Evaluation of estimation methods for meiofaunal biomass from a meiofaunal survey in Bohai Bay

Studies in the coastal area of Bohai Bay, China, from July 2006 to October 2007, suggest that the method of meiofaunal biomass estimation affected the meiofaunal analysis. Conventional estimation methods that use a unique mean individual weight value for nematodes to calculate total biomass may cause deviation of the results. A modified estimation method, named the Subsection Count Method (SCM), was also used to calculate meiofaunal biomass. This entails only a slight increase in workload but generates results of greater accuracy. Results gained using each of these two methods were compared in the present study. The results show that the conventional method generally estimates a meiofaunal biomass. The difference between the two estimation methods was highly significant (P<0.01) for the spring and winter cruises. Furthermore, the estimation method for meiofaunal biomass affected the analysis of horizontal distribution and correlation with environmental factors. These findings highlight the importance of estimation methods for meiofaunal biomass and will hopefully stimulate further investigation and discussion of the topic.     

Response of meiofaunal and nematode communities to sewage pollution abatement: a field transplantation experiment

To assess the recovery rate of meiofaunal and nematode communities upon abatement of sewage pollution, a field transplantation experiment was conducted in Tai Tam, which is a non-polluted, shallow subtidal habitat on the southern portion of Hong Kong Island. The sediments used were from one site located in Victoria Harbour that was heavily influenced by sewage pollution, and one site in the outside-harbor area, which was relatively clean. In addition, sediments from Tai Tam were used as a control. Fresh sediments with meiofauna were collected from the aforementioned sites, placed in plastic trays and transplanted to Tai Tam. Sediments were retrieved at the beginning of the experiment and at 1-, 3-, and 8-weeks after transplantation for analysis of the meiofaunal and nematode communities as well as the sediment characteristics. The results showed that the meiofaunal and nematode communities in the control sediments were consistent at the four sampling periods, while it took three and eight weeks, respectively, for the nematode communities from the outside-harbor and inside-harbor sites to become similar to the control. These findings indicated that the relatively poor habitat quality and the nematode community composition in the sewage polluted inside-harbor sediments required a longer time for recovery than samples from the better habitat quality and the nematode community composition in the outside-harbor sediments.     

Estimates of autumntime benthic secondary production in Laizhou Bay and adjacent Bohai Sea waters

The whole metazoan community inhabiting Laizhou Bay and adjacent Bohai Sea waters were sampled in late autumn,2006.Secondary production estimates for macrofauna and meiofauna were made separately.Total benthic secondary production was as high as 8.38 ± 4.08 g ash-free dry weight(AFDW) m-2 a-1,which represented the autumn production level.In general,macrofaunal secondary production in Laizhou Bay was much lower than that in adjacent Bohai Sea areas.In contrast,meiofaunal secondary production in Laizhou Bay was higher than that in adjacent Bohai Sea areas.Macrofauna contributed 61% to benthic secondary production(5.09 ± 3.26 g AFDW m-2 a-1),lower than the value in previous studies in Bohai Sea.Sediment granulometric characteristics and bottom-water salinity could explain the substantial variability in the macrofauna biomass and production.Meiofaunal production was an important component of benthic production and exceeded macrofauna production under exceptional conditions,e.g.in Laizhou Bay,where macrofauna was restricted.Chlorophyll pigments(Chl-a) concentrations in sediment explained the general meiofaunal biomass and production distribution here.     

病态数据处理的岭估计迭代解法

岭估计通常无法单次计算使得均方误差达到最小,因此提出岭估计迭代法。将岭估计参数估值代入平差模型,更新观测向量,再次用岭估计法求解参数。依此迭代,每次迭代计算方差和偏差,当均方误差达到最小或收敛时终止。模拟算例验证结果表明,该方法有效、可行。     

基于多视线向D-InSAR技术的三维地表形变抗差解算方法

针对粗差对多源InSAR数据三维地表形变解算的影响,提出一种基于多视线向D-InSAR技术的三维地表形变抗差解算方法。该方法利用多视线向D-InSAR地表形变监测数据,在最小二乘原则的基础上实现InSAR三维地表形变解算,获取平差观测量的残差,建立最小二乘残差与观测量单位权方差的函数关系,并通过计算出的单位权方差对InSAR地表形变观测量进行定权;基于等价权原理,选用IGGⅢ权函数实现三维地表形变的抗差解算。最后,以2009年意大利拉奎拉地区地震为例,对该解算方法的可行性和精度进行验证。结果表明,该方法可以获取可靠的解算结果。     

基于随机森林算法的草原地上生物量遥感估算方法研究

草原是我国面积最大的陆地生态系统,生物量是反映生态系统质量和功能的关键指标,准确地掌握草原生物量对草原资源合理利用、生态修复、畜牧业高质量发展都具有重要的意义和作用。本研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为研究区,利用高分一号遥感卫星影像,结合216个野外样本数据,采用随机森林算法（Random Forest,RF）对草原地上生物量（Aboveground Biomass,AGB）遥感估算进行了适用性分析与应用。在运用随机森林算法的过程中,进行了K-折交叉验证、多元共线性诊断、偏效应等一系列分析,完成了随机森林模型的构建,同时,将建模结果与其它模型进行了对比,最终实现了锡林郭勒盟草原AGB的反演估算。结果表明：① 随机森林算法能够较好地规避生物量建模中自变量多元共线性的问题;② 随机森林模型在草原AGB估算中较其它模型具有更好的适用性,模型精度达85%,RMSE为202.13 kg/hm²;③ 应用构建的随机森林算法估算了研究区2017年草原AGB,从结果来看,其空间分布上呈现为自东向西逐渐递减的趋势;从草地类型上看,山地草甸类AGB单产最高,温性草原类总产量最高。研究结果将对草原生态系统监测评估和草原宏观管理具有一定的参考价值。     

Dynamic Diurnal Changes in Green Algae Biomass in the Southern Yellow Sea Based on GOCI Images

Macroalgae blooms of Ulva prolifera have occurred every summer in the southern Yellow Sea since 2007, inducing severe ecological problems and huge economic losses. Genesis and secular movement of green algae blooms have been well monitored by using remote sensing and other methods. In this study, green algae were detected and traced by using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI), and a novel biomass estimation model was developed from the relationship between biomass measurements and previously published satellite-derived biomass indexes. The results show that the green algae biomass can be determined most accurately with the biomass index of green algae for GOCI(BIGAG), which is calculated from the Rsurf data that had been atmospherically corrected by ENVI/QUAC method. For the first time, dynamic changes in green algae biomass were studied over an hourly scale. Short-term biomass changes were highly influenced by Photosynthetically Available Radiation(PAR) and tidal phases, but less by sea surface temperature variations on a daily timescale. A new parameter of biomass changes(PBC), calculated by the ratio of the biomass growth rate to movement velocity, could provide an effective way to assess and forecast green tide in the southern Yellow Sea and similar areas.     

Extracting eco-hydrological information of inland wetland from L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar image in Honghe National Nature Reserve,Northeast China

Taking a typical inland wetland of Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR), Northeast China, as the study area, this paper studied the application of L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image in extracting eco-hydrological information of inland wetland. Landsat-5 TM and ALOS PALSAR HH backscatter images were first fused by using the wavelet-IHS method. Based on the fused image data, the classification method of support vector machines was used to map the wetland in the study area. The overall mapping accuracy is 77.5%. Then, the wet and dry aboveground biomass estimation models, including statistical models and a Rice Cloudy model, were established. Optimal parameters for the Rice Cloudy model were calculated in MATLAB by using the least squares method. Based on the validation results, it was found that the Rice Cloudy model produced higher accuracy for both wet and dry aboveground biomass estimation compared to the statistical models. Finally, subcanopy water boundary information was extracted from the HH backscatter image by threshold method. Compared to the actual water borderline result, the extracted result from L-band SAR image is reliable. In this paper, the HH-HV phase difference was proved to be valueless for extracting subcanopy water boundary information.     

一种计算补偿最小二乘正则化参数的最优化方法

在半参数模型补偿最小二乘估计中,如何有效地计算正则化参数是求解的关键。在建立一种新的补偿最小二乘模型的基础上,基于广义交叉核实与L曲线准则,采用最优化方法计算正则化参数。仿真计算表明,本文方法是一种计算正则化参数更为有效的方法。     

һ�ּ��㲹����С�������򻯲��������Ż�����

??????????????С????????У??????Ч????????????????????????????????μ??????С????????????????????彻??????L??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч???????     

干旱区草原地上植被生物量估算——以乌图美仁大草原芦苇植被为例

草原是干旱区生态系统中重要的可再生资源。本文基于草本植被的结构特征,利用ASAR和TM数据,结合MIMICS模型,提出了一种估算干旱区草原地上植被生物量的方法。该方法将光学遥感数据容易反演的叶面积指数（LAI）作为反演生物量模型的参数之一,并利用LAI成功估算了单位面积内的草本植被密度。将地上生物量作为输入变量代入改进的MIMICS模型,利用查找表方法,计算出地上植被生物量。然后,将该方法应用于乌图美仁草原的地上植被生物量的反演。结果表明,该方法能够成功地反演干旱区草原草本植被地上生物量,精度达到R²=0.8562,RMSD=0.6263。最后,分析了该方法估算植被生物量的误差来源。     

Calculation of significant wave height using the linear mean square estimation method

Significant wave height is an important criterion in designing coastal and offshore structures. Based on the orthogonality principle, the linear mean square estimation method is applied to calculate significant wave height in this paper. Twenty-eight-year time series of wave data collected from three ocean buoys near San Francisco along the California coast are analyzed. It is proved theoretically that the computation error will be reduced by using as many measured data as possible for the calculation of significant wave height. Measured significant wave height at one buoy location is compared with the calculated value based on the data from two other adjacent buoys. The results indicate that the linear mean square estimation method can be well applied to the calculation and prediction of significant wave height in coastal regions.     

一种分步式建筑物屋顶面点云高精度提取方法

针对现有机载激光雷达(LiDAR)点云高精度提取方法存在建筑物屋顶面提取精度较低、适应性较差等问题,提出一种分步式建筑物屋顶面点云高精度提取方法.该方法通过主成分分析计算点云可靠性指标,选取可靠平面点;然后,利用K-means算法实现可靠点在法向量空间上的聚类,并通过逐步平面估计,提取初始屋顶面片;最后,进行面片的合并...     

In-situ determination of sediment oxygen demand in cultivation ponds

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｏｘｙｇｅｎｄｅｍａｎｄ(ＳＯＤ)ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｙｇｅｎｄｅｍａｎｄ(ＧｅｏｒｇｅａｎｄＪｏｓｅｐｈ,1980),ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆａｃｔｏｒａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄｏｘｙｇｅｎ(ＤＯ)ａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｉｎｍａｎｙｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｍｏｄｅｌｓｆｏｒｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｐｏｎｄｓ(Ｍａｄｅｎｊｉａｎ,1990;Ｆａｎｇ,1991).Ｓｏｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏ…     

���ڿռ�ֱ������ϵ�ĸ߾�������ת�������о�

?????????????????????????????????????????????и???????????????????÷?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????÷?????á???Ч??     

Study on model for remote sensing estimation of maize yield

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＲＥＭＯＴＥＳＥＮＳＩＮＧＥＳＴＩＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＡＩＺＥＹＩＥＬＤＬｉｕＺｈａｏｌｉ（刘兆礼）ＨｕａｎｇＴｉｅｑｉｎｇ（黄铁青）ＷａｎＥｎｐｕ（万恩璞）ＺｈａｎｇＹａｎｇｚｈｅｎ（张养贞）ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉ...     

�����Ƚ��ֻ�������Bayes���Ʒ��ڵؿ��α�����е�Ӧ��

??????????????????α?????GPS???ι???????????α?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????в??????????????????????????????????????????α???????????????????ι????????????α???????????????????Ч?????????????????????????????????Bayes?????????????????α?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ???????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS????????м??????????????????????????Ч???????????????????????????????????????     

基于MapReduce的海量公交乘客OD并行推算方法

公交乘客出行OD能够反映居民出行特征和出行需求,是进行公交系统评价、调度和线路优化的重要基础数据,对城市规划具有重要的实用价值。现有公交OD推算方法多适用于少量公交数据,无法直接快速地推算海量公交乘客出行OD,因此本文提出了一种基于MapReduce的海量公交乘客OD并行推算方法。首先将公交数据从关系型数据库迁移至HBase数据库;接着利用MapReduce并行计算框架,根据HBase中IC卡数据的Region数量分成多个map任务,每个map任务中Map函数计算上车站点,Reduce函数将上车站点以用户为单位进行归并输出到HDFS;然后在上车记录数据的基础上,根据HDFS存储的块数量分成多个map任务,针对每个乘客的出行记录,综合考虑出行链方法和历史相似出行行为规律实现对公交乘客下车站点较为精确的推算。最后以厦门2015年6月13日至26日的IC卡数据和公交车辆GPS数据进行实例分析,共计算出295条公交线路,16 879 661条上车记录,14 410 058条完整OD记录,占IC卡数据的78.9%,计算效率相比传统方法有较大幅度提升。结果表明：该方法不仅可以较为准确地推算公交乘客上下车站点,而且计算效率较高。     

Study on model for remote sensing estimation of maize yield

Through analysis of perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) from combination of visible and near-infrared spectrums reflecting the feature of crop reflectance, we come to the conclusion that the index can better indicate crop instantaneous photosynthesis whereas people generally regard it as the representation of crop leaf area index (LAI). Exploration of crop photosynthesis within a day and its period of duration leads to production of photosynthetic vegetation index (PST) that can reflect the whole crop accumulated photosynthesis, which means the total biomass produced by crop, moreover the method simulating PST is put forward by employment of multi-temporal spectrum parameters. On the basis of the achievements mentioned above, a new comprehensive model for remote sensing estimation of maize yield is established, which can comprehensively show major physiological actions of maize and the course of its yield formation, organically integrate various effective ways of crop yield estimation. It lays a solid foundation for carrying out remote sensing estimation of maize yield on a large scale.     

伪随机脉冲参数对BDS卫星定轨精度的影响分析

采用附加伪随机脉冲参数的动力学定轨方法对BDS卫星进行定轨,分别给出不同时间间隔的伪随机脉冲参数估计方案对BDS卫星常规状态、姿态转换状态以及进入地影状态时定轨精度的影响。结果表明,常规状态下,伪随机脉冲参数对GEO卫星定轨精度改善显著,相对较优的伪随机脉冲参数估计间隔与各类卫星运行周期吻合;对于姿态转换状态以及进入地影状态,6 h的伪随机脉冲参数估计间隔有助于提高相应卫星的定轨精度。