空间太阳望远镜1m主镜支撑结构的研究

本文对正在预研中的空间太阳望远镜的关键部件之一1m主镜，提出一种合理的支撑结构系统，此系统可以兼顾空间太阳望远镜光学系统的地面装校调试的有效性和火箭发射力学环境中的安全性以及入轨后正常观测时的高精度性。     

空间太阳望远镜中1-bit图像相关器的实现

两维图像相关跟踪是空间太阳望远镜(SST)主光学望远镜系统达到0.1″分辨率的关键之一。本文提出了采用1-bit相关算法来实现图像快速相关运算,并设计出了基于FPGA DSP架构的相关器硬件结构。25MHz下32×32点图像相关运算在XCV800芯片上实现仅需0.33ms,而硬件规模仅为基于FFT相关器(12-bit数据)的1/9。     

有限元分析技术在空间太阳望远镜结构设计中的应用

有限元分析技术是现代工程领域中进行结构分析的一种数值方法，已经广泛应用于天文仪器设计。它可使设计者了解被设计对象相应的特性，发现强度或刚度等方面的薄弱点，从而改进和优化设计。以空间太阳望远镜主桁架和主镜室的设计为例，从几何建模、单元划分入手，对静力学分析、模态分析、动态响应和热分析等各方面在空间太阳望远镜设计中的应用进行了阐述；分析了有限元分析存在的误差、产生的原因以及如何减少误差；叙述了有限元分析技术应用于天文仪器尤其是空间天文仪器的发展趋势。     

哈勃空间望远镜及其最新的科学成果

提起太空中的天文望远镜,大部分人首先想到的无疑是“哈勃空间望远镜”（Hubble Space Telescope。简称“哈勃”,图1）。在公众看来,这个迄今为止最著名的空间科学设备业已成为空间天文学的代名词。     

1 m红外太阳望远镜狭缝扫描控制系统的分析

1m红外太阳望远镜是地平式望远镜,其工作视场是3'×3'.为了得到像斑的二维光谱,需要做狭缝扫描.本文介绍了狭缝扫描控制系统的整体结构,根据望远镜的光路系统进行数学分析,说明了狭缝扫描控制系统的可行性,并指出了一些参数对系统的影响.     

太阳望远镜的历史与今天（上）

2010年,太阳经历了几年活动极小年的沉寂后,日面开始逐个出现黑子。并伴随有耀斑爆发及日冕物质抛射现象,这标志着太阳进入了新的24周活动年。在未来的活动峰年里,太阳会有频繁剧烈的爆发活动吗？这些活动将对空间环境和地球造成怎样的影响呢？世界各地的科学家们正在用地面及空间太阳望远镜从不同角度、不同波段密切监视着太阳……     

空间硬X射线望远镜HAPI-1及其对蟹状星云脉冲星的观测

HAPI-1是我国第一个用于空间高能天文观测的硬X射线望远镜系统,由面积145cm~2厚0.5cm的CsI(T1)主探测晶体及其下部厚5cm的NaI(T1)反符合晶体构成复合晶体探测器,采用脉冲形状甄别技术区分两种晶体的输出信号,多种物质构成的夹层式屏蔽筒和准直器使望远镜具有约4°视场角(HWHM),电子学、姿态控制和数据获取系统使望远镜具有对20—200keV能区高能光子到达时刻和能量进行空间定向观测的能力。本文介绍HAPI-1的构成和主要性能,以及1984年5月利用该望远镜在我国高空科学气球上对蟹状星云脉冲星的观测结果。     

红外天文观测中望远镜副镜的一种新调制方法

本文介绍一种称作三位调制的望远镜副镜调制新方法。在用望远镜作L和M波段的红外天文观测时,采用这种新调制方法,在一定条件下可以替代望远镜所做的双束转换运动而获得令人满意的结果。对于控制功能不是很强的望远镜,或者进行一些不允许望远镜摆动的特殊观测(如红外偏振测量),这种方法极为有用。本文介绍了这种新调制方法原理和电路,并且使用1.2米红外望远镜比较了用这种新调制方法和用通常的副镜二位调制方法对一组红外标准星的测量结果:在J和K波段;两种方法的结果大体相同,在L波段,新调制方法显示出明显的优越性。     

空间太阳望远镜中相关跟踪器计算单元设计

空间太阳望远镜的主光学望远镜具有1m口径,在设计上空间分辨率达到0.1″的衍射极限. 利用相关跟踪器可以稳定图像输出,使望远镜在长时间曝光下仍能保持高分辨率.国内外开展相关跟踪技术的研究很多,但由于软硬件条件的局限,无法获得高速的相关处理器,使得闭环系统的误差带宽局限于30Hz左右,本文介绍一种基于FPGA的快速相关处理器,使得闭环系统延迟在0.3ms以内, 可以实现理论上的100Hz的闭环带宽,满足了空间太阳望远镜的系统需求.     

太阳光谱望远镜仪器轮廓的测定

报告了太阳光谱望远镜的仪器轮廓的测定方法,用He-Ne单膜激光器测定仪器轮廓,得到半宽为0.049,轮廓对称,理论计算仪器轮廓半宽为0.043,说明仪器设计制造和光学调整是成功的。     

Photometric mapping of Asteroid (4) Vesta’s southern hemisphere with Hubble Space Telescope

We present the surface mapping of the southern hemisphere of Asteroid (4) Vesta obtained from Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From 105 images of Vesta through four filters in the wavelengths best to characterize the 1-μm pyroxene band, we constructed albedo and color-ratio maps of Vesta. These new maps cover latitudes −50° to +20°. The southern hemisphere of Vesta displays more diverse albedo and color features than the northern hemisphere, with about 15 new albedo and color features identified. The overall longitudinal albedo and color variations in the southern hemisphere are comparable with that of the northern hemisphere, with a range of about ±20% and ±10%, respectively. The eastern hemisphere is brighter and displays more diogenitic minerals than the western hemisphere. Correlations between 1-μm band depth and band width, as well as between 1-μm band depth and albedo, are present on a global scale, attributed to pyroxene composition variations. The lack of correlations between albedo and the spectral slope indicates the absence of globalized space weathering. The lack of a global correlation between 1-μm band depth and topography suggests that the surface composition of Vesta is not completely controlled by a single impact. The distribution of compositional variation on Vesta suggests a possible large impact basin. Evidence of space weathering is found in regions, including the bright rim of the south-pole crater where the steepest gravitational slope on Vesta is, and a dark area near a gravitationally flat area. We propose to divide the surface of Vesta into six geological units different from the background according to their 1-μm absorption features and spectral slopes, including two eucrite-rich units, a low-Ca eucrite unit, a diogenite-rich unit, a space weathered unit, and a freshly exposed unit. No evidence of olivine-rich area is present in these data.     

太阳光谱望远镜鬼线强度测量方法及初步结果

介绍了云台太阳光谱望远镜光栅鬼线强度测量方法。给出了２ 级光谱罗兰鬼线强度的初步测量结果, 为母线强度的０ ．０４９ ％ 。结果表明光栅的质量优良, 鬼线对光谱测量的影响非常小, 一般情况下在光谱资料处理中可以不必考虑鬼线强度的改正     

An analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Coarse Track mode

There are two guiding modes of the Hubble Space Telescope used for the acquisition of astronomical data by one of its six scientific instruments. The nominally more precise one is called Fine Lock and the other is known as Coarse Track. Two of the three Fine Guidance Sensors are locked onto Guide Stars, in one of these two modes, thus maintaining the spacecraft's line of sight to a few milli-arc seconds (nominally 7 milli-arc seconds for Fine Lock and 17 milli-arc seconds for Coarse Track). In this paper I report on the most realistic and extensive simulations to date of the Coarse Track guidance mode. These simulations clearly show that the precision of Coarse Track is influenced by one adjustable parameter and that for default operating conditions its precision is 12 milli-arc seconds. A factor of two improvement should be possible by modifying the key parameter which governs the precision of Coarse Track. The importance of this for the scientific mission on the Hubble Space Telescope is that the use of Coarse Track in place of Fine Lock will result in a 1/3 reduction of engineering overhead per scientific target acquisition.See text for a full explanation.     

Image Stabilization System for Hinode (Solar-B) Solar Optical Telescope

The Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) is the first space-borne visible-light telescope that enables us to observe magnetic-field dynamics in the solar lower atmosphere with 0.2 – 0.3 arcsec spatial resolution under extremely stable (seeing-free) conditions. To achieve precise measurements of the polarization with diffraction-limited images, stable pointing of the telescope (<0.09 arcsec, 3σ) is required for solar images exposed on the focal plane CCD detectors. SOT has an image stabilization system that uses image displacements calculated from correlation tracking of solar granules to control a piezo-driven tip-tilt mirror. The system minimizes the motions of images for frequencies lower than 14 Hz while the satellite and telescope structural design damps microvibration in higher frequency ranges. It has been confirmed from the data taken on orbit that the remaining jitter is less than 0.03 arcsec (3σ) on the Sun. This excellent performance makes a major contribution to successful precise polarimetric measurements with 0.2 – 0.3 arcsec resolution. K. Kobayashi now at NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.     

1米太阳望远镜液压监控系统

1m太阳望远镜的方位驱动控制系统采用液压轴承,液压系统正常工作时望远镜才能实现平稳旋转。可通过油压、油温监测液压系统的工作状态。针对原有液压系统不能提供其工作状态实时监测和自动化程度较低的缺陷,设计了液压监控系统并将其集成到望远镜控制系统中,可实现油压油温数据采集、油压异常报警、油泵自动启停等功能,保证液压轴承的安全运转。介绍了该监控系统的结构和工作原理,阐述了油压、油温数据采集系统的软硬件实现并给出了相应的实验数据和运行结果。理论分析和实验结果表明系统工作正常,数据采集速度快、分辨率高,精度可满足要求,能长期稳定运行。     

平场数据采集间隔对莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜平场精度的影响分析

莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜(LST)是先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S)卫星的载荷之一,它包括白光太阳望远镜(WST),全日面太阳成像仪(SDI)和日冕仪(SCI)等仪器. 1991年Kuhn, Lin和Loranz提出的方法(简称KLL方法)是WST和SDI在轨平场定标的方法之一.为了研究WST和SDI的平场定标精度对KLL方法的相邻位置时间间隔的敏感性,使用太阳动力学观测卫星(SDO)的日震和磁成像仪(HMI)及太阳大气成像仪(AIA)的全日面成像观测数据测试和分析在使用KLL方法时相邻位置时间间隔对所得平场精度的影响.结果显示在LST使用KLL方法进行平场定标时,相邻位置时间间隔越短越好.具体分析表明,WST平场精度对相邻位置采样时间间隔不敏感,而SDI时间间隔需要在240 s范围内.分析结果对卫星姿态调整到稳定所需的时间给出了一定限制.     

太阳微波爆发中精细结构的统计研究

本文总结了北京天文台1991年的2840MHz波段微波爆发中精细结构（FS）事件的观测．从FS的时间标度、强度、共生的微波爆发的峰值流量、FS发生在微波爆发的相位和FS与Hα耀斑的关系等方面作了统计分析．发现约67％以上的FS其持续时间为几十毫秒到几百毫秒，85％以上的FS幅度小于200sfu．讨论了FS的时标、强度及22周太阳峰年期与21周FS出现率的差别．