Elastic wave propagation in inhomogeneous anisotropic media

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｍｅｄｉａｉｎｅａｒｔｈａｒｅｑｕｉｔｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｅｘｉｓｔｓｅｖｅｒａｌｕｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｐｌａｉｎｓ．Ｎｏｒｍａｌｙ,ｉｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｒｅａｌｍｅｄｉｕｍｗｉｔｈｌａｙ...     

Love wave propagation in multilayered anisotropic inhomogeneous media

Summary Love wave propagation in a finite set of anisotropic inhomogeneous layers lying between two anisotropic homogeneous half spaces is considered. Generalized frequency equation is obtained by using the Thomson-Haskell matrix method. The usefulness of the general analytical result for discussing more special cases of interest in seismology is brought out in the end.     

垂向非均匀介质中转换波转换点计算

转换点位置的计算是转换波资料处理中的一个关键问题. 本文提出了分别基于速度随深度线性变化、速度随垂直走时线性变化、慢度随深度线性变化和慢度随垂直走时线性变化四种等效垂向非均匀介质情况下转换点位置的计算方法. 研究了通过速度拟合、走时近似和相似系数谱三种方式选择合适的等效速度方法. 结合理论模型对非均匀介质转换点计算方法、渐进转换点计算方法、Thomsen近似公式和均匀介质解析计算方法的误差进行了分析,结果表明非均匀介质转换点计算方法能更准确地计算转换点位置.     

Kelvin粘弹性VTI介质中地震波的传播

In this article, under the assumption of weak anisotropy and weak attenuation, we present approximate solutions of anisotropic complex velocities and quality-factors for Kelvin visco-elastic transverse isotropy (KEL-VTI) media, based on the complex physical parameter matrix. Also, combined with the KEL-VTI media model, the propagation characteristics of the qP-, qSV-, and qSH-wave phases and energies are discussed. Further, we build a typical KEL-VTI media model of the Huainan coal mine to model the wave propagation. The numerical simulation results show that the PP- and PSV-wave theoretical wave-fields are close to the wave-fields of three-component P- and converted-waves acquired in the work area. This result proves that the KEL-VTI media model gives a good approximation to this typical coalfield seismic-geologic conditions and is helpful to the study of attenuation compensation of multi-component seismic data.     

Rayleigh wave propagation in a two-layer anisotropic media

Summary The possibility of propagation of Rayleigh waves in an incompressible crust of constant density and rigidity varying exponentially with depth lying on a semi-infinite transversely isotropic base has been discussed in this paper. Frequency equation has been derived and numerical calculations are made. The result obtained in this case is compared with that ofNewlands [3]²) andDutta [4].     

近地表强衰减介质中的地震波传播模型

建立符合油气储层近地表复杂介质强衰减性质的数学-物理模型是油气勘探和开发的重要课题.本文针对D'Alembert黏弹性介质模型存在的量纲不统一和不能充分刻画孔隙介质结构的不足,通过引入孔隙度和渗透率等参数修改耗散项,改进了原D'Alembert模型,获得了能精细刻画具有强吸收衰减特征的近地表复杂介质模型,即改进的近地表黏弹性模型.基于这种改进的模型,推导了波频散和衰减的表达式,并研究了孔隙度、流体黏度等物理参数对波频散和衰减的影响,获得了相应的规律性认识.为了验证新模型预测近地表介质中波衰减的有效性,本文将新模型应用于胜利油田YX工区的近地表实测数据,同时与弹性Biot模型和BISQ模型以及黏弹性BISQ模型进行了比较.结果表明,与其它三个模型比较,改进的近地表黏弹性模型能够很好地刻画近地表介质的强衰减性,而且新模型所涉及到的物理参数明显少于其它几种模型,有利于新模型在油气储层近地表复杂介质地震勘探的实际应用.

     

2.5维非均匀介质中的地震波数值模拟

目前,完全的3D弹性波数值模拟计算仍然需要庞大的计算资源,而2D弹性波数值模拟,又不能准确地近似3D数值模拟.因此,本文在较高数值精度的一阶应力一速度弹性波动方程的基础上,采用时间错格差分拟谱方法在2D模型介质中计算3D弹性波场,即2.5D数值模拟.并将3D计算结果与2.5D和2D结果进行比较,发现2.5D模拟结果在波场形态和振幅方面比2D模拟结果更接近3D模拟结果,从而证实了2.5D数值模拟比2D数值模拟可以更好地近似3D波场数值模拟,同时证实了时间错格差分拟谱方法是一种高精度、高效率的正演模拟方法.     

PML solution of longitudinal wave propagation in heterogeneous media

This paper describes the development of a model for unbounded heterogeneous domains with radiation damping produced by an unphysical wave absorbing layer. The Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) approach is used along with a displacement-based finite element. The heterogeneous model is validated using the closed-form solution of a benchmark problem: a free rod with two-part modulus subjected to a specified time history. Both elastically supported and unsupported semi-infinite rods with different degrees of inhomogeneity and loading are considered. Numerical results illustrate the effects of inhomogeneity on the response and are compared with those for equivalent homogeneous domains. The effects of characteristic features of the inhomogeneous problem, presence of local maxima and cut-off frequency are determined. A degenerate case of a homogeneous semi-infinite rod on elastic foundations is produced by tending the magnitude of the foundation stiffness to zero. The response of the latter is compared with that of a free rod. The importance of proper selection of the PML parameters to highly accurate and efficient results is demonstrated by example problems.     

Exact solutions ofSH wave equation in transversely isotropic inhomogeneous elastic media

Summary TheSH wave equation in a transversely isotropic inhomogeneous elastic medium, where the elastic parameters and density are functions of vertical coordinate, is considered. A general procedure is given for finding the inhomogeneities for which the equation can be solved in terms of hypergeometric, Whittaker, Bessel and exponential functions. A few simple inhomogeneities and the corresponding solutions in terms of these transcendental functions are presented.     

Low-frequency dilatational wave propagation through fully-saturated poroelastic media

The strong coupling of applied stress and pore fluid pressure, known as poroelasticity, is relevant to a number of applied problems arising in hydrogeology and reservoir engineering. The standard theory of poroelastic behavior in a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic porous medium saturated by a viscous, compressible fluid is due to Biot, who derived a pair of coupled partial differential equations that accurately predict the existence of two independent dilatational (compressional) wave motions, corresponding to in-phase and out-of-phase displacements of the solid and fluid phases, respectively. The Biot equations can be decoupled exactly after Fourier transformation to the frequency domain, but the resulting pair of Helmholtz equations cannot be converted to partial differential equations in the time domain and, therefore, closed-form analytical solutions of these equations in space and time variables cannot be obtained. In this paper we show that the decoupled Helmholtz equations can in fact be transformed to two independent partial differential equations in the time domain if the wave excitation frequency is very small as compared to a critical frequency equal to the kinematic viscosity of the pore fluid divided by the permeability of the porous medium. The partial differential equations found are a propagating wave equation and a dissipative wave equation, for which closed-form solutions are known under a variety of initial and boundary conditions. Numerical calculations indicate that the magnitude of the critical frequency for representative sedimentary materials containing either water or a nonaqueous phase liquid is in the kHz–MHz range, which is generally above the seismic band of frequencies. Therefore, the two partial differential equations obtained should be accurate for modeling elastic wave phenomena in fluid-saturated porous media under typical low-frequency conditions applicable to hydrogeological problems.     

Usual assumptions in the treatment of wave propagation in heterogeneous elastic media

Summary Several assumptions are usually made in seismology in the treatment of wave propagational problems in heterogeneous elastic media. These assumptions are pointed out and some of them are critically examined.This paper was presented in a modified form at the meetings of the Canadian Association of Physicists in Toronto in June, 1967.The author was formerly known asRavindra N. Gupta     

Finite difference modeling of seismic wave propagation in monoclinic media

Reported in the present paper are the results of the study of propagation of SH waves in the plane of mirror symmetry of a monoclinic multilayered medium with displacement normal to the plane. Dispersion equation has been obtained analytically ussing Haskell’s matrix method, while the finite-difference method has been employed to model the SH-wave propagation to study its phase and group velocities. The stability analysis has been carried out to minimize the exponential growth of the error of finite difference approximation in order to make the finite difference method stable and convergent. Further, variations of phase velocity with respect to both wave number and dispersion parameter for different stability ratios in monoclinic media have been examined and shown graphically. The effect of change of stability ratio on the group velocity of the wave propagation has been also investigated. Likewise, the effects of change of dispersion parameter on phase velocity and the variation of frequency with increase of wave number have been graphically represented and discussed.     

横向非均匀介质多道瑞雷波频散曲线正演

作为近地表横波速度结构成像的主要手段之一,面波多道分析法的正问题研究对现场观测系统设计及后续反演计算具有重要意义.目前面波频散曲线的正演主要分为两类:一是对水平层状介质中面波的本征值问题进行求解,该类方法计算效率高但较难考虑地下介质在横向上的不均匀性;二是基于波动方程的全波场模拟,该类方法在理论上可考虑任意复杂的地质模...     

Low‐frequency wave propagation in periodically layered media

In this paper, we consider wave propagation in a layered medium. Using the Baker‐Campbell‐Hausdorff series, we expand the logarithm of a propagator matrix in series of frequency. The series coefficients allow us to extend the effective Backus medium for low frequencies. The proposed technique is applied to vertical propagation in a periodically layered and binary medium as well as for a gradient medium. The velocity dispersion equations are derived for these media. We also consider the layered medium with monoclinic anisotropy. We illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method on synthetic and well‐log data.     

EDA介质中地震波的传播特征

对Christoffel公式进行Bond变换得到EDA介质的Christoffel方程,并由其非零解推导出EDA介质中视横波(qSV)、横波(SH)、视纵波(qP)的相速度、群速度、偏振向量(质点的振动方向)的三维计算公式.通过模型计算分析了具有水平对称轴的各向异性(HTI)介质和EDA介质中介质对称轴的极角和方位角对相速度、群速度及偏振向量的影响,对其随极角、方位角的变化特征进行了分析,并采用Matlab进行了数值计算,对其特征采用三维显示.通过取极角或方位角为零简化得到HTI介质和具有垂直对称轴的各向异性(VTI)介质中地震波的相速度、群速度,对EDA介质中的三维计算结果进行退化验证. 通过数值计算进一步验证了地震波相速度与EDA介质对称轴的相互关系. 结果表明,通过广角地震勘探可探明地下介质的裂隙走向及密度,从而确定灾害体产状.     

Mesh grading approach for wave propagation in high velocity-contrast media

A mesh grading approach based on investigated lump method has been presented for simulating wave propagation in high velocity-contrast media. Unstructured fine grids are used to discretize the low wave-velocity medium in order to ensure the accuracy of numerical computation, and unstructured coarse grids are used for the high wave-velocity medium in order to substantially reduce the computational cost. On the interface, one coarse grid can match the fine grids of arbitrary odd number. The key feature of the proposed method is the constructions of investigated lumps on the interfaces of media. The transition zone, which is commonly used in the discontinuous grid scheme based on the staggered-grid finite-difference method, will not be used any more. Moreover, the computational instability that the discontinuous grid schemes frequently encountered does not arise in the proposed method. The comparisons with the analytical solutions and the application in studying the effects of sedimentary basin demonstrated that the mesh grading approach is a valid, accurate, convenient and flexible algorithm in simulating wave propagations in high velocity-contrast media with irregular interfaces.     

Magnetoelastic shear wave propagation in pre-stressed anisotropic media under gravity

The present study investigates the propagation of shear wave (horizontally polarized) in two initially stressed heterogeneous anisotropic (magnetoelastic transversely isotropic) layers in the crust overlying a transversely isotropic gravitating semi-infinite medium. Heterogeneities in both the anisotropic layers are caused due to exponential variation (case-I) and linear variation (case-II) in the elastic constants with respect to the space variable pointing positively downwards. The dispersion relations have been established in closed form using Whittaker’s asymptotic expansion and were found to be in the well-agreement to the classical Love wave equations. The substantial effects of magnetoelastic coupling parameters, heterogeneity parameters, horizontal compressive initial stresses, Biot’s gravity parameter, and wave number on the phase velocity of shear waves have been computed and depicted by means of a graph. As a special case, dispersion equations have been deduced when the two layers and half-space are isotropic and homogeneous. The comparative study for both cases of heterogeneity of the layers has been performed and also depicted by means of graphical illustrations.