关于地下实验室分类的讨论

论述了现有的地下实验室的分类,对普通地下实验室与特定场址地下实验室的主要特征进行了对比分析,论述了各国地下实验室的研究概况,对特定场址地下实验室的概念进行了讨论。鉴于在现行的地下实验室分类中,对特定场址地下实验室的定义似乎界定过宽,因为有些该类型的地下实验室,缺乏明确的历史定位,最终没有起到特定场址地下实验室应起的作用。笔者建议,只有建在经本国政府批准的最终处置库场址上的地下实验室,才可称作为特定场址地下实验室,如美国的WIPP和ESF以及芬兰的ONKALO。因为只有这类地下实验室,才能真正起到论证处置库场址适宜性和高放废物处置方案可行性的作用。     

海底地下水排泄研究回顾与进展

海底地下水排泄是全球水循环的重要组成部分,是近岸、滩涂和河口地区典型而重要的海水—地下水相互作用过程。作为全球水循环的重要组成部分,海底地下水排泄是海洋中水和各种化学物质的重要来源之一,同时也是各种污染物从陆地向海洋输送的一个重要而隐蔽的通道。综述了海底地下水排泄(SGD)的研究现状与进展,对海底地下水排泄的过程、研究方法、研究分布以及环境意义等方面进行了详细介绍,指出了目前研究存在的不足和需要努力的方向,从而为我国开展大规模海底地下水排泄研究提供了一定的思路。     

TOSCANA applied to thesaurus research

There is an immense number of publications and measurement data in atmospheric ozone and water vapor research. Even for the expert it is impossible to keep all current results of research in view. Hence there is a need for an information sytem which enables the user to find documents and corresponding measurement data accurately. The purpose of this research is to construct a prototype retrieval system using methods of conceptual knowledge processing and the sofware TOSCANA. For this purpose a vocabulary for atmosphere research was built from the DFD ozone thesaurus. Furthermore, conceptual hierarchies and topics were developed by experts.     

A review of fluid flow and heat transfer in the CO2-EGS

Carbon dioxide enhanced geothermal system (CO2-EGS) now is an emerging research field that is attracting an increasing research interest with broad application prospects based on its low-carbon, economical and renewable features. The fluid flow and heat transfer is the core of CO2-EGS research. In this paper, further research focus is pointed out after summarizing the latest research progress in this field based on the explanation and the advantages of CO2-EGS development process in the hope of providing reference for researchers engaged in this field.     

生态地球化学调查在草莓种植区环境评价中的应用

生态地球化学调查是一项正在兴起的学科,目前主要在环境、农业、土地资源评价等领域中得到应用.本文就地球化学调查在特色农产品种植区环境和种植适宜性评价方面的应用做了初步探讨,对安徽省某草莓种植区的土壤环境质量、土壤条件、种植适宜性进行了评价和种植区规划.     

C.H.矿区井中原生晕的研究

井中原生晕是深部找矿的一种有效化探方法,它不仅可以为找矿提供信息,而且能对研究矿床的成因及其空间赋存状态提供地球化学方面的依据。本文介绍了C．H．矿区井中原生晕的研究方法及其深部再找矿成果。     

重力取样器取样技术研究

在湖泊环境研究中，淤泥质沉积物取样是一项很重要的工作，样品的取心率和原状性直接影响了环境研究的结果。重力取样器是获取湖泊、水库等水域浅层湖泊沉积物的一种经济有效、操作简单的常用工具。因此研究重力取样器的取样技术对环境研究具有积极的意义。研究了重力取样器的取样技术，并在此基础上成功设计了一种便携式的重力式取样器，非常适合环境研究机构的沉积物取样工作。     

Research Methodology of Martian Aeolian Geomorphology

Martian exploration is the focus and hot topic of deep space exploration, and China implemented the first Martian exploration Program in 2020. Aeolian process is the most extensive and active landform process on the surface of Mars, and has been an important part of Martian research. Sustainable development of Martian aeolian geomorphology research requires the support of theoretical system and research methodology, and research methodology is a key issue when field observations are impossible. We analyzed the research methods of Martian aeolian geomorphology from three aspects: methodology, approach, and application of modern technology. Methodology must focus on the dialectical unity of induction and deduction, reductionism and holism. Research approach includes exploration and numerical simulation, and Mars-like aeolian geomorphology study on Earth is also a common approach. Taking full advantage of remote sensing observations and detection technologies is an important basis for the development of Martian aeolian research. Simulation experiments have been an important part of aeolian geomorphology research. Since the 1980s, the United States, Europe, and Japan have successively built Martian wind tunnels to study various aircrafts in Martian atmosphere. In the absence of field observation, wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation play an important role in studying the evolution and formation process of aeolian landform and the Martian environment.     

原型处置库

论述高放废物地质处置研究中的原型处置库的概念、建造目的和研究的主要内容,以及它在处置库系统性能评价中的作用。原型处置库的研究工作,可以在普通地下实验室中进行（如瑞典的魧sp觟地下实验室）,也可以在特定场址地下实验室中进行（如美国尤卡山的ESF坑道）,它是以往20多年前地下实验室研究中演示阶段的扩展和延伸,是高放废物地质处置研究中最终确认处置库场址的一个必不可少的研究步骤,同时也为处置库地下工程的详细设计提供最接近于当地建库实际的各类技术参数。     

强震区震后地质灾害长期活动性研究综述

地震通过改变地表岩体的物理力学性质而使得震区滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害显著增强的现象在震后持续相当长的一段时间。在研究分析国内外学者对地震地质灾害研究成果的基础上,系统总结了目前在地震诱发地质灾害的发育分布规律及其演化趋势方面的研究方法及成果,探讨了研究中存在的问题及薄弱环节,并对未来的研究方向及趋势进行了展望。研究认为目前国内外对地震地质灾害长期活动性的研究还没有形成体系,尚缺乏有效的研究方法与技术,并且研究成果存在较大差异性。地震扰动区地质灾害长期活动性研究可为震后地质灾害的长期防灾减灾和风险管控提供科学支持,也能对地震地质灾害相关问题的进一步深入研究提供参考。     

国内外对活断层的研究综述

从20世纪初提出活断层这一地质术语至今,一直被人们所研究。对活断层进行科学的评价和合理的分析对于工程建设和城市规划等有着重要的现实意义。本文就国内外活断层的研究现状进行了阐述,为活断层的进一步研究实现其定量化研究奠定基础。     

DOI for geoscience data - how early practices shape present perceptions

The first minting of Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) for research data happened in 2004 in the context of the project “Publication and citation of primary scientific data” (STD-DOI). Some of the concepts and perceptions about DOI for data today have their roots in the way this project implemented DOI for research data and the decisions made in those early days still shape the discussion about the use of persistent identifiers for research data today. This project also laid the foundation for a tighter integration of journal publications and data. Promoted by early adopters, such as PANGAEA, DOI registration for data has reached a high level of maturity and has become an integral part of scientific publishing. This paper discusses the fundamental concepts applied in the identification of DOI for research data and how these can be interpreted for alternative and future applications of persistent identifiers for research data.     

粤北企岭花岗岩的地球化学特征与成因研究

企岭花岗岩位于粤北诸广山岩体南部的东、西两侧的结合部位,岩性为中粒黑云母花岗岩。元素和同位素地球化学研究表明,企岭花岗岩的主量元素特征是富硅(SiO_2平均为72.24%)、富铝(ACNK值平均为1.08)、钾大于钠(K_2O/Na_2O比值平均为1.86);微量元素特征是富集大离子元素Rb、Th、U和亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti;稀土元素特征是总量较高,配分模式呈右倾型,Eu亏损明显(δEu平均为0.28);同位素特征是ε_(Nd)(t)值低(-10.3~-12.0)、[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]i值较高(0.71387~0.72232)和Nd模式年龄古老(1782~1918Ma);源区成分以砂质岩为主。上述特征十分相似于南岭地区的S型花岗岩。由此可知,企岭花岗岩是在太平洋板块俯冲导致先存的大东山—诸广山断裂带重新复活的构造背景下,由古老地壳组分通过部分熔融的方式形成。     

Reflecting on the risks and ethical dilemmas of digital research

As technology continues to evolve, digital methods are increasingly becoming key components of social and cultural geographers’ research toolkits. This paper explores the risky and uncertain dimensions of digital research by reflecting on an adverse ethical event which occurred in research involving young people and online dialogic diaries. Assemblage thinking is used to conceptually frame the data leakage event, the subsequent disruption of confidentiality, and the wide-ranging affects and effects that followed. Three particular issues which are critical for researchers working with digital methodologies to consider are highlighted: the ethical implications of procedural disruption, institutional responses within the neoliberal university, and researcher wellbeing. We conclude by advocating for researchers to continue to push boundaries with digital research but suggest that this needs to be undertaken in an informed way that takes account of the immanent potential for digital disruption.     

Recent progress in X-ray CT as a geosciences tool

For many years X-ray computed tomography has been widely used as a medical diagnostical tool. This non-destructive technique was soon found to be very useful in rock material research. In the 1970s CT was introduced in material research while in the 1990s, micro-CT became an important non-destructive research technique. Presently nano-CT is being developed creating even more possibilities for the 3D visualization of small objects. In this paper CT, micro-CT and nano-CT are specified and discussed. Several applications illustrate the possibilities, specific advantages and limitations of each instrument. As with every technique some restrictions occur, but X-ray CT is found to be an emerging non-destructive analytical technique with many possibilities in material research.     

Review: Deep groundwater research with focus on Germany

While research focuses mainly on the intensively used shallower aquifers, only a little research has addressed groundwater movement in deeper aquifers. This is mainly because of the negligible relevance of deep groundwater for daily usage and the great efforts and high costs associated with its access. In the last few decades, the discussion about deep geological final repositories for radioactive waste has generated strong demand for the investigation and characterization of deep-lying aquifers. Other utilizations of the deeper underground have been added to the discussion: the use of geothermal energy, potential CO₂ storage, and sources of potable water as an alternative to the geogenic or anthropogenic contaminated shallow aquifers. As a consequence, the fast growing requirement for knowledge and understanding of these dynamic systems has spurred the research on deep groundwater systems and accordingly the development of suitable test methods, which currently show considerable limitations. This review provides an overview of the history of deep groundwater research. Deep groundwater flow and research in the main hydrogeological units is presented based on six projects and the methods used. The study focuses on Germany and two other locations in Europe.     

21世纪工程地质学生长点：土体微结构力学

本文认为土体结构对其工程性质有重要制约作用,土的结构性模型的建立已成为当代土力学前沿性课题。提出的“微结构力学”理论与方法体系的建立,将为土体工程地质研究开辟崭新的研究领域和工作空间。文中,作者对“微结构力学”的概念及其研究内容、近期和远期研究课题进行了分析,并提供了开展本项研究工作的技术路线建议。     

钻进取样试验用模拟月壤

[摘 要]钻具在月壤中进行钻进取样,是一个钻具与月壤相互作用的过程。为获得可靠的月壤钻具,在其研制过程中应在月壤里进行钻进试验。但地球上的真实月壤很珍贵,难以满足钻进试验的需要。采用能够较好地模拟真实月壤主要物理力学特性的模拟月壤,代替真实月壤进行钻进取样试验,是月壤钻具研制的一个必要手段。国外已对月壤进行了大量的研究,并取得了丰富的成果。本文在对真实月壤以及模拟月壤研究进行总结的基础上,对月壤钻具研制中所需的模拟月壤进行了简要的阐述,可供月壤钻具研制参考。     

沉积物中PCBs分析测定与迁移转化研究进展

多氯联苯(PCBs)是一种具有亲脂性、低水溶性、高稳定性和高生物富集性等特性的持久性有机污染物(POPs),而沉积物作为疏水性有机污染物(HOCs)的重要地质宿体,PCBs在POPs中发生的环境过程是研究的热点。本文综述国内外近几年来沉积物中PCBs分析测定以及迁移转化的研究动态,并对今后PCBs污染的生物修复研究提出了自己的见解。     

地下水硝酸盐污染与治理研究进展综述

地下水的硝酸盐污染是全球所面临的一个日益严重的问题,对硝酸盐污染的地下水修复技术的研究也自然成为近年来国内外学者研究的热点。就地下水硝酸盐污染的机理和途径、对人体及其它生物的危害以及修复技术等方面作了详细介绍,另外,就地下水硝酸盐污染的治理引用了工程实际加以说明。最后指出了未来地下水硝酸盐污染治理研究的方向。