我国农村乡镇基层组织地震应急管理现状及分析

我国农村发生地震的概率要远远大于城市,农村面临的地震危险远远高于城市。农村地震应急管理工作是我国地震应急管理工作的重要组成部分,是切实减轻地震灾害和次生灾害的有效途径。如何做好农村地震应急管理工作,是我国农村乡镇基层组织需要考虑的重要问题。本文系统总结分析了目前我国农村乡镇基层组织地震应急管理工作的现状,存在的问题以及产生问题的原因,最后提出了加强农村乡镇基层组织地震应急管理工作的建议,力图为加强乡镇基层组织的地震应急管理工作提供借鉴。     

基于情景构建的强震后京津冀地区协同应急机制研究

为解决强震破坏范围广带来的跨区域应急救援问题,以京津冀地区为例,基于强震情景构建的方法,开展强震后跨区域协同应急需求、内容、任务、机制、保障措施等研究。假定京津冀交界地区发生7.8级强震,其地震参数与1976年唐山7.8级地震一致,基于人员伤亡、建筑物破坏、道路堵塞等情景分析模型,分析北京、天津、河北等地破坏情况,提出震后京津冀地区跨区域协同应急应对需求与任务,构建了应急协同体系分层模型,从应急指挥、应急通信、救援队伍、转移安置、工程抢险、交通管制、医疗防疫和社会治安协同等方面提出了应急协同机制内容与方法。引入了“目标-行动-反馈-调整”质量管理循环模型,构建了京津冀地区跨区域地震应急协同流程,对强震巨灾现场救援行动进行有效管理,提升跨区域地震救援工作的规范性,并针对性地提出了京津冀地区跨区域协同应急机制建设的保障措施。     

青海省地震应急准备体系建设

地震的发生具有不可预估性,当前及未来相当长的一段时间内的科技水平尚无法准确预测地震的到来。因此,需要尽可能做好相关应急准备,把一切损失降低到最小。从地震应急预案、体制机制、队伍、避难场所、物资准备、督查与演练、宣传及存在的问题与建议等方面对青海省地震应急准备体系建设情况进行分析。     

河源4.8级地震应急处置工作的思考

2012-02-16河源发生4.8级地震,地震发生后,广东省地震局地震现场工作队迅速赶赴现场,进行地震加密观测、震害调查评估、科学考察、新闻宣传、协助当地政府决策等地震现场应急处置工作,通过分析河源4.8级地震应急处置工作中的震前准备、震后应急以及在地震应急工作中遇到的问题,对地震应急处置工作提出改进的建议和未来发展的对策。     

钻孔应变台网记录的汶川地震前异常变化

汶川地震前是否存在观测异常变化?这不仅是地震研究人员关心的问题,更引起了社会的广泛关注.我们的初步分析表明,汶川地震前四分量钻孔应变仪观测到异常变化.需要说明的是,汶川地震震中附近100km范围内没有钻孔应变观测点.     

小应力变化触发大地震的研究

近年来,地震的孕育和发生是否可以用临界现象来模拟的问题引起地震学家的广泛关注.研究这个问题的方法之一是检验小应力变化是否确实触发大地震发生.这种检验必须具备两个条件:第一是作用在地震孕震断层上的小应力变化,第二是选择地震发生需要不同环境应力水平的地震.相同量级的小应力变化对于不同环境应力水平下发生地震的影响如果没有区别,则触发效应不存在;如果有明显差别,则触发效应存在.     

陕西省地震应急预案系统设计

地震等突发性公共事件发生时,应急预案是应急准备的核心内容。预案的展现形式是否直观有效,是预案能否及时准确的为指挥人员提供指导性意见的关键。本文以地震应急预案的结构化研究为基础,从文本结构化和系统集成结构化角度进行分析,建立地震应急预案信息系统,探讨地震应急响应过程中联动服务的实现。     

山西洪洞ML5.0地震应急反应时间序列与启示

以第一手资料按时间顺序记载了2003年11月25日山西省洪洞ML5.0地震发生后,各级地震工作部门对地震应急反应所作出的决定和采取的措施,总结了这次地震应急工作的经验和教训,认为要搞好地震应急工作需要全社会的通力协作方能奏效.     

强震发生的关联性及其在地震危险性分析中的应用

本文以华北地震区为研究区,研究一个大地震的发生对其周围地区强震的发生起什么样的影响?地震免疫性是否存在?这种免疫性在时空域上有什么样的分布图象?研究结果表明,华北地区 M7地震的发生对其后 M6地震的发生有不同程度的免疫性,其中8级地震的免疫范围比7级地震大得多.就8级地震而言,它对其后7级地震免疫的范围要比对6级地震的免疫范围大.根据以上分析,运用统计方法给出了地震免疫性因子随时空的变化规律.并探讨了它在地震危险性分析中的具体应用.     

西藏车载地震现场应急通信系统设计

根据西藏自治区地震局地震应急响应工作发展需要,概要介绍了地震应急指挥车总体设计,对通信系统、中央控制系统、视频会议与语音系统等各工作子系统的主要性能进行了详细阐述。在地震发生后,该系统能有效提高地震部门应对地震灾害和突发公共事件的快速反应能力,辅助相关部门做好地震现场应急救援工作。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.