋势。     

华东三市能见度、气溶胶和太阳辐射变化特征

利用南京、杭州和合肥3个台站1961-2001年能见度和水汽压资料,反演3个城市0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),并据此分析了这3个城市的能见度和气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征;利用太阳辐射资料分析太阳辐射变化特征,并与气溶胶光学厚度变化特征作对比.结果表明,在1961-2001年间,这3个城市的能见度呈现明显下降的趋势,南京和杭州下降最快,合肥下降较慢,并且具有明显的季节性差异,夏季最大,冬季最小.气溶胶光学厚度则呈现上升趋势,增加最快的是南京,最慢的是合肥.按季节划分来看,春夏较高,秋冬较低.1990年之前,这3个地区的总辐射和直接辐射都呈现明显的下降趋势,散射辐射的变化趋势不显著,而1990年后,南京与合肥的总辐射略有回升.辐射季节总量按由多到少依次是夏季、春季、秋季和冬季.气溶胶光学厚度与直接辐射间有较好的负相关性.     

华东地区气溶胶分布和变化特征研究

利用中分辨率光谱仪(MODIS)获得的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比例(FMF)和臭氧检测仪(OMI)获得的气溶胶指数(AI)统计分析了2005—2014年我国华东地区气溶胶光学性质的时空分布特征,同时利用潜在源分析(PSCF)模型对我国华东地区AOD和AI的潜在源区进行分析。研究结果表明:华东地区的AOD、FMF和AI时空分布存在较大的差异,2005—2014年AOD和AI的平均值高值主要分布在华东地区北部,FMF的高值区则分布在华东南部地区;10 a间华东地区AOD呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,FMF波动幅度不明显,AI值有所上升;整个华东地区AOD的季节变化较为明显,春夏两季AOD明显高于秋冬两季。华东北部和中部地区夏季由于较高的相对湿度,AOD最大可达0.8以上。而在华东南部地区,夏季受到降水的影响,AOD维持在0.2~0.4之间。FMF季节变化趋势与AOD不同,夏季最大达到0.58,春季最小仅为0.26。AI平均值在冬季最大高达0.63,夏季最小,为0.27。PSCF分析显示华东地区AOD主要源区以局地排放为主,同时也存在由河南、湖北和湖南等周边省市近距离输送影响;AI以局地和北方远距离输送为主,同时也受到河南、湖北等周边省市近距离输送的影响。     

基于MODIS数据的郑州市气溶胶时空变化特征分析

利用NASA发布的MODIS/Terra中Collection6数据集的MOD04_3K气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品,进行波段提取、重投影、剪裁等预处理,得到郑州市气溶胶光学厚度资料,对此进行统计分析,研究郑州市气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化特征。结果表明:1)2001-2016年郑州市AOD年均值整体以每年0.0033的速率增加,最大峰值出现在2011年(1.01),以2011年为界,2001-2011年呈显著增长趋势,2012-2016年呈显著下降趋势。AOD季节均值夏季的最大,春季的次之,冬季的最小。2)2001-2016年郑州市AOD夏季均值波动较大,春季均值与年均值趋势基本一致,AOD年均值和季均值与对应时间尺度的降水量有负相关关系。工业产值占GDP比重与AOD年均值呈正相关关系。3)2001-2016年郑州市AOD年均值空间分布呈现北高南低、东高西低的特征,高值区主要分布在新郑市、中牟县、郑州市区、荥阳市及巩义市的西北部。春、夏和秋季的AOD均值空间分布形态基本与年均值的分布一致,冬季的高值区集中在郑州市东南部(新郑市)。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.