多源遥感数据融合应用研究

多源遥感数据融合是遥感技术向纵深发展的必然趋势。本文对多源遥感数据融合算法的应用特点,从基于像元的融合、特征的融合以及决策级融合3个层次上进行了详细的分析,并以河北丰宁县为例,说明遥感数据融合方法在遥感信息提取中的具体应用:对所用数据进行预处理,然后对1999年Landsat TM数据进行主成分变换,前3 个主成分占总信息量的97.8%,主成分逆变换后的结果影像更清晰,层次更丰富。信息提取时选择TM全色和主成分变换后的多光谱数据融合后的影像,波段4、3、2和波段5、4、3的彩色合成方案,并对植被指数和穗帽变换后的绿度指数进行了分析,遥感影像与DEM以及与GIS空间数据的信息融合也可以提高遥感信息提取的精度。最后分析了多源遥感数据融合尚待解决的问题及努力方向。     

多源遥感数据融合的发展趋势

随着遥感技术的快速发展,影像和数据融合领域的新方法、新算法层出不穷.遥感影像融合技术可以分为3个不同的层次:像素级、特征级和决策级.在回顾现有的多源遥感数据融合技术的基础上,讨论了融合技术的发展趋势.主要讨论内容包括多源高分辨率影像融合新方法、面向应用的影像融合评价和趋势、用于生态建模的LiDAR数据/多源光学/雷达影...     

多源数据融合技术及其在地质矿产调查中应用

针对地质矿产调查的特点,介绍了多源数据融合技术的概念、基本方法,总结归纳了其在地质矿产调查中工作流程、实施步骤、注意事项,分析了多源数据融合技术在地质矿产调查中的应用意义。结合新疆黑山岭东南一带1:50 000区域地质矿产调查项目,采用多源数据融合技术,在构造信息和矿化蚀变信息提取中,对遥感图像数据和地质、地球物理、地球化学数据进行了融合处理和叠合显示,取得了较好的地质效果。     

多源遥感影像深度特征融合匹配算法

针对多源遥感影像之间成像机理不同、非线性光谱辐射畸变大以及灰度梯度差异明显等所导致的匹配困难问题,提出深度特征融合匹配算法(Feature Fusion Matching Algorithm, FFM)。(1)通过构建特征图金字塔网络提取影像深度特征,使用特征连接结构将语义丰富的高层特征与定位精确的低层特征互补融合,解决多源影像同名特征难以表征的问题并提高特征向量的定位精度;(2)对原始维度1/8的特征图进行交叉变换来融合自身邻域信息与待匹配影像特征信息,通过计算特征向量间的相似性得分得到初次匹配结果,针对特征稀疏区域,提出滑动窗口自适应得分阈值检测算法来提升匹配效果;(3)将匹配结果映射至亚像素级特征图,在小窗口内计算像素间的匹配概率分布期望值来检校优化匹配结果,提高匹配点对的准确性;(4)使用PROSAC算法对匹配结果进行提纯,有效剔除误匹配的同时最大限度保留正确匹配点。试验选取6对多源遥感影像,将FFM同SuperPoint、SIFT、ContextDesc以及LoFTR算法进行对比,结果表明FFM算法在匹配点正确率、匹配点均方根误差以及分布均匀度等方面远优于其他算法。将FFM匹...     

多源遥感数据融合在土地利用更新调查中的应用研究

引言 全国第一轮土地利用现状调查工作从上世纪80年代开始至90年代初结束.由于当时3S技术以及计算机技术的局限性,作业方式比较落后,导致数据精度存在某些问题.此外,近年来我国经济建设和社会各项事业快速发展,特别是城市化、工业化进程和农业产业结构调整步伐的进一步加快,使得土地利用现状发生了很大变化,现有的土地利用现状调查成果资料图件、数据与实地差别较大.     

遥感影像提取数据的后处理技术研究

遥感信息的自动提取是当今空间信息领域的研究难点和重点,常见的提取方法能在一定程度上实现自动提取,但提取后的空间数据如道路、建筑物,存在着属性信息缺失、质量不高等问题,无法直接用于实际生产.为了解决这个问题,本文对遥感影像提取数据后处理过程进行研究,基于自动提取结果,借鉴制图综合领域中的算子和算法,并根据典型矢量要素的自...     

多源遥感影像共享平台的设计与实现

在分析不同来源遥感影像共享的基础上,提出了适合多源遥感影像的"影像波段/影像栅格+GridGeome-try+元数据"的基本数据结构。GridGeometry是遥感影像空间信息的抽象,采用GridGeometry可以避免直接对大数据量的遥感影像进行处理;采用ISO 19115元数据标准实现对遥感影像相关信息的描述,并基于XML和数据库技术实现对元数据的表达、存储、解析和处理。最后本文提出了多源遥感影像共享平台的主要体系,并在该体系的基础上实现了多种服务形式,包括:定制的共享网站和符合OGC规范的WMS、WFS和WCS服务等。不同的服务形式能够满足用户的多层次需要,而且为更灵活的服务应用提供了标准接口,在技术上为共享服务的广泛使用提供有力的保障。     

面向多源遥感影像数据的溯源模型研究

遥感卫星技术的快速发展推动了多层次、多角度、全方位、全天候的对地观测,遥感影像数据极大丰富了起来,已广泛应用于众多领域。然而,影像数据时空分辨率不一、质量参差不齐,从原始遥感数据到数据产品的处理算法多样、业务流程复杂,导致遥感数据处理结果的质量追溯较为困难。针对此,本文对多源遥感影像数据溯源信息模型进行研究,根据遥感影像的分发、处理等特点,构建了遥感影像元数据溯源信息概念模型,图谱化表示遥感影像衍生过程中的事件、实体、关系和属性信息;为了提高遥感影像溯源信息的互操作能力,对W3C（万维网联盟）PROV溯源模型进行了继承与扩展,构建了溯源信息概念模型与W3C PROV溯源模型的映射框架,实现了溯源信息的表达;提出了遥感影像元数据模型扩展方法,以支持溯源信息的嵌入。本研究丰富了遥感影像元数据的溯源信息,支持用户对遥感数据产品追踪溯源,评估其可用性和可靠性;同时,提出了基于溯源信息的遥感数据查询优化方法,提高了数据查询效率。     

多源海量统计遥感数据集成管理技术研究

统计遥感业务是国家统计局基于统计业务对空间信息的发展和应用需求,将GIS、RS和GPS空间信息技术全面应用于统计数据的获取、管理与分析中,从而提高统计效率和统计科技含量,构建新型国家统计业务体系。统计遥感业务数据具有多源、海量的特点,实现统计遥感数据的集成与管理是新型统计遥感业务成功运转的基础。针对统计遥感业务及数据应用需求,通过对各类空间数据集成与管理技术进行研究,提出在建立统计遥感空间数据库基础上,将影像以县级为单位进行拼接、然后压缩存储到统计遥感空间数据库,同时结合影像编目技术实现海量遥感影像的管理;提出将元数据管理和数据转换、数据直接访问以及数据互操作方式,实现多源统计遥感数据的集成与管理。通过多种方式,从应用层面较好地解决了海量、多源统计遥感数据的集成与管理,提升了统计遥感数据的应用范围。     

融合VGI和遥感等多源数据的洪涝范围提取与模拟方法

及时准确的洪涝范围提取可以提高应急管理部门对于洪涝灾害的响应能力,减轻灾害影响。SAR遥感不受云雨影响,是洪涝灾害监测的有效工具。然而,由于卫星重返周期的限制,基于SAR的洪涝连续观测较难实现。在应急背景下,如何快速、实时进行洪涝范围提取是急需解决的问题。本文提出了一种结合遥感、VGI等多源数据的洪涝范围提取与模拟方法：(1)构建Albert+CNN的文本分类模型提取社交媒体洪涝信息;(2)基于异常值剔除方法利用社交媒体和OSM等VGI数据代替人工采样对Sentinel-1 SAR数据进行分类,提取洪涝范围;(3)结合社交媒体、水位数据等多源数据基于SNIC分割和成本距离等方法模拟无可用SAR数据时的洪涝淹没情况,提高洪涝的淹没范围提取频次。研究表明,本文基于Albert+CNN与异常值剔除的样本自动生成方法,可以有效辅助SAR数据的洪涝分类;利用VGI数据结合水情、DEM等多源数据进行了洪涝范围的模拟可以增加洪涝监测的时间分辨率。本研究有助于提高洪涝信息提取能力,为VGI支持洪涝灾害的应急管理提供参考。     

Object-oriented crop classification based on UAV remote sensing imagery

UAV remote sensing images have the advantages of high spatial resolution, fast speed, strong realtime performance, and convenient operation, etc., and have become a recently developed, vital means of acquiring surface information. It is an important research task for precision agriculture to make full use of the spectrum, texture, color and other characteristic information of crops, especially the spatial arrangement and structure information of features, to explore effective methods for the cla...     

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO POPULATION ESTIMATION

This paper attempts to explore a new avenue of urban small-regional population estimation by remote sensing technology, creatively and comprehensively for the first time using a residence count method, area (density)method and model method, incorporating the application experienqe of American scholars in the light of the state of our country. Firstly, the author proposes theoretical basis for population estimation by remote sensing, on the basis of analysing and evaluating the history and state quo of application of methods of population estimation by remote sens-ing. Secondly, two original types of mathematical models of population estimation are developed on the basis of remote sensing data, taking Tianjin City as an example. By both of the mathematical models the regional population may be estimated from remote sensing variable values with high accuracy. The number of the independent variables in the lat-ter model is somewhat smaller and the collection of remote sensing data is somewhat easier, but the deviation is a little larger. Finally, some viewpoints on the principled problems about the practical application of remote sensing to popu-lation estimation are out forward.     

小波零树编码在EOS/MODIS遥感图像压缩中的应用

研究了对EOS/MODIS遥感图像的压缩.针对EOS/MODIS图像的特性及其传输和存储过程中的实际需要,在Mallat塔式分解的基础上,采用嵌入式零树编码方法,选取适于EOS/MODIS图像数据的编码参量,对其进行了编解码.实验结果表明,该算法的图像重构质量和峰值信噪比都非常好,并且可以在保证图像主要轮廓的基础上,不同程度地体现图像的细节信息,适用于图像的渐进传输及图像浏览,符合对高分辨率、高精度、海量EOS/MODIS图像数据进行实时传输及存储的实际要求.     

基于遥感资料的陕北黄土高原植被覆盖率时空特征分析

选取黄土高原的典型区域--陕北作为监测区域,以MODIS和TM资料作为主要数据源,从可业务化的角度采用植被指数法进行了植被覆盖率的遥感反演,对4种生态气候区植被覆盖率季相变化特征进行了分析,并对陕北生态环境治理前后植被覆盖率的变化进行了对比,结果表明:生态治理后陕北黄土高原的植被覆盖率绝大多数地区都是正增长,各生态气候区植被覆盖状况都有了不同程度的改善,生态治理效果最明显的区域在陕北南部.     

遥感影像直方图修正及彩色变换

遥感技术是当前人类研究地球资源环境的一种主要技术手段。针对遥感影像的特点 ,对其进行直方图修正及彩色变换的数字图像处理 ,用VC ++6 .0程序设计语言 ,实现几种变换     

Advances in Research on Soil Moisture by Microwave Remote Sensing in China

Soil moisture is an important factor in global hydrologic circulation and plays a significant role in the research of hydrology, climatology, and agriculture. Microwave remote sensing is less limited by climate and time, and can measure in large scale. With these characteristics, this technique becomes an effective tool to measure soil moisture. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers have investigated the soil moisture using microwave instruments. The active re- mote sensors are characteristic of high spatial resolution, thus with launch of a series of satellites, active microwave remote sensing of soil moisture will be emphasized. The passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture has a long research history, and its retrieval algorithms were developed well, so it is an important tool to retrieve large scale moisture information from satellite data in the future.     

Extraction of altered minerals from Aster remote sensing data in Gongchangling iron deposit of Liaoning,China

The precision of Aster data is higher than that of Landsat series of multispectral remote sensing data, which can more accurately reveal the distribution of altered minerals. It plays an important role in prospecting, but it is rarely used in areas with complex terrain and high vegetation coverage. Based on this purpose, this study used Aster remote sensing data, and took Gongchangling iron deposit as a case study. It combined the mineral spectrum theory and the basic geologic data of the study ...     

地表环境参数时间序列重构的方法与应用分析

卫星传感器数据提取的地表环境参数是全球变化和区域资源环境研究的重要信息源.时间序列数据的重构旨在利用多种统计和数值分析方法,模拟参数的季节/年度变化规律,从而插补缺失观测值,优化时间序列数据,为相关研究提供更加完备的基础数据.目前,数据重构主要应用在植被指数、叶面积指数、地表能量平衡参数等,重构的方法包括阈值法、滤波方...     

ANALYSIS ON SPATIAL FEATURES OF LUCC BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN CHINA

In view of the large quantities of areas,complex landform and dynamic change of resources and environ-ment in China,China has already funded abundantly a series of macro remote sensing investigation projects in land use cover change(LUCC) since 1990.Supported by the achievements of such projects,Chinese resources,environmental and remote sensing database(CRERS) was created.In this paper,we standardized the LUCC dataset of CRERS at scale of 1km,which facilitated the study of spatial features of LUCC in China.The analysis on the spatial features of LUCC and their causes of formation in China are based on the CRERS supported by the technologies of Geographic Information System(GIS) .The whole research was based on the grade index of land use,ecological environmental index and index of population density.Based on the correlation analysis,we found that the special features of LUCC were closely related with those of ecological environment and population density,which resulted form that areas with better ecological environ-ment and high production potential of land were easy and convenient for human being to live,which,furthermore,led to the aggravation of excessive exploitation of land resources there.     

Extending self-organizing maps for supervised classification of remotely sensed data

An extended self-organizing map for supervised classification is proposed in this paper. Unlike other traditional SOMs, the model has an input layer, a Kohonen layer, and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer depends on the dimensionality of input patterns. The number of neurons in the output layer equals the number of the desired classes. The number of neurons in the Kohonen layer may be a few to several thousands, which depends on the complexity of classification problems and the classification precision. Each training sample is expressed by a pair of vectors: an input vector and a class codebook vector. When a training sample is input into the model, Kohonens competitive learning rule is applied to selecting the winning neuron from the Kohonen layer and the weight coefficients connecting all the neurons in the input layer with both the winning neuron and its neighbors in the Kohonen layer are modified to be closer to the input vector, and those connecting all the neurons around the winning neuron within a certain diameter in the Kohonen layer with all the neurons in the output layer are adjusted to be closer to the class codebook vector. If the number of training samples is sufficiently large and the learning epochs iterate enough times, the model will be able to serve as a supervised classifier. The model has been tentatively applied to the supervised classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. The author compared the performances of the extended SOM and BPN in remotely sensed data classification. The investigation manifests that the extended SOM is feasible for supervised classification.