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1.
海底有缆在线观测系统研究与应用综述 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
获取高质量海洋观测数据是维护国家安全和权益、保障人类生存与可持续发展、应对全球气候变化、开发利用海洋资源、防灾减灾等的重要基础。随着海底观测技术的发展,海底有缆观测已成为地球观测的第三个平台。通过借鉴国内外海底观测网的成熟技术,设计研发单节点海底有缆在线观测系统,主要包含海底观测、电力信息传输和陆上人机交互信息管理等三个子系统,具有高度可扩展性,可根据监测需求集成安装常用的各类海洋观测仪器和水下高清摄像头,从而实现海洋环境和水下生物资源的原位、长期、连续、稳定的在线观测。研发的海底有缆在线观测系统构造简单、扩展性强、经济成本低,已广泛应用于山东省海洋牧场观测网的海洋生态环境和渔业资源、辽东湾的冬季海冰、海洋牧场与海上风电的融合效应、河流入海口水质、海上溢油等不同领域的业务化监测中,为我国海洋生态环境保护与修复、海洋资源开发利用、海洋防灾减灾等提供了高质量的科学数据支撑。海底有缆在线观测系统是业务化海洋在线观测技术领域里的创新研究,具有重要科学意义和广泛应用前景。 相似文献
2.
A. S. Gritsun 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(6):748-756
Fluctuation-dissipation relations make it possible to connect the response operators of system statistical characteristics
to small external perturbations with the statistical characteristics of the unperturbed system (providing statistical stationary
of the system). This gives a possibility to estimate the sensitivity of the system directly from modeling or observational
data. The problem becomes much more complex if the right hand side of the system contains a component periodically dependent
on time (as applied to the problems of modeling the atmosphere, this corresponds to the annual cycle regime experiments).
Recently obtained generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations (see Majda and Wang, 2010 [11]) allow (at least theoretically)
to construct response operators in the former case as well. In this work we formulate the algorithm for constructing an approximate
response operator and test it numerically on the example of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CAM3 atmospheric
general circulation model. 相似文献
3.
Appell G.F. Mero T.N. Bethem T.D. French G.W. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(2):149-157
A port information system was developed for Tampa Bay, FL, that provides data in real time. Current, water level, and weather systems measure various parameters from around the bay and report at 6-min intervals via a packet-modern-controlled telemetry system. A central receiving station and data acquisition system process the data and make it available in various formats. A voice data response system provides immediate access to the data via touchtone telephone. A voice processor is used to compose phrases that provide a user with environmental information based on the selection made from the voice menu. The design and development of all aspects of the system are described. This system has proven to be a valuable asset to the local and regional marine community, providing information for safe navigation, oil spills, search and rescue, fishing, and existing weather conditions 相似文献
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M. S. Permyakov V. I. Semykin N. P. Malikova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2018,54(5):423-429
The generalized two-dimensional vortex equation is derived for an incompressible viscous fluid in a rotating system for a vertically averaged flow taking into account the variability of the boundary layer characteristics. The resulting equation contains parameters and their spatial derivatives determined by the second moments of functions describing the vertical profiles of the flow components. Numerical experiments demonstrate the influence of the boundary-layer horizontal inhomogeneity on the evolution of the vorticity field of a pair of atmospheric vortices. 相似文献
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7.
Short-Range Prediction Experiments with Operational Data Assimilation System for the Kuroshio South of Japan 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
Masafumi Kamachi Tsurane Kuragano Satoshi Sugimoto Kumi Yoshita Toshiyuki Sakurai Toshiya Nakano Norihisa Usui Francesco Uboldi 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):269-282
The short-range (one month) variability of the Kuroshio path was predicted in 84 experiments (90-day predictions) using a
model in an operational data assimilation system based on data from 1993 to 1999. The predictions started from an initial
condition or members of a set of initial conditions, obtained in a reanalysis experiment. The predictions represent the transition
from straight to meander of the Kuroshio path, and the results have been analyzed according to previously proposed mechanisms
of the transition with eddy propagation and interaction acting as a trigger of the meander and self-sustained oscillation.
The reanalysis shows that the meander evolves due to eddy activity. Simulation (no assimilation) shows no meander state, even
with the same atmospheric forcing as the prediction. It is suggested therefore that the initial condition contains information
on the meander and the system can represent the evolution. Mean (standard deviation) values of the axis error for all 84 cases
are 13, 17, and 20 (10, 10, and 12) km, in 138.5°E, in the 30-, 60-, and 90-day predictions respectively. The observed mean
deviation from seasonal variation is 30 km. The predictive limit of the system is thus about 80 days. The time scale of the
limit depends on which stage in the transition is adopted as the initial condition. The gradual decrease of the amplitude
in a stage from meander to straight paths is also predicted. The predictive limit is about 20 days, which is shorter than
the prediction of the opposite transition.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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EPSONDE is a tethered free-fall profiling system used to obtain temperature microstructure and velocity turbulence data to a depth of at least 1500 m. EPSONDE, which carries a variety of slow and fast sensors, is deployed on a loose kevlar multiconductor cable by a specialized wire-handling system. Data are transmitted from this underwater unit (1792 samples per second) to a shipboard system which includes a dedicated microcomputer for data logging and online data processing. The performance of this system is demonstrated by discussing a study of turbulent mixing processes in a lens of Mediterranean water (a MEDDY) found at a depth of 1000 m in the Canary basin. These studies indicate that turbulent kinetic energy dissipation may be an important mechanism in determining the decay and lifetime of a MEDDY 相似文献
10.
本文讨论了 1种具有远程数据传输功能的水质在线监测系统的研制与实现。它以 AT89C51单片机为核心器件 ,构成监测 5项水质常规参数的在线监测仪器 ,并通过公共电话网 ,将这些水质参数传送到远端的监控中心 ,提高了水环境监测的自动化水平 ,降低了水质在线监测设备的成本 ,在基层水环境监测部门及水处理厂具有推广价值。 相似文献
11.
K. V. Ushakov T. B. Grankina R. A. Ibraev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(4):365-375
A numerical experiment on the reproduction of the variability in the state of North Atlantic water in 1948–2007 with a spatial resolution of 0.25° has been performed using the global ocean model developed at Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), and the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (IO RAS) (the INM–IO model). The data on the state of the atmosphere, radiation fluxes, and bulk formulas of the CORE-II protocol are used as boundary conditions. Five successive 60-year calculation cycles have been performed in order to obtain the quasi-equilibrium state of a model ocean. For the last 20 years, the main elements of large-scale ocean circulation have been analyzed and compared with the WOA09 atlas data and the results of other models. 相似文献
12.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(3-4):313-321
The three global observing systems (the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS); the Global Oceanographic Observing System (GOOS); and the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)) are designed to detect and assess global change. A land-based coastal observing system initiative under GTOS is at the beginnings and will lead toward the integration of terrestrial and freshwater observations with marine observations under the auspices of coastal GOOS. The GTOS infrastructure already builds on national, regional and global programs for terrestrial observations, but more emphasis is needed on the unique circumstances of coastal ecosystems. Coastal GTOS will use the observing system philosophy and infrastructure to identify and improve access to data and information about coastal change; assist users to make that access systematically; ensure that appropriate measures are being or can be made; and integrate terrestrial observations with marine observations. Key variables have been defined for GTOS. But major challenges include evaluating these and others for coastal ecosystems and identifying the indicators of coastal condition that operate at appropriate scales. 相似文献
13.
Erwan Garel Susana Nunes João Magalhães Neto Rodrigo Fernandes Ramiro Neves João Carlos Marques Óscar Ferreira 《Geo-Marine Letters》2009,29(5):331-341
This technical paper describes an autonomous recording system with remote data access for the continuous, long-term in situ
monitoring of water quality and discharge, as well as current velocity. The Simpatico system has been recently deployed in three estuaries in Portugal (Mondego and Tagus in July 2007; Guadiana in March 2008),
highly suitable to illustrate its multifaceted potential applications: surveillance of the effects of mitigation measures
to combat eutrophication (lower Mondego Estuary); real-time implementation of boundary conditions for a water modelling system
(upper Tagus Estuary); study of dam-induced impacts in terms of water quality, water discharge and sediment budgets (mouth
of the Guadiana Estuary). An extract of recorded data serves as an example to discuss data reliability, as well as field maintenance
of the system, with implications for labour and operational costs. The use of a new generation of copper-based anti-biofouling
kits significantly reduced the need for field maintenance operations. Other examples of possible application of the system
include the assessment of gas accumulation in coastal waters. 相似文献
14.
A. George Mourad 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):293-313
Abstract Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been developed during the last decade. Their land‐based applications range from land information management, urban planning, and environmental research to engineering design and management in the utility and oil industries, geological subsurface analysis, and others. However, applications of GIS in the marine environment are still in the initial stages. This may be due to, among other things, the large marine data sets, the demands of 3D data processing, and the difficulty of ocean data acquisition. This article presents the result of the development of an integrated Marine Geographic Information System (MGIS) for the exploration and development of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the U.S. Pacific Islands region by the Pacific Mapping Center, University of Hawaii. Features such as spatial marine data processing, integration of GIS and mapping systems, 3D data structures, and simulation and animation of marine operations are developed and applied in this system. Since MGIS applications in EEZ are related to many disciplines in marine sciences and engineering, an operational MGIS should be an integrated system in which both basic GIS and marine application systems are combined into a single geo‐referenced system, In addition to other applications, this MGIS has been used: (1) to select a potential deep‐water research site off the island of Hawaii for the State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic, and Development (DBED); (2) to generate a three‐dimensional database and use it for the navigation and simulation of underwater operations of an underwater research vehicle; and (3) to produce two 2° × 2° mosaic sheets of sonar images, which meet the USGS standard for a sonar image atlas. 相似文献
15.
为保护长江口中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)的洄游通道,养护水生生物资源的栖息环境,基于2013~2016年的采样调查数据和地理信息数据和管理部门的日常业务工作流程,采用VisualC#开发环境、ESRIArcEngine开发组件、SQLServer数据库技术,研发了长江口中华鲟自然保护区信息管理系统。本系统以电子海图的地理空间信息框架为基础,实现在线登录、实时调取、更新数据库、输出保护区内生物种群数量及地理空间分布等的可视化信息、统计分析生物多样性指数,绘制相关统计图等功能。应用实例表明:该系统能够统计、分析、查询和显示生物种群数量及其地理空间分布信息,提高保护区管理和规划工作的效率,并为长江口中华鲟的科学研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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A new approach is suggested for the diagnostics of manifestations of water exchange in the field of normalized radiance and automation of the analysis of digital images of the water surface. The approach is based on the application of a set of statistical characteristics of a radiance relief as an integral indication of local inhomogeneities in the water medium and provides for the estimate of these characteristics over small regions (frames) of the basin studied using multispectral information. Using the example of the SeaWiFS scanner data on the evolution of an eddy dipole in August 1998 in a study region with a size of 160 × 160 km in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, it was shown that the estimates of a number of statistical characteristics of spectrally different radiance reliefs found in the frames with a size of 40 × 40 km significantly depended on the presence of fragments of an eddy dipole or other structures in these frames. A set of such characteristics made possible reliable differentiation of radiance reliefs by the degree of randomness, by the orientation of the inhomogeneities that form the relief, and by other properties caused by the variability of the light scattering and light absorbing admixtures in the sea medium in the course of the water exchange. The approach does not require any preliminary information about the object of observations. It is promising in the basins with moderate water transparency and vertical inhomogeneity of the upper layer available for remote profiling. 相似文献
18.
M. Arockiasamy 《Ocean Engineering》1983,10(5):303-312
Response of a compliant platform to irregular waves is determined using finite element method. The tower is idealized by 2-D beam elements with an elastic support at the guy lines location. The flexural characteristics of the beam correspond to the four corner members of the trusses. The guying system is modelled by an axial element with linear load deformation characteristics. A computer program based on the linearized Morison's equation and the linear (Airy) wave theory, is developed to calculate the total force based on the storm wave height data at different levels of the structure. The response of the structure to random waves is based on the spectral approach. The direct and cross spectral densities of the generalized wave forces are determined and used to obtain the spectral densities of the generalized modal coordinates and mean square response at each level. Possible extension of the method is indicated to compute the evolutionary response to nonstationary wave forces. 相似文献
19.
PEIOS系统是珠江口海域立体监测技术示范系统,其总体是研制一个以水质监测为核心,以珠江口水域为监测范围的河口区近海洋环境监测东范系统,该系统接收多种来源的远距离观测数据(卫星,岸基雷达,自动气象站,自动水质测试仪等),并具有数据实时更新的能力,它的远程用户模块可通过可电话拨号连接主数据库,进行相关的空间信息查询与分析,是相对独立的功能模块,同时,该模块还具有集成本地(用户端)数据的功能,作者提基于优秀地理信息系统平台的技术解决方案,并在AutodeskWorld2.0平台上成功开发了远程用户模块,实现了多源数据在远程用户端的GIS集成。 相似文献
20.
Atsushi Kaneda Hidetaka Takeoka Eiji Nagaura Yoshitsugu Koizumi 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(4):547-556
A cold-water intrusion, called a “bottom intrusion”, occurs in the lower layer of the Bungo Channel in Japan. It is an intrusion
from the shelf slope region of the Pacific Ocean margin in the south of the channel. In order to reveal the fundamental characteristics
of the bottom intrusion, we conducted long-term observations of water temperature at the surface and bottom layers of the
channel and 15-day current observations at the bottom of the shelf-break region. The long-term water temperature data indicated
that the bottom intrusion occurs repeatedly between early summer and late autumn, and its reiteration between early and mid-summer
causes a local minimum of water temperature in the lower layer in mid-summer. Moreover, the data revealed that most of the
bottom intrusions occurred in neap tidal periods. The current meter recorded a bottom intrusion with a speed of approximately
15 cm⋅s−1. The current meter also revealed that the intruded cold water slowly retreated back to the shelf slope region after the intrusion.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献