吉林省南部下元古界的变质不纯碳酸盐岩

吉林省南部下元古界集安群、老岭群不纯碳酸盐岩发生变质反应时流体成分的变化受不同因素的控制,集安群不纯碳酸盐岩中流体成分的变化受缓冲作用控制,老岭群不纯碳酸盐岩中流体成分的变化受缓冲加渗滤作用控制;变质温压条件为560℃±、300MPa±。     

板峪口组大理岩中的变质流体

山西五台山区板峪口组大理岩的总体矿物组合为透闪石、金云母、白云石、方解石、微斜长石和石英,岩石变质时受缓冲作用控制。口泉主沟内绿帘石脉体中流体的X_(CO_2)为0.08,而围岩白云岩中X_(CO_2)大于0.4,同一地点脉体和围岩中变质溶液具有不同的X_(CO_2)说明溶液成分受缓冲作用控制。绿帘石脉体内溶液成分保持X_(CO_2)=0.8不变则说明溶液成分受渗滤作用控制。围岩内矿物组合为金云母、透闪石、方解石和白云石也说明溶液成分受渗滤作用控制。总的说来,本地区的变质溶液成分是缓冲作用加渗滤作用的综合结果。 本区变质时所通过的流体数量一般不超过岩石体积的1/4。当岩石内有单矿物脉体时,脉体内所通过的流体数量较高。绿帘石脉内所通过的流体大致相当于岩石体积(99％)。     

不纯碳酸盐岩中的变质矿物

不纯大理岩中变质矿物的稳定程度既与温度有关,也与压力有关。在低压时(压力小于150MPa)金云母与方解石、石英反应产生钾长石和透闪石。大干上述压力,金云母与方解石、石英反应产生钾长石和透辉石。透闪石和透辉石的产生温度与二氧化碳分压有关。二氧化碳分压高时,透闪石出现的温度较高,两者呈正比关系。橄榄石的产生温度与总压和二氧化碳分压均呈正比关系。帘石在大理岩中仅出现在二氧化碳分压低的区域。     

矽卡岩矿床研究的若干问题

矽卡岩是在火成岩与碳酸盐岩等岩石的接触变质交代作用,或在区域变质作用中形成的钙、铁、镁、锰硅酸盐矿物组合。矽卡岩既可以是岩浆成因的,也可以是变质成因的。形成矽卡岩的主要作用有不纯碳酸盐岩的变质重结晶,不同岩性岩石之间的双交代作用以及岩浆热液和变质热液的渗滤交代作用。当矽卡岩中富集了有价值的矿物原料时,便成为矽卡岩矿床。世界上大部分大型矽卡岩矿床都与岩浆热液系统有关,它们产于侵入体接触带中或其附     

青城子铅锌矿碳酸盐矿物成因矿物学研究

青城子铅锌矿是辽河群变质岩系中的大型铅锌矿。矿体主要赋存在辽河群浪子山组火山碎屑岩建造和大石桥组碳酸盐岩建造中,其形态和产状严格受岩性、地层产状及构造断裂控制。矿体的直接围岩为白云质大理岩和云母条带大理岩等。矿石矿物主要是黄缺矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等;脉石矿物主要为石英、方解石和白云石。矿石具有沉积、变质等地质作用所形成     

变质流体的内部缓冲作用和外部渗透作用

变质流体的内部缓冲作用和外部渗透作用研究是近年来变质作用研究所取得的重要进展之一．在变质作用过程中．如果变质岩石没有和外部流体源发生相互作用，变质矿物共生组合就有缓冲变质流体组成的能允这就是变质流体的内部缓冲作用；如果变质岩石受到大量的外部流体源的渗透，变质矿物组合不仅失去控制变质流体组成的能力，而且要调整自身组成．以便与外部流体组成保持化学平衡，这就是流体的外部渗透作用．变质流体的内部缓冲和外都渗透代表了自然所发生的两种极端现象．变质作用过程中更为普遍现象是变质流体既受内部经冲控制又受外部渗透控制．     

佛子岭群变质岩石学变质作用及时代的初步研究

佛子岭群是北淮阳地区分布较广的地层单位之五。主要岩石类型为长石石英岩、细粒石英岩、含蓝晶石英片岩和含石英白质大理岩，变质矿物在蓝晶石、石榴石、黑云母及白云母等。根据石榴石－黑云母矿物对计算温度约５２０℃，压力为０．３－０．５ＧＰａ。主变质作用年龄为３７８±２４Ｍａ。     

塘古坳陷YL6井寒武系盐下变质岩地层厘定及地质意义

塔里木盆地台盆区广泛发育下寒武统白云岩,厚度大、生储盖条件优越使其具有广阔的勘探前景,而YL6井在中寒武统膏盐岩之下钻揭了一套巨厚大理岩,这对于早寒武世玛东构造带是否为正常沉积的台盆相碳酸盐岩提出了质疑。通过岩心、岩屑薄片、扫描电镜资料明确了塘古坳陷YL6井巨厚大理岩的岩石学特征,根据大理岩变质特征、特征变质矿物的分布以及海绵骨针的发现,结合地震、测井等资料进一步明确了YL6井大理岩的母岩时代及变质成因。研究表明:(1)YL6井大理岩表现为过渡变质特征,大理岩中的特征变质矿物和酸性热液相关矿物证明其为晚期酸性热液活动的变质产物,并非区域变质基底;(2)大理岩中古生物化石以及地震、沉积背景资料表明玛东地区广泛分布正常沉积的下寒武统白云岩,局部因断裂沟通热源导致变质;(3)玛东构造带寒武系盐下石油地质条件优越,具有寻找盐下原生构造油气藏以及岩性—构造复合油气藏的勘探潜力。     

佛子岭群变质岩石学变质作用及时代的初步研究

佛子岭群是北淮阳地区分布较广的地层单位之一。主要岩石类型为长石石英岩、细粒石英岩、含蓝晶石英片岩和含石英白云质大理岩。变质矿物有蓝晶石、石格石、黑云母及白云母等。根据石榴石一黑云母矿物对计算温度约５２０℃，压力为０．３～０．５ＧＰａｋ。主变质作用年龄为３７８±２４Ｍａ。     

多金属矿床中矿石体重与金属品位的关系

在矿产储量计算中,矿石体重是一项重要参数。金属矿床矿石体重往往随金属品位的增高而增高,为了正确确定体重值,应根据不同矿石类型、品位等级采集体重样,测定体重的同时,除测定湿度外,同时应分析金属元素品位。下面以枫溪江铅锌矿区为例,介绍一种或多种金属元素品位高低与体重变化关系及储量计算体重值的确定方法。一、矿区地质简况该区地层为元古界板溪群马底驿组二段上部和三段下部。二段上部岩性主要为不纯大理岩,三段下部岩性主要为绢云母千枚岩。矿体受断裂控制,呈脉状、脉带状,主要产于大理岩内的断裂中。矿石中金属矿物主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿。据人工重砂分析统计:方铅矿、闪锌矿及少量硫锑铅矿占重矿物96.6％;其他金属矿物及重矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂、辰砂、车轮矿等,含量均少,其总和仅占重矿物的3.4％。脉石矿     

Metamorphism of the Bikou Group in the Shanxi-Gausu-Sichuan Border Region1

Abstract The Bikou Group on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Sichuan border is composed of Mid-Late Proterozoic metamorphosed bimodal volcanic rocks and flysch sediments. Its metamorphism may be divided into the blueschist and greenschist facies. Three metamorphic zones, i.e. zones A, B, and C, may be distinguished on the basis of the field distribution of metamorphic rocks and the variation of b₀ values of muscovite. Blueschists are characterized by coexistence of sodic amphiboles and epidote and occur as stripes or relict patches in extensive greenschists of zone A. Studies of metamorphic minerals such as amphiboles, chlorite, epidote and muscovite and their textural relationships indicate that blueschists and greenschists were not formed under the same metamorphic physico-chemical conditions. The blueschist facies was formed at temperatures of 300-400°C and pressures of 0.5–0.6 GPa. The greenschist facies in zones A and B has similar temperatures but its pressure is only 0.4 GPa or so. The transition from the blueschist to greenschist facies is a nearly isothermal uplift process. The rock and mineral assemblages of the Bikou Group indicate that the blueschist facies metamorphism of the group might be related to crustal thickening or A-subduction accompanying the closure of an intracontinental small ocean basin.     

辽河群变质序列再讨论

辽河群的原岩以泥质和泥砂质岩石为主,其经历了绿片岩相至角闪岩相变质作用,产生了丰富的变质矿物（矿物组合）.不同变质级别的矿物组合,是各自在变质作用峰期生成的,它们是空间上的并列关系,绝非时间上的先后关系,不能依此划分变质阶段和幕次,更不能用它们来做P-T-t轨迹.同一矿物组合内,通过滑动反应和综合反应,矿物之间达到一定温压条件下的平衡共生关系,各种矿物变质程度是相同的,形成时间是同时的或交错的.有的研究者认为,变质矿物形成序列为Chl→Bt→Gt→Stau→And（Ky）→Sill（Cord）,这种观点是值得商榷的.     

Genesis of garnet-bearing rocks at the Berezitovoe deposit,Upper Amur Region,Russia

The geological position, composition of mineral assemblages, and typomorphism of major minerals from garnet-bearing rocks at the Berezitovoe gold-base-metal deposit in the Upper Amur Region have been studied in detail. These are ore-bearing metasomatic rocks and metamorphosed porphyritic dikes. The garnet-bearing metasomatic rocks reveal zoning, which is caused by various degrees of metasomatic transformation of the Paleozoic porphyritic granodiorite that hosts the ore zone. The metasomatic replacement of granodiorite was accompanied by loss of Na, Ca, Ba, Sr and gain of K, Mn, and Rb. Garnet-bearing metamorphosed intermediate dikes occur within the metasomatic zone. The PT conditions of metamorphism and metasomatism are similar and estimated at 3.9 kbar and 500°C from various mineral equilibria. The results of physicochemical simulation of garnet-bearing mineral assemblages carried out by minimizing the Gibbs free energy and the geological data show that garnet-bearing mineral assemblages arose at the Berezitovoe deposit as a result of local high-temperature thermal metamorphism of previously formed low-temperature metasomatic rocks close in composition to classic beresite. In this connection, we propose considering garnet-bearing metasomatic rocks as high-temperature metamorphosed beresites.     

大别山区变质岩中蓝晶石的几种退变质反应及其所指示的动力学过程

蓝晶石在大别山含柯石英和不含柯石英的榴辉岩、高压变质的副片麻岩、非高压变质的宿松群的变质沉积岩中都是重要的变质矿物。它们多有冠状或其它的变质反应结构，形成多样化的退变质反应矿物。有些退变质反应是十分罕见的。本文报道了８种蓝晶石的矿物组合和退变质反应，推测和计算了变质反应的温度－压力条件，从而探讨了它们代表的近等温降压、升温降压和流体为重要因素的降温降压的不同的动力学过程。这些数据与用其它变质矿物所得到的温度压力条件和ＰＴｔ演化基本一致。为探讨大别山超高压变质带的构造演化提供了新的依据。     

Granulite facies metasomatism: zoned calc-silicate boudins from the Rauer Group,East Antarctica

Calc-silicate boudins from the Rauer Group, East Antarctica, were metamorphosed under granulite facies conditions during late Proterozoic (ca. 1,000 Ma) M3 metamorphism. Boudin cores contain low to moderate a_{CO 2} assemblages including wollastonite, grossularandradite (grandite) garnet, clinopyroxene, scapolite, plagioclase, quartz±calcite. Petrological and stable isotopic evidence suggests that these core assemblages resulted from pre-peak M3 infiltration of water-rich fluids; there is no evidence for a pervasive fluid phase under peak M3 conditions. The boudins are separated from the surrounding Fe-rich pelites and semi-pelites by a series of concentric, high-variance reaction zones developed under peak M3 conditions. Variations in mineral assemblage, mineral composition and whole rock composition across these zones suggest that they formed by diffusional masstransfer, controlled principally by a chemical potential gradient in Ca across the original calc-silicate-paragneiss lithological boundary. As a consequence of the nearcomplete decarbonation of the calc-silicatesbefore the M3 peak, development of the diffusion-controlled reaction zones did not liberate significant CO₂ during granulite facies metamorphism. Similar calcite-poor, low a_{CO 2} calc-silicate horizons in other granulite facies terrains are unlikely to have been important local fluid sources during deep crustal metamorphism.     

中条山地区绛县群和中条群沉积时限:夹层斜长角闪岩SIMS锆石U-Pb年代学证据

中条山地区出露大量早前寒武纪岩石,是认识华北克拉通晚太古代至早元古代大地构造演化的关键地区。绛县群变质陆缘碎屑-火山岩及中条群变质陆缘碎屑-碳酸盐岩建造是该区最主要的地层单元,同时也是一系列铜矿床的赋矿围岩。目前,对于二者的形成时代仍缺乏直接证据。本文通过高精度的二次离子质谱锆石U-Pb定年,厘定了绛县群和中条群中的斜长角闪岩夹层分别形成于~2189Ma和~2086Ma。结合已有同位素资料,我们认为绛县群变质沉积-火山岩系可能形成于ca.2160~2190Ma,而中条群中段的大理岩和黑色片岩系(余元下组和篦子沟组)形成于ca.2059~2086Ma之间。另外,岩石组合和矿化类型指示,中条山地区在ca.2090~2190Ma可能经历了两次裂谷事件。     

A Comparative geochemical study of pelitic schists and metamorphosed carbonate rocks from south-central Maine,USA

Whole-rock major element chemical analyses of progressively metamorphosed impure carbonate rocks and pelitic schists, collected from the same metamorphic terrain, reveal similarities and differences in the chemical response of these rock types to the metamorphic event. Relative to a constant aluminum reference frame, both schist and carbonate exhibit no detectable change in their contents of Fe, Mg, Ti, Si, and Ca with change in metamorphic grade. Carbonate rocks become progressively depleted in K and Na with increasing grade of metamorphism, while schists exhibit no statistically significant change in their contents of K and Na. Both rock types become depleted in volatiles (principally CO₂ and H₂O) with increasing grade.Whole-rock chemical data permit two mechanisms for migration of K and Na from the carbonate rocks during metamorphism: (a) diffusion of alkalis from carbonate to adjacent schist; (b) transport of alkalis by through-flowing metamorphic fluid (infiltration). Mineral equilibria in schist and metacarbonate rock from the same outcrops allow calculation of the affinity for cation exchange between the two rock types during metamorphism. Measured affinities indicate that if mass transport of K and Na occurred by diffusion, chemical potential gradients would have driven the alkalis from schist into carbonate rock. Because diffusion cannot produce the observed chemical trends in the metacarbonates, K and Na are believed to have been removed during metamorphism by infiltration.The disparity in chemical behavior between the pelitic schists and metacarbonate rocks may be a result of enhanced fluid flow through the carbonates. The carbonate rocks may have acted as metamorphic aquifers; the greater flow of fluid through them would then have had a correspondingly greater effect on their whole-rock chemistry.     

北京密云群变质岩的矿物演化

分布于北京密云水库附近的密云群变质岩是太古代遭受多期变质作用的片庥杂岩,研究它的矿物演化将有利于阐明变质作用过程及早期地壳发展的特点。密云群主要由超镁铁质变质岩类(Si=100—200,C>15,K<0.2)、镁铁质变质岩     

Dissolution and Deformation Characteristics of Limestones Containing Different Calcite and Dolomite Content Induced by CO2-Water-Rock Interaction

To investigate the impacts of mineral composition on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks, limestone specimens containing different contents in calcite and dolomite are selected to perform CO2-water-rock reaction experiments. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are carried out to examine the change characteristics of mineral dissolution and pore structure after reaction. The core flooding experiments with Fiber Bragg gratings are implemented to examine the stress sensitivity of carbonate rocks. The results show that the limestones containing pure calcite are more susceptible to acid dissolution compared to limestone containing impure dolomite. The calcite content in pure limestone decreases as the reaction undergoes. The dissolution of dolomite leads to the formation of calcite in impure limestone. Calcite dissolution leads to the formation of macropore and flow channels in pure limestone, while the effects of impure dolomite in impure limestone results in mesopore formation. When confining pressure is lower than 12 MPa, pure limestones demonstrate higher strain sensitivity coefficients compared to impure limestone containing dolomite after reaction. When confining pressure exceeds 12 MPa, the strain sensitivity coefficients of both pure and impure limestones become almost equal.     

Metamorphism in the Olary Block, South Australia: compression with cooling in a Proterozoic fold belt

Abstract The sedimentary and igneous rocks comprising the lower Proterozoic Olary Block, South Australia, were deformed and metamorphosed during the mid-Proterozoic 'Olarian'Orogeny. The area is divided into three zones on the basis of assemblages in metapelitic rocks, higher grade conditions occurring in the south-east. Mineral assemblages developed during peak metamorphism, which accompanied recumbent folding, include andalusite in Zones I and II and sillimanite in Zone III. Upright folding and overprinting of mineral assemblages occurred during further compression, the new mineral assemblages including kyanite in Zone II and kyanite and sillimanite in Zone III. The timing relationships of the aluminosilicate polymorphs, together with the peak metamorphic and overprinting parageneses, imply an anticlockwise P–T path for the 'Olarian'Orogeny, pressure increasing with cooling from the metamorphic peak.