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基于GIS和遥感技术的生态系统服务价值评估研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生态系统能否得到科学、高效、健康的管理,关系到整个人类生活环境的长期稳定发展。随着人们对生态系统管理的过程研究和探讨的加深,其中生态系统服务价值评估已经成为了生态系统管理中的重点。本文主要探讨了基于GIS和遥感技术的生态系统服务价值评估研究在生态系统中的应用,通过以甘肃省草地生态系统为分析案例,建立相关评估系统模型,找到基于GIS和遥感技术的生态系统服务价值评估中更好的应用。 相似文献
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生态系统服务价值在土地利用变化影响下的响应已被广泛关注。基于第三次全国国土调查数据,结合已有研究,收集区域粮食产量、价格等数据计算得到云岩区生态系统服务价值当量,评估了该区域生态系统服务价值并分析其空间分布特征,结果表明:云岩区生态系统服务总价值为107.89×106元,其中调节服务占比较高,林地和水域是主要的生态系统服务提供地类,二者价值占比89.80%,应加强二者的保育和管护;云岩区生态系统服务高低值呈聚集性片状分布,黔灵山公园以北是典型的高值区,低值主要集中于已建成的城镇区域,城市与生态共建融合发展是云岩区未来可持续发展的重要路径。 相似文献
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经济的快速发展破坏了生态环境和生态系统的服务功能,如何准确评估生态环境和生态系统服务功能质量对于环境保护、经济的可持续发展以及政策制定等具有重要意义。传统评估方法需要消耗巨大人力、物力和财力,难以实时客观的评估,而遥感监测技术在生态环境监测应用中不断发展,为人们对生态环境及其生态系统的监测和评估提供了更加有效的手段。本文首先描述了生态系统服务功能概念的提出及发展,随后介绍了遥感技术的特点,着重阐述了遥感技术在当前我国生态系统服务功能评估中的应用及作用,最后,总结了遥感技术在我国当前服务功能评估中的问题和以后的发展方向。 相似文献
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近年来,在灾害应急的舞台上,一种新的数据来源——自发地理信息(VGI)由于其在海地地震、台风海燕等巨灾中的优异表现逐渐为人们所重视。结合我国实际情况,本文选取了新浪微博上的台风达维的相关数据,从微博的数量和内容分析两个方面初步探讨了VGI在台风灾情评估中的作用,证明了采用VGI数据分析台风灾情具有充分的可行性。 相似文献
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针对生态系统服务价值动态评估模型的优化问题,该文利用层次分析法对水域生态系统的当量因子进行分级评估。以植被净初级生产力(NPP)、降水量和土壤保持时空调节因子修正当量因子表,并引入生态支付意愿系数构建生态系统服务价值动态评估模型,定量分析了1990—2020年长株潭城市群生态系统服务价值动态变化特征。结果显示,长株潭城市群生态系统服务价值呈现出明显的增加趋势;从空间上看,各县级行政区生态系统服务价值均有所增加,变化量大体上呈现出由中心区向四周增加的趋势。1990—2020年长株潭城市群生态支付意愿的增加和水环境质量的改善对生态系统服务价值产生了较大的影响。 相似文献
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中国国家级自然保护地体系生态系统服务价值评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国的自然保护地体系丰富,生态系统服务价值较高,对其评估具有重要的理论和实践意义.以中国国家级自然保护地为研究对象,参考Costanza等人的生态服务价值当量表,对自然保护地的生态系统价值进行整体的估算和评价.研究表明:1)中国国家级自然保护地生态系统服务经济价值约134.12千亿元,就保护地生态系统而言,自然保护区提... 相似文献
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为了解决在地震应急阶段快速得到地震危害分布和损毁评估结果的问题,采用组件式GIS开发平台Su-perMap Object6开发了临汾市地震灾情评估系统。该系统为地震模拟提供了一个可视化平台,通过该平台可以快速对灾情进行评估,为临汾市的抗震减灾提供了决策分析的依据。研究表明,将GIS技术引入地震灾情评估中,便于地震数据的输入、查询、管理和分析,对地震灾害分析和灾害损失评估有重要意义。 相似文献
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《国土资源遥感》2015,(4)
基于风云3号(FY-3)卫星中分辨率成像光谱仪(medium resolution spectral imager,MERSI)数据的归一化差异水体指数(normalized difference water index,NDWI)和基于蓝光波段的归一化差异水体指数(normalized difference water index based on blue light,NDWI-B),通过直方图分析获取了水体指数判识阈值,并对新疆北疆沿天山一带2009—2011年发生的融雪性洪水灾害天气进行了监测。对比基于环境1号卫星CCD数据的监测结果表明:利用FY-3/MERSI的250 m空间分辨率数据可实现对新疆融雪性洪水灾害的监测,其中利用FY-3/MERSI NDWI-BFY数据的判识效果最好。 相似文献
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Dynamic flood disaster simulation is an emerging and promising technology significantly useful in urban planning, risk assessment, and integrated decision support systems. It is still an important issue to integrate the large assets such as dynamic observational data, numerical flood simulation models, geographic information technologies, and computing resources into a unified framework. For the intended end user, it is also a holistic solution to create computer interpretable representations and gain insightful understanding of the dynamic disaster processes, the complex impacts, and interactions of disaster factors. In particular, it is still difficult to access and join harmonized data, processing algorithms, and models that are provided by different environmental information infrastructures. In this paper, we demonstrate a virtual geographic environments-based integrated environmental simulation framework for flood disaster management based on the notion of interlinked resources, which is capable of automated accumulating and manipulating of sensor data, creating dynamic geo-analysis and three-dimensional visualizations of ongoing geo-process, and updating the contents of simulation models representing the real environment. The prototype system is evaluated by applying it as a proof of concept to integrate in situ weather observations, numerical weather and flood disaster simulation models, visualization, and analysis of the real time flood event. Case applications indicate that the developed framework can be adopted for use by decision-makers for short-term planning and control since the resulting simulation and visualization are completely based on the latest status of environment. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):488-515
Abstract Digital Agriculture is one of the important applications of Digital Earth. As the global climate changes and food security becomes an increasingly important issue, agriculture drought comes to the focus of attention. China is a typical monsoon climate country as well as an agricultural country with the world's largest population. The East Asian monsoon has had a tremendous impact upon agricultural production. Therefore, a maize drought disaster risk assessment, in line with the requirements of sustainable development of agriculture, is important for ensuring drought disaster reduction and food security. Meteorology, soil, land use, and agro-meteorological observation information of the research area were collected, and based on the concept framework of ‘hazard-inducing factors assessment (hazard)-vulnerability assessment of hazard-affected body (vulnerability curve)-risk assessment (risk),’ importing crop model EPIC (Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator), using crop model simulation and digital mapping techniques, quantitative assessment of spatio-temporal distribution of maize drought in China was done. The results showed that: in terms of 2, 5, 10, and 20 year return periods, the overall maize drought risk decreased gradually from northwest to southeast in the maize planting areas. With the 20 year return period, high risk value regions (drought loss rate ≥0.5) concentrate in the irrigated maize region of Northwest china, ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Northern China, Hetao Irrigation Area, and north-central area of North China Plain, accounting for 6.41% of the total maize area. These results can provide a scientific basis for the government's decision-making in risk management and drought disaster prevention in China. 相似文献
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It is viable to differentiate the deep and shallow flood inundated regions through a new flood feature extraction techniques named as ‘Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image based flood feature extraction model’. The proposed model has been built mainly on the top of DEM of the disaster region without adopting standard multi-layer GIS techniques. To meet the time related factors of flood early warning system the image clustering operations has been automated at three different levels which bifurcates the input datasets and extracts the much required end results such as deep flooded regions, shallow flood inundated regions and non-flooded regions. The model has been tested with SAR flood images of known geographical region as well as remote geographical region. The proposed model can be automated against the input SAR sensor image and corresponding DEM of the respective SAR scene of any part of the world. 相似文献
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研究城市雨洪风险问题,对提高城市洪涝灾害监测、预报的准确性,以及促进城市防洪决策制定具有重要的意义。鉴于高精度的城市三维模型可以提供丰富地理信息,便于准确分析淹没情况,本文针对当前城市洪涝模型对地形数据的高敏感性,且雨洪风险评估研究的准确性受限于地形数据精度的问题,提出利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术重建高精度实景三维模型,并结合GIS的空间分析功能,以淹没深度为关键指标进行研究区的雨洪风险评估。通过提取不同重现期下研究区的淹没深度信息,进行可视化渲染实现三维淹没分析,可以直观地看到研究区的淹没情况,作为暴雨内涝风险管理依据,同时对城市规划布局有一定的参考价值。 相似文献