江西德兴银山火山岩-次火山岩带状岩浆房初步研究

银山地区火山岩－次火山岩由流纹岩、流纹英安斑岩、英安质熔岩、英安斑岩和粗面安山斑岩组成,喷发和侵入存在着反序特征。通过各种物理化学方法确定了岩浆房中存在的化学成分和温度、密度、粘度梯度。建立了以英安质岩浆为主,顶部有一层富ＳｉＯ２、富Ｋ的流纹质岩浆,底部为少量粗面安山质岩浆的带状岩浆房。岩浆演化及带状岩浆房折形成是分离结晶、同化混染、岩浆对流和边界层机制共同作用的结果。     

江西德兴银山火山岩-次火山岩岩石学研究

银山火山岩次火山岩属于高钾钙碱性系列。化学成分以低Ｔｉ、Ｎａ,高Ｋ和相对富Ａｌ为特征。微量元素∑ＲＥＥ较低,Ｋ、Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ富集和Ｔｉ、Ｔａ、Ｓｒ、Ｐ、Ｙｂ相对贫化。从第一旋回到第三旋回,随着ＳｉＯ２含量降低,Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＦｅＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ含量以及∑ＲＥＥ、∑Ｃｅ／∑Ｙ、（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ逐渐升高,岩性由流纹岩流纹英安斑岩英安质熔岩和英安斑岩粗面安山斑岩,表现连续的反序演化。起源于下部地壳的英安质母岩浆同化混染了部分上地壳的硅铝层物质并演化形成以英安质岩浆为主、顶部有一层富ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ的流纹质岩浆、底部有少量粗面安山质岩浆的带状岩浆房。断裂构造诱发岩浆房自上而下逐层抽取喷发—侵位形成反序的火山岩次火山岩。     

浙江拔茅破火山岩浆作用：开放体系多机制复合演化

拔茅火山杂岩的成分变化范围广泛，包括玄武质，玄武粗安质，粗面安山质，粗面英安质，流纹英安质到流纹质和高硅流纹质岩石都有，它们不是由单一母岩浆演化而来，也不是由单一岩浆房喷发形成的，而是来自多种类型的岩浆房，并经历过复杂的演化过程，为开放体系多机制复合演化，其中早期双峰式基性端元是由上地幔部分熔融形成的，而酸性端无则是地壳物质边熔融边喷发（分离熔融）的结果，作为火山杂岩主体的粗面英安质岩石，其岩浆是在高位主岩浆房内由玄武质岩浆与流纹英安质岩浆混合形成的，发生混合的流纹英安质与玄武质岩浆的比例为57：43，而粗面安山质岩浆则是溶部岩浆房内由玄武质岩浆分离结晶形成的，晚期侵出－侵入的流纹英安质岩穹和高硅流纹斑岩株则分别代表高位次级岩浆房的成分及其硅质帽。     

利用支持向量机识别松辽盆地火山岩岩性

利用支持向量机(SVM)方法,选取个性特征元素,建立火山岩岩性成分的识别方法,来区分玄武质、安山质、粗面质、英安质、流纹质火山岩岩性.通过对松辽盆地内部的火山岩样本进行学习和预测,火山岩大类平均识别率达到95%以上,表明支持向量机在火山岩岩性成分识别方面取得了良好效果.     

大兴安岭根河岩区晚侏罗世火山岩特征及构造环境探讨

大兴安岭根河岩区晚侏罗世火山岩岩石类型主要为火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩.据岩石化学成分火山岩可划分为流纹质、安山质、英安质及粗面质几种类型,并属高钾钙碱性系列.岩石化学、地球化学显示岩浆主要来源于下地壳,并有幔源物质参与;岩石具火山弧的特点,形成于整体挤压大陆边缘并靠近板内一侧的构造环境.     

腾冲活火山的岩浆演化

腾冲火山活动分老期（包括上新世、早更新世和中更新世）和新期（中更新世—全新世,包括马鞍山、黑空山和打鹰山）,代表性火山岩分别是玄武岩、英安质熔结凝灰岩、玄武质粗安岩和粗安岩,均属于高钾钙碱性火山岩。新期马鞍山、黑空山、打鹰山火山活动至少可以追溯到中更新世,岩浆成分从中更新世粗面玄武岩—玄武质粗安岩演化到晚更新世—全新世粗安岩。它们有一共同的岩浆源（或岩浆房）,岩浆形成演化与壳幔作用和岩浆房内的辉石分离结晶作用有关。根据岩浆演化趋势,现在腾冲活火山之下岩浆房中的岩浆将向更富碱和富硅的粗面质或流纹质岩浆演化。     

北淮阳晚侏罗世金刚台组火山岩岩石化学和地球化学特征及构造环境

晚侏罗世金刚台组火山岩分布在北淮阳中生代火山岩带的中部，主要岩石类型为火山碎屑岩类。据岩石化学成分，金刚台组火山岩可划分为安山质、英安质、粗面英安质和流纹质几种类型，并属于高钾钙碱性系列。其岩石化学和地球化学显示岩浆起源于下地壳，并经历了正常的分离结晶作用，有轻微的混染，岩浆开始结晶温度为９３６～１１２２℃，压力约为０２４ＧＰａ。据岩石地球化学方法判别，其构造环境具有类似于火山弧的特点，结合区域构造动力学背景分析，其形成可能与大别山造山带后期的陆内俯冲而引起的陆壳增厚有关     

天目山火山岩的反序现象及其成因

浙江天目山地区的中生代火山岩由流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩组成,其喷发存在反序现象。笔者用带状岩浆房的模式解释了该区火山岩的特点,应用各种物理化学方法建立了岩浆房中存在的温度、密度和粘度梯度。主要元素及微量元素的行为及其定量模拟表明,分离结晶是导致岩浆成分变化的主要机理。然而,各种矿物在岩浆房中的沉降速度计算表明,尤其是酸性岩浆中,晶体的重力沉降是不可能的。因此,岩浆房中存在的分离结晶现象主要是通过对分离作用进行的。     

拉斑玄武质岩浆极端分异之实例—Loch Ba环状岩墙的岩石学与地球化学

苏格兰西北部马尔地区Loch Ba环状岩墙系由条带状流纹溶结凝灰岩组成。该流纹岩含有大量暗色隐晶质包体。根据流纹岩及其暗色包体的结构构造特征、斑晶矿物及组合、含量、化学成分特征和全岩的常量元素变化特征，认为Loch Ba岩墙之深部存在着一强烈分带的岩浆房，岩浆房上部为流纹质岩浆，其下为强烈分带区，由英安质至底部至少是镁铁质安山岩浆组成。岩浆的分异结晶作用、深部岩浆对来自上部岩浆的捕获晶的同化作用及蚀变作用是造成岩石主要元素一系列变化的原因。     

粤东白云嶂-鸡婆嶂中生代晚期火山岩特征及地层划分

粤东白云嶂-鸡婆嶂地区中生代晚期火山岩广泛出露,为一套中酸性-碱性岩系.依据岩性、岩相、接触界面性质、喷发-沉积韵律等特征,自下而上划分为吉岭湾组、龙潭坑组、热水洞组、南山村组和白云嶂组.吉岭湾组为安山质、英安质火山碎屑岩及其熔岩;龙潭坑组为火山碎屑沉积岩;热水洞组为流纹质火山碎屑岩及其熔岩;南山村组为流纹质、英安质火山碎屑岩及其熔岩;白云嶂组为碱长流纹质-粗面质火山碎屑岩及其熔岩.该套火山岩地层构成4个喷发旋回,根据同位素年龄,确定其时代为中侏罗世-早白垩世.     

富铜斑岩岩浆形成机制与演化过程

斑岩铜矿在现代经济和科学中扮演了重要的角色,已成为一种最重要的铜矿床类型。自Schwartz(1947)首次使用"斑岩铜矿(porphyry copper deposit)"术语以来,地质学家对其开展了系统研究,取得一系列重要进展。本文对斑岩铜矿成矿岩浆形成机制及演化过程的研究进展进行了总结与回顾。结果显示,富铜斑岩岩浆的形成经历了在洋壳俯冲或大陆岩石圈地壳拆沉机制下形成含矿岩浆,中间岩浆房岩浆的结晶分异与成矿流体、成矿物质的富集,以及富成矿流体与成矿物质的岩浆(富矿斑岩岩浆)上侵至地壳浅部结晶固化并与围岩、地下水相互作用等过程,斑岩铜矿是该"生产线"的"终端产品"。最后,本文对斑岩铜矿形成机制待进一步研究的一些问题进行了思考与概括。     

新疆富蕴希力库都克地区岩浆混合作用及其成矿意义

新疆北部希力库都克地区为-斑岩型铜钼金矿区,含矿的花岗闪长岩体中广泛发育4种暗色岩微粒包体似隐晶状安山玄武岩、细粒闪长岩、少斑状安山(玢)岩和安山玢岩,矿区还产有安山玢岩、英安斑岩、正长岩等脉岩.花岗闪长岩及其包体的岩相学、矿物化学和岩石地球化学特征表明该区发生了岩浆混合作用,其中酸性的花岗闪长质与基性的闪长质岩浆混合,形成了过渡相岩石--安山玢岩质岩浆混合岩.本区矿化与暗色微粒包体有关矿化较好的地段暗色微粒包体较多,有些包体中磁铁矿微粒普遍发育,有时甚至含少量黄铁矿和黄铜矿等硫化物.研究发现,本区岩浆混合岩--安山玢岩,与蚀变矿化的花岗闪长岩虽然在野外产状和岩石结构上截然有别,但二者的化学成分相当接近在哈克图上二者的投影点靠近;稀土元素和微量元素上,标准化曲线型式相似(或相同),表明二者具有相似的成因,换言之,岩浆混合作用可能伴随了热液蚀变和矿化的发生.推测本区岩浆混合作用可能是幔源基性岩浆与陆壳花岗质岩浆的混合,由此产生的中酸性岩浆经过分异和流体作用造就了本区的铜钼金矿化.     

Contribution of mafic melt to porphyry copper mineralization: evidence from Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, and Bingham Canyon, Utah, USA

Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, known for its cataclysmic eruption in 1991, hosts several porphyry copper deposits and active geothermal systems. An underlying mafic melt supplied much of the sulphur for the dacitic magma and its injection into the dacitic magma chamber triggered the eruption. The eruption caused purging of the sulphur-rich fluid from the dacite to the atmosphere and extensive fracturing. Similar events took place at Bingham Canyon, Utah, site of the largest copper and gold deposit in North America at 38 Ma. The Bingham Canyon mineralization took place beneath an active stratovolcano and pyroclastic flows contemporaneous with the mineralization show evidence for magma mingling. Ascent of mafic melt supplied sulphur and chalcophile elements to the felsic magma, which consolidated to form the Bingham stock and its underlying magma chamber. Injections of the mafic melt caused periodic eruptions of felsic magma to form the stratovolcano and deposition of sulphide minerals in highly fractured rocks in and around the stock.     

斜长石结构和成分对开放体系下岩浆演化的指示:以浙江拔茅白垩纪英安岩为例

矿物的结构和成分可用来反演岩浆演化过程.为探讨酸性岩浆房内岩浆演化过程,以浙江拔茅火山主体英安岩中的斜长石为例,对其开展了矿物学、地球化学研究.结果显示,斜长石普遍具有核-幔-边结构,暗示其在喷发前处于开放性岩浆房内,并经历了复杂的岩浆过程.对代表性斜长石的电子探针成分及背散射图像分析表明,斜长石核部、幔部及边部分别具...     

Genesis and evolution of subduction-zone andesites: evidence from melt inclusions

Andesite magmatism plays a major role in continental crustal growth, but its subduction-zone origin and evolution is still a hotly debated topic. Compared with whole-rock analyses, melt inclusions (MIs) can provide important direct information on the processes of magma evolution. In this article, we synthesize data for melt inclusions hosted by phenocrysts in andesites, extracted from the GEOROC global compilation. These data show that melt inclusions entrapped by different phenocrysts have distinct compositions: olivine-hosted melt inclusions have basalt and basaltic andesite compositions, whereas melt inclusions in clinopyroxene and othopyroxene are mainly dacitic to rhyolitic. Hornblende-hosted melt inclusions have rhyolite composition. The compositions of melt inclusions entrapped by plagioclase are scattered, spanning from andesite to rhyolite. On the basis of the compositional data, we propose a mixing model for the genesis of the andesite, and a two-chamber mechanism to account for the evolution of the andesite. First, andesite melt is generated in the lower chamber by mixing of a basaltic melt derived from the mantle and emplaced in the lower crust with a felsic melt resulting from partial melting of crustal rocks. Olivine and minor plagioclase likely crystallize in the lower magma chamber. Secondly, the andesite melt ascends into the upper chamber where other phenocrysts crystallize. According to SiO₂-MgO diagrams of the MIs, evolution of the andesite in the upper chamber can be subdivided into two distinct stages. The early stage (I) is characterized by a phenocrystal assemblage of clinopyroxene + othopyroxene + plagioclase, whereas the late stage (II) is dominated by crystallization of plagioclase + hornblende.     

Late-Stage Mafic Injection and Thermal Rejuvenation of the Vinalhaven Granite, Coastal Maine

The Vinalhaven intrusive complex consists mainly of coarse-grainedgranite, inward-dipping gabbro–diorite sheets, and a fine-grainedgranite core. Small bodies of porphyry occur throughout thecoarse-grained granite. The largest porphyry body (roughly 0·5km by 2·5 km) occurs with coeval gabbro, hybrid rocks,and minor fine-grained granite in the Vinal Cove complex, whichformed during the waning stages of solidification of the coarse-grainedVinalhaven granite. Porphyry contacts with surrounding coarse-grainedgranite are irregular and gradational. Compositions of wholerocks and minerals in the porphyry and the coarse-grained graniteare nearly identical. Neighboring phenocrysts in the porphyryvary greatly in degree of corrosion and reaction, indicatingthat the porphyry was well stirred. Thermal rejuvenation ofa silicic crystal mush by a basaltic influx can explain thecomposition and texture of the porphyry. Comparable rejuvenationevents have been recognized in recent studies of erupted rocks.Weakly corroded biotite phenocrysts in the porphyry requirethat hydrous interstitial melt existed in the granite duringremelting. Field relations, along with thermal calculations,suggest that cooling and crystallization of coeval mafic magmacould have generated the porphyry by thermal rejuvenation ofgranite crystal-mush containing about 20% melt. Field relationsalso suggest that some of the porphyry matrix may representnew felsic magma that was emplaced during remelting. KEY WORDS: granite; magma chamber; mafic replenishment; rejuvenation     

Stepwise accumulation and ascent of magmas

One of the currently popular theories on magma ascent is that it mainly occurs by propagating hydrofractures (dykes) and that magma viscosity is the primary rate‐controlling factor. This theory is based on mathematical models for single hydrofractures under idealised conditions. We simulated magma ascent with air ascending through gelatine and observed that the air ascended in batches, following paths made by their predecessors. Multiple batches accumulate at obstacles along the path. Although magma viscosity may control ascent rate during movement, obstacles ultimately control the size and average ascent velocity of ascending batches. We propose that step‐wise movement of magma batches is the mechanism of primary accumulation and ascent from the partially molten source rock of a magma to its first emplacement site and therefore the main ascent mechanism for granitic magmas. ‘Classical’ dyking is the mechanism for secondary ascent from a magma chamber.     

河北太行山南段符山杂岩体岩浆作用深部过程及其大地构造意义

华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄过程中,其深部复杂的壳-幔岩浆过程及深部岩浆房系统研究薄弱,岩石圈减薄过程的浅部响应也存在较大争议。本文以华北克拉通中部的邯邢地区符山杂岩体为研究对象,通过详细的野外地质调查、岩相学观察、岩石地球化学分析、锆石年代学和矿物电子探针分析等研究多重岩浆房系统、岩浆深部作用过程和浅部响应。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,符山早期岩套中细粒二长岩的年龄为129 Ma,晚期似斑状岩套的斑状角闪二长岩的年龄为122 Ma。岩相学观察及背散射电子(back scatter electron,BSE)图像显示,符山杂岩体的角闪石和斜长石均具有复杂的环带结构,并通过对它们的晶体生长过程分析和环带成因讨论,表明其具有复杂的生长环境和过程。符山杂岩体的高镁、高钾、高Sr 等地球化学特征和角闪石、斜长石的环带成因证明了深部岩浆在幔源流体的活化作用下发生了强烈的岩浆混合作用和多重岩浆房过程。符山杂岩体早期岩套侵入岩定位深度为7 km,晚期岩套侵入岩定位深度为1.5 km,表明在7 Ma内地壳隆升了5.5 km。符山杂岩体中大部分侵入岩具高Sr、低Y及δEu正异常等地球化学特征,表明它们可能形成于加厚陆壳的部分熔融。这些特征表明晚中生代中国东部高原的存在。