南沙曾母盆地地质构造特征与油气资源潜力

曾母盆地是南沙海域热点研究区域,为揭示该盆地油气资源潜力,依据曾母盆地地震剖面和钻井等资料,对曾母盆地的构造演化史和烃源岩进行综合分析。曾母盆地主要烃源岩为渐新统和中新统含有机质泥岩,通过排聚系数法对盆地的油气资源量作出估算,得出曾母盆地的油气当量为140.18×108 t,其中位于我国传统疆界内的有99.98×108 t。进一步根据盆地各亚区的构造特征和石油地质条件,将曾母盆地划分为3个不同等级的油气有利勘探区,其中南康台地和西部斜坡2个次级造单元为最有利勘探区。     

莺歌海盆地古新近系烃源条件与有利油气勘探方向

根据莺歌海盆地区域地质背景与古新近系构造沉积演化特征,结合钻井资料和前人烃源岩研究及生烃模拟实验结果,深入研究了不同层位烃源岩尤其是古近系烃源岩地球化学特征,重点剖析了烃源条件及高温高压环境中有机质热演化成烃特点。研究表明,中新统海相陆源烃源岩分布较广泛,其有机质干酪根类型属Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型,处在成熟-高熟大量生气阶段,为盆地浅层及中深层天然气气藏主要烃源岩;始新统及渐新统湖相及煤系亦是盆地重要烃源岩,主要分布在盆地西北部及与琼东南盆地毗邻的东南部,其生源母质类型属偏腐殖型,且处于成熟-高熟/裂解气阶段,具有较大生烃潜力。基于盆地构造沉积演化特点与烃源条件分析,结合近年来天然气勘探成果与有利油气富集区带综合评价,预测盆地临高反转构造带及临高海口-昌化区是勘探古近系烃源供给之油气有利富集区;莺东斜坡以及靠近琼东南盆地1号断裂带附近区域亦是勘探古近系烃源供给之油气的重要勘探领域。同时中深层深部高温超压九大构造圈闭系列则是勘探发现大中型天然气田群建成特大气区的主战场。     

南黄海盆地阜宁组烃源岩地层热压生烃特征

通过生烃模拟获取生烃动力学参数是近年来油气资源评价工作中极为重要的一个环节,利用地层热压生排烃模拟装置对南黄海盆地南二凹陷阜四段烃源岩进行了生烃模拟实验,并拟合了生烃动力学参数。实验及研究结果表明,阜四段烃源岩的生烃演化可分为3个阶段：第1阶段产烃量随温度上升快速增大,以产油为主;第2阶段产烃量随温度上升缓慢增加,为油、气同产;第3阶段产烃量随温度上升快速增大,主要是以生气为主。实验拟合出阜四段烃源岩的生油活化能为228 kJ/mol,生气活化能为280 kJ/mol。与常压—完全开放体系试验、金管-高压釜实验装置的实验结果对比,本次实验南黄海盆地阜四段烃源岩在地层热压条件下出现生油窗滞后现象,烃源岩样品在高成熟演化阶段依然具有较高的液态烃产率。阜四段生油活化能值较高,其内在原因是有机质受到烃源岩孔隙中高压水的“保护”作用以及受生烃空间的影响,延缓了烃源岩的热演化进程。综合前人实验结果分析,有限空间热压生烃模拟实验环境更接近于烃源岩在地层条件下的生烃条件,实验结果对南黄海盆地的油气资源潜力评价及油气勘探方向具有指导意义。     

西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组煤系烃源岩生烃潜力研究

西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组发育海陆过渡相的煤系烃源岩,以生烃潜力为主要依据对煤岩以及暗色泥岩的有机质丰度进行了评价,并建立了相应的评价标准,评价结果显示其有机质丰度均为中等―好,煤岩表现为S1+S2>90 mg/g,HI>100 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A">1.0%;暗色泥岩表现为TOC>1%, S₁+S₂>2 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A">0.05%,总烃"HC">150×10^-6。干酪根元素分析显示煤的干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型,富氢的显微组分含量较高,壳质组中的树脂体、孢子体及角质体含量达到10%～20%,且含有约20%的富氢镜质体,表明煤具有较高的生油潜力;暗色泥岩的富氢显微组分低于煤岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型,以生气为主。根据镜质体反射率Ro以及S₁+S₂/TOC等指标共同确定了平北地区烃源岩的生烃门限(3 100 m)和排烃门限(3 500 m)。热模拟实验显示平湖组煤具有油气共生的特...     

南黄海盆地油气地质特征及其资源潜力再认识

南黄海盆地是中国近海唯一未突破工业性油气流的含油气盆地，其油气潜力目前已成为大家关注的热点，类比周缘勘探程度高，油气地质条件相似的油气盆地反演的油气排聚系数来估算其油气资源潜力，加上与周边国家资料的对比分析，对南黄海盆地的油气资源潜力提出了新的认识，南黄海南部盆地资源潜力优于北部盆地，盆地内部则西部均优于东部。     

孟加拉湾深水盆地油气勘探潜力

孟加拉湾深水盆地位于印度洋东北部,是亚太地区深水油气勘探最有希望的盆地之一。以前人研究成果为基础,结合DSDP 217、218号钻孔资料,对孟加拉湾深水盆地石油地质特征作了初步分析,认为:孟加拉湾深水盆地地层可划分为3个地震层序,垂向上可识别出古印度陆隆和孟加拉扇2期沉积;构造演化与印度板块裂离冈瓦纳大陆过程密不可分;虽然有机质丰度较低,但已进入成熟区;孟加拉扇水下辫状河道砂体为良好的储集体,孟加拉扇中扇是岩性油气藏最有利的勘探区。     

渤海湾盆地潜山油气富集规律与勘探

渤海湾盆地中、古生界或前古生界潜山油气藏非常发育,到目前为止共探明67个油气田（藏）。其油气富集规律①是冀中坳陷富集程度最高,济阳坳陷、辽河坳陷次之,黄骅坳陷、渤中坳陷最低;②是中位序潜山油气田（藏）富集程度最高,低位序次之,高位序、顶位序最低;③是潜山油气田（藏）以断块山圈闭为主,以褶皱山圈闭为辅;最后是潜山油气田（藏）以大、中型为主,以小型为辅。盆地内潜山油气富集原因是“新生古储”的结果,即是古近系多套烃源岩覆盖多位序潜山地层,并经断层、地层不整合通道将极为丰富的烃类运移至不同位序潜山圈闭成藏。指出了多个有利勘探目标,为下一步的潜山油气勘探提供了建议。     

东非裂谷Rukwa盆地石油地质特征与勘探潜力

随着东非裂谷西支Albertine盆地勘探获得突破,使该区成为研究和勘探的热点地区。Rukwa盆地作为东非裂谷系中沉积厚度最大的盆地,勘探程度很低。盆地为半地堑结构,位于Tanganyika-Rukwa-Malawi剪切带上,具有走滑拉分的性质。发育二叠系—三叠系Karoo地层、白垩系—古近系Red Sandstone和上新统—更新统Lake Beds三大套地层,沉积地层总厚度最大可达11 km,且横向变化很大。盆地内发育Karoo煤层或黑色页岩和Lake Beds湖相泥岩2套潜在的烃源岩。盆地东南部地层埋深大,具备较好储盖组合条件,断层发育,圈闭和油气运移条件较好,推测为有利勘探区。烃源是盆地勘探最主要的地质风险。     

环北极深水盆地群油气地质特征及勘探潜力

环北极深水盆地群油气资源丰富,资源量达2 200亿桶油当量,但总体勘探程度较低,是未来深水油气勘探开发重要的战略接替区。对环北极深水盆地群中巴伦支海盆地、东格陵兰盆地、北极斜坡盆地和斯沃特里普盆地4个含油气盆地做了详细调研,得出以下结论:环北极深水区油气主要富集在中生界,本区共发育有三叠系、中—上侏罗统泥页岩2套区域性主力烃源岩和上二叠统、下侏罗统和白垩系泥页岩3套局部主力烃源岩;发育二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系砂岩4套储集岩;发育三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系页岩3套盖层。根据生储盖组合的沉积环境及主力烃源岩及储层所处的构造期次得出本区的主力生储盖组合为裂谷期海生海储海盖型生储盖组合,主要圈闭类型为构造圈闭。     

琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩生烃动力学及生气模式

In order to investigate the hydrocarbon generation process and gas potentials of source rocks in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, kinetic parameters of gas generation(activation energy distribution and frequency factor) of the Yacheng Formation source rocks(coal and neritic mudstones) was determined by thermal simulation experiments in the closed system and the specific KINETICS Software. The results show that the activation energy(Ea) distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 50 to 74 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 2.4×1015 s–1 for the neritic mudstone and the Ea distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 49 to 73 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 8.92×1013 s–1 for the coal. On the basis of these kinetic parameters and combined with the data of sedimentary burial and paleothermal histories, the gas generation model of the Yacheng Formation source rocks closer to geological condition was worked out, indicating its main gas generation stage at Ro(vitrinite reflectance) of 1.25%–2.8%. Meanwhile, the gas generation process of the source rocks of different structural locations(central part, southern slope and south low uplift) in the Lingshui Sag was simulated. Among them, the gas generation of the Yacheng Formation source rocks in the central part and the southern slope of the sag entered the main gas window at 10 and 5 Ma respectively and the peak gas generation in the southern slope occurred at 3 Ma. The very late peak gas generation and the relatively large gas potential indices(GPI:20×108–60×108 m3/km2) would provide favorable conditions for the accumulation of large natural gas reserves in the deepwater area.     

Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation modeling of the Jurassic source rocks in the Shoushan Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt

The Shoushan Basin is an important hydrocarbon province in the Western Desert, Egypt, but the origin of the hydrocarbons is not fully understood. In this study, organic matter content, type and maturity of the Jurassic source rocks exposed in the Shoushan Basin have been evaluated and integrated with the results of basin modeling to improve our understanding of burial history and timing of hydrocarbon generation. The Jurassic source rock succession comprises the Ras Qattara and Khatatba Formations, which are composed mainly of shales and sandstones with coal seams. The TOC contents are high and reached a maximum up to 50%. The TOC values of the Ras Qattara Formation range from 2 to 54 wt.%, while Khatatba Formation has TOC values in the range 1-47 wt.%. The Ras Qattara and Khatatba Formations have HI values ranging from 90 to 261 mgHC/gTOC, suggesting Types II-III and III kerogen. Vitrinite reflectance values range between 0.79 and 1.12 VRr %. Rock−Eval T_max values in the range 438-458 °C indicate a thermal maturity level sufficient for hydrocarbon generation. Thermal and burial history models indicate that the Jurassic source rocks entered the mature to late mature stage for hydrocarbon generation in the Late Cretaceous to Tertiary. Hydrocarbon generation began in the Late Cretaceous and maximum rates of oil with significant gas have been generated during the early Tertiary (Paleogene). The peak gas generation occurred during the late Tertiary (Neogene).     

东海陆架盆地东南部白垩系油气成藏条件

目前东海陆架盆地的勘探形势良好,在新生界陆续发现多个油气田,但在盆地中生界尚未有大的勘探突破。为提高油气勘探效率,利用含油气系统的理论与方法对研究区白垩系油气成藏要素及成藏作用进行了分析,总结出了研究区油气成藏模式。结果表明：研究区白垩系烃源岩主要发育在基隆凹陷,岩性推测为海湾相暗色泥岩,有机质丰度高,类型好;储层主要为中―新生代砂岩,储集空间主要为原生孔隙和次生裂缝,白垩系砂岩整体为中孔中渗储层,新生界储集性能较好,并以始新统平湖组和渐新统花港组砂岩最为重要;中新生代盖层主要为泥岩,发育两套生储盖组合;受构造演化所控制,基隆凹陷可能经历了白垩纪晚期、古近纪、新近纪―至今3次生烃,其他地区只经历了后两次生烃;油气主要是通过优势输导砂体、不整合面、断裂和裂缝所组成的输导体系向周围圈闭运移;东海陆架东南部白垩系油气主要存在3种油气藏类型。本次研究结果可以为东海陆架盆地东南部白垩系的油气资源评估提供依据。     

Impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks: A case study of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin

The discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, the largest integrated condensate gas field in the eastern China in 2018, opened up a new field for the natural gas exploration deep strata in the Bohai Bay Basin, demonstrating there is a great potential for natural gas exploration in oil-type basins. The ethane isotope of the Bozhong 19-6 condensate gas is heavy, showing the characteristics of partial humic gas. In this paper, aimed at the source rocks of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin, the characteristics of the source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt were clarified and the reason are explained from impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks why the condensate oil and gas had heavy carbon isotope and why it showed partial humic characteristics was explored based on the research of parent materials. The following conclusions were obtained: The paleontology of the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt and its surrounding sub-sags is dominated by higher plants, such as angiosperm and gymnosperm. During the formation of source rocks, under the intensive transformation of microorganism, the original sedimentary organic matter such as higher plants was degraded and transformed by defunctionalization. Especially, the transformation of anaerobic microorganisms on source rocks causes the degradation and defunctionalization of a large number of humic products such as higher plants and the increase of hydrogen content. The degradation and transformation of microorganism don’t transform the terrestrial humic organic matter into newly formed “sapropel” hydrocarbons, the source rocks are mixed partial humic source rocks. As a result, hydrogen content incrased and the quality of source rocks was improved, forming the partial humic source rocks dominated by humic amorphous bodies. The partial humic source rocks are the main source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, and it is also the internal reason why the isotope of natural gas is heavy.     

西湖凹陷平北地区烃源岩特征及生排烃史

为了综合确定平北地区的主力烃源岩,深化其油气成藏动力学过程研究,在烃源岩分布特征及有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,应用舍油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史。研究表明,平北地区主要发育始新统平湖组、渐新统花港组两套烃源岩系,其中平湖组暗色泥岩为主力烃源岩,具较高的有机质丰度、成熟度、生排烃强度与排烃效率;以平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区上古生界源岩热演化特征

鄂尔多斯盆地北部主力气源岩太原组、山西组煤系地层热成熟史的研究对本区天然气充注过程和有利目标区预测具有重要的参考价值。在对研究区烃源岩评价和一维、二维地质建模研究的基础上。利用BasinMod盆地模拟软件对单井以及研究区内二维剖面、平面进行了煤系烃源岩热演化史模拟研究。研究结果表明：（1）该区在中三叠世进入生烃门限,中侏罗世以后,烃源岩持续埋深,早白垩世末期至最大埋深（4000m左右）,绝大多数的天然气都在这一阶段生成,早白垩世末构造抬升以后只有少量天然气生成;（2）研究区上古生界太原组和山西组煤系源岩最大累积生烃强度可达到2200×10^8m^3／km^2,对现今天然气的分布具有较强的控制作用。     

Basin modeling of the Late Miocene Zeit source rock in the Sudanese portion of Red Sea Basin: Implication for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history

The Late Miocene Zeit Formation is exposed in the Red Sea Basin of Sudan and represents an important oil-source rock. In this study, five (5) exploratory wells along Red Sea Basin of Sudan are used to model the petroleum generation and expulsion history of the Zeit Formation. Burial/thermal models illustrate that the Red Sea is an extensional rift basin and initially developed during the Late Eocene to Oligocene. Heat flow models show that the present-day heat flow values in the area are between 60 and 109 mW/m². The variation in values of the heat flow can be linked to the raise in the geothermal gradient from margins of the basin towards offshore basin. The offshore basin is an axial area with thick burial depth, which is the principal heat flow source.The paleo-heat flow values of the basin are approximately from 95 to 260 mW/m², increased from Oligocene to Early Pliocene and then decreased exponentially prior to Late Pliocene. This high paleo-heat flow had a considerable effect on the source rock maturation and cooking of the organic matter. The maturity history models indicate that the Zeit Formation source rock passed the late oil-window and converted the oil generated to gas during the Late Miocene.The basin models also indicate that the petroleum was expelled from the Zeit source rock during the Late Miocene (>7 Ma) and it continues to present-day, with transformation ratio of more than 50%. Therefore, the Zeit Formation acts as an effective source rock where significant amounts of petroleum are expected to be generated in the Red Sea Basin.     

东非鲁伍马盆地深水沉积体系及油气勘探意义

利用高分辨率三维地震资料、测井和钻井数据,对东非鲁伍马盆地深水沉积特征进行了系统刻画.根据深水沉积体的地震相特征,识别出峡谷、水道、漫溢沉积、朵体、块体搬运沉积(MTDs)和凝缩段等深水沉积单元,建立了地震识别图版.分析总结了水道和朵体的岩性特征、电性特征和储层物性特征,砂岩具有低伽马(GR)和高电阻(RT)特征,厚层...     

A new possible giant hydrocarbon generated formation: The Upper Triassic source rock in Southwestern Junggar Basin,NW China

The Triassic formation is a possible new giant hydrocarbon generated formation in Northwest China and Mid-Asia. Taking the Upper Triassic formation in the Sikeshu Sag in Junggar Basin as an example, based on the comprehensive analysis on the geochemical characteristics of the cores and the dark mudstone of the outcrops and reservoir formation conditions, we have evaluated the Upper Triassic source rocks by comparing with those in the Ulungu Depression, and reached the following findings. Firstly, the Upper Triassic formation is mainly composed of dark mudstone and sandy mudstone deposits, and the hydrocarbon source rock is mainly distributed in the middle and upper parts with a thickness range of 100–150 m and area of 3500 km². Secondly, the source rock, moderate in organic matter abundance (with TOC range of 1%–3%), has the material basis for hydrocarbon generation. Thirdly, the organic matter has high percentage of sapropelinite, and is dominated by type II₂. Fourthly, the degree of the thermal evolution is moderate, and the source rock with R_o higher than 0.7% has a distribution area of about 1800 km², providing the conditions of massive hydrocarbon generation. Fifthly, the source rock has great burial depth and wide distribution; the source rock with a R_o of higher than 0.7% and thickness of more than 100 m has an area of around 1400 km², implying huge resource potential. Sixthly, the next step exploration should focus on highly mature hydrocarbon generation central area in the Upper Triassic - Lower Jurassic in the east of the sag to search for and confirm favorable traps. The research findings have important reference value for promoting the resource status of, deepening the understanding of reservoir formation, and clarifying the exploration direction in the Sikeshu Sag and other periphery Mid-Asia areas.     

南大西洋两岸盆地海相烃源岩特征与控制因素

南大西洋两岸盆地漂移期层系油气资源十分丰富,通过对两岸重点盆地漂移期主力烃源岩发育层位、生烃潜力、识别特征和分布范围对比分析,明确两岸发育早、晚两套主力海相烃源岩。其中,晚期的赛诺曼—土仑阶海相烃源岩分布范围较广。整体上,两岸北段和赤道段盆地漂移期主力烃源岩地化指标优于中段和南段盆地,西非一侧海域盆地烃源岩地化指标优于南美一侧盆地。在对重点钻井的矿物元素化验分析、沉积相和古地理分析基础之上,总结了局限海湾的古地理背景和沉积相带类型控制优质海相烃源岩发育程度和分布范围的规律,并进一步指出南大西洋两岸北段和赤道段盆地漂移期成熟生烃灶平面分布范围内的深水沉积砂体是主要有利勘探方向,以找油为主,中段含盐盆地内紧邻盐微盆的漂移期深水沉积砂体勘探潜力次之。