Metamorphic Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits--A Case Study of the Xiaotongjiapuzi Gold Deposit of Eastern Liaoning

The Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit occurs in a Palaeoproterozoic rift accretionary terrane in eastern Liaoning and is hosted by a carbonate formation of the Dashiqiao Formation, Liaohe Group. The metamorphic grade of the host rock is low amphibolite-high greenschist facies. Gold, which is mainly invisible, is distributed in pyrite and arsenopyrite. The grains of Au-bearing sulphide minerals are fine, ranging from 0.0 n to 1 mm. The wall-rock alterations are characterized by low-temperature silification, hydro-sericitization, sericitization and carbonatization. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions in quartz closely associated with gold mineralization range from 140 to 240° C. The metallogenic age represented by the Ar-Ar isotopic age of sericite is 167 Ma. Comparisons and studies show that the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit can be classified as the submicron-sized disseminated deposit (analogous to the Carlin-type) hosted in metamorphic rocks.     

广东高要河台金矿同位素年代学研究

河台金矿是桂东-粤西成矿带中代表性大型金矿之一,其容矿围岩主要是震旦系糜棱岩,矿体受到NEE向剪切带控制。本次研究获得河台金矿云西矿段混合岩中黑云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为161.8±1.2Ma;河台金矿河海矿段富硫化物石英脉中绢云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为157.1±1.0Ma;首次测得河台金矿河海矿段富硫化物石英脉中磁黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为175.5±4.3Ma。结合前人工作,研究表明河台金矿的形成可能经历了一个复杂的演变过程,区域剪切作用主要集中在印支期-燕山早期,矿床的成矿时代可能主要集中在175Ma左右。     

Gold Deposits in Beishan Mountain, Northwestern China

Abstract. The Beishan Mountain spans three provinces ‐ Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, having an area of 120,000 km² Tectonically, it transverses three different tectonic units, i.e. Siberia, Kazakhstan and Tarim plates, and is composed of nine ter‐rains with widely exposed Precambrian and Paleozoic strata, complex structures, intensive magmatic activities and widespread ore deposits. It is not only a main part of Tianshan‐Yinshan‐Great Hinggan metallogenic belt in China, but also a key to under‐stand the evolution of central‐Asian orogenic system. At present, more than 100 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored and mined, among which Nanjinshan, Mazhuangshan, Liushashan, Jinwozi, Zhaobishan and Xiaoxigong are the most important ones. Based on the host rocks and the geological features, all these gold occurrences can be subdivided into three groups (or types): (1) hosted by Carboniferous or Permian volcanic or subvolcanic rocks; (2) hosted by or related to plutonic intrusions; and (3) hosted by Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The first group includes the Mazhuangshan gold deposit, which occurs in Hercynian quartz por‐phyry and rhyolite porphyry as gold‐bearing quartz veins. The second group is composed of the Liushashan, Nanjinshan Zhaobishan and Jinwozi gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these four deposits occurs within Hercynian granitoids intrusion: or late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks as quartz veins, veinlets and altered rocks. The Xiaoxigong gold deposit belongs to the third group, and is hosted by Precambrian schist, amphibolite and migmatite as quartz veins and altered rocks. Isotopic age dating data, geological and geochemical evidence suggest that most of the groups 1 and 2 gold deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian or partly Indosinian intrusions. These intrusions may provide both heat and metals for groups 1 and 2 deposits. In contrast, although the formation is closely related to the Hercynian magma‐tism, the ore‐forming materials of the group 3 deposits may not only come from the intrusions, but also from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks.     

内蒙古长山壕金矿矿床地球化学特征与成因研究

长山壕金矿是近年来在内蒙古中部发现的一个大型浅变质碎屑岩型金矿,产于中—新元古代白云鄂博群比鲁特组碳质板岩和千枚岩中,矿体与围岩呈渐变关系。矿石呈硫化物细脉和石英硫化物细脉状,产于地层层理、节理和破碎带中,与地层同步褶皱变形。矿石的微量元素特征与围岩一致,矿石铅同位素为208Pb/204Pb为37.430 8～38.9792,207Pb/204Pb为15.452 2～15.674 1,206Pb/204Pb为17.109～18.921 7,与地层铅同位素接近。流体包裹体以液相包裹体为主,均一温度230～370℃,平均286.8℃;盐度w(NaCl)为6.01%～20.52%,平均10.84%;包裹体水的δD为-108‰～-112‰,δ18O为6.4‰～9.4‰。地质地球化学特征表明成矿物质来自地层,成矿热液主要来自地层水。研究认为长山壕金矿为沉积-变质型金矿,后期的岩浆活动对成矿作用影响较小。     

福建泰宁李家坊金矿地质特征与成因分析

泰宁李家坊金矿位于崇安-石城深断裂带中段,矿体是在区域变质、构造活动、岩浆侵入的长期作用下形成的,矿体主要贮存于中元古代交溪组混合岩化变质岩中,为断裂破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,主要成矿期为志留纪.     

Geology and Geochemistry of Maoling Gold Deposit, Gaixian, Liaoning Province

ＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＴｈｅＭａｏｌｉｎｇｇｏｌｄｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍ．ＧａｉｘｉａｎＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＬｉａｏｈｅＧｒｏ...     

冀东峪耳崖金矿床成矿地质特征、矿床地球化学及其成因机制探析

峪耳崖金矿床位于华北板块北缘中段,是冀东地区金厂峪[CD1]峪耳崖矿集区内赋存于花岗岩体及其与长城系围岩接触带内的大型金矿床。通过系统的成矿地质特征、流体包裹体、氢氧同位素、硫铅同位素和稀土-微量元素研究,结果表明：成矿温度为中高温热液环境,成矿流体为低盐度,成矿物质来源具有深源和幔源特征,金成矿作用过程具有排斥稀土元素的作用,Bi可作为富金矿体的指示元素。而峪耳崖金矿产于岩浆岩发育区和金厂峪金矿赋存于老变质岩区的表观成矿地质特征差异性、牛心山金矿“一墙之隔”的南北雷同性（南与金厂峪类同,北与峪耳崖类同）和它们成矿物质来源的同源性,则表明具体成矿就位地质环境的特定性决定了金矿床表观地质特征的特异性和复杂性。     

江西金山金矿含金黄铁矿的Rb-Sr年龄

前人对江西金山金矿的成矿时代有许多不同的认识,笔者通过对江西金山蚀变岩型矿石中的含金黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄的测定得出,含金黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(838±110)Ma,initial87Sr/86Sr=0.7045±0.0020。由此可以推测晋宁期是蚀变岩型金矿体形成的主要时期。黄铁矿Rb-Sr所得的Sr同位素初始比(87Sr/86Sr)i小于陆源硅酸盐的值(0.720),而与玄武岩的值(0.704)接近,结合前人有关的同位素及稀土、微量元素研究,笔者认为金山金矿变质岩型矿体的成矿物质源于变质围岩,成矿流体为来源于深部的变质水。     

辽东半岛青城子矿田典型金矿成因：来自硫、氢、氧同位素的证据

青城子矿田是辽宁东部重要的金多金属矿田,成矿作用复杂.选择白云金矿和小佟家堡子金矿进行了硫同位素和氢氧同位素研究.结果显示矿田内小佟家堡子等金矿硫同位素含量为1.87‰~16‰,无明显的塔式分布;白云金矿的硫同位素含量为-10.3‰~+1.9‰.氢氧同位素测试结果显示白云金矿中石英δD含量为-108.3‰~-74‰,δ¹⁸O含量为8‰~15.9‰;而小佟家堡子等金矿的石英氢氧同位素分布则较为分散.综合分析认为,小佟家堡子金矿代表了早期金成矿,与变质作用有关;白云金矿代表了晚期金成矿作用;矿田内层状铅锌矿与小佟家堡子等金矿可能是同期成矿事件.     

Study on Mineralization Age of Xiaoban Gold Deposit, Fujian Province

The Xiaoban gold deposit is a large-size deposit recently found in middle area of Fujian Province. It belongs to magmatic hydrothermal type occurred in Mayuan Group metamorphic rocks of Middle Proterozoic and is controlled by low angle fault (detachment) structures. The contents of Au in Mayuan Group metamorphic rocks, Caledonian-Indosinian deformed granite and early Yanshanian granite are higher with Au enrichment coefficient of 2.06-5.68, 5.11 and 6.67 than those in other geological bodies. And the higher enrichment coefficients (>2) of Ag, S, Sn and Te are similar to those of gold ore. Meanwhile, the distribution of Au in Mayuan Group metamorphic rocks and early Yanshanian granite with a low D-value (0.58 and 0.67) is favorable to gold mineralization. REE characteristics of gold ore, ratios of (LREE/HREE), (La/Sm)n, (Yb/Lu)n, (La/Tb)n and (Sm/Nd)n are similar to Mayuan Group metamorphic rocks, only non or little normal Eu abnormal of ore is dissimilar to metamorphic rocks. The δ(34S) of the gold ore, with a high homogenization, is (-4.7×10-3)-(-2.7×10-3). The study of inclusion indicates 180-249 ℃ of mineralization temperature, 3.69 %-11.81 % of salinities and 0.869-0.991 g/cm3 of densities of mineralization fluid. Based on hydrogen and oxygen isotope (δ(18O)=11.0×10-3-11.7×10-3, δ(D)=(-48×10-3)-(-62×10-3)) and initial w(87Sr)/w(86Sr) =0.715,combining to the analysis of geological history, regional metamorphism and magamtic activity, the authors confirm that the source for the ore fluid was mainly from magmatic, partly from metamorphic water, and with a little influence of meteoric water. Isotopic dating made on Rb-Sr isochron age of 182 Ma, by using alteration minerals of gold-ores from the deposit, indicates that the mineralization occurs in early Yanshanian epoch. This is close to the age of 187 Ma of the Anchun magmatite with a similar alteration and gold mineralization to the Xiaoban gold deposit. The age of early Yanshanian epoch of the Xiaoban gold is indentical with the characteristics of southern China gold metallogenic belt and the geotectonic evolution of the transition from paleo-Asian system and paleo-Tethyan system to paleo-Pacific active continental margin in eastern Asia.     

Types and Distribution of Endogenic Gold Deposits in Western Sichuan,China

Endogenic gold deposits and prospects are widely distributed in western Sichuan, People's Republic of China. To the present time, 43 individual gold deposits and 2 associated gold deposits have been discovered, explored, and mined. All of these deposits belong to one of nine principal types, according to their host-rock series: (I) Archean high-grade metamorphic rock series–hosted; Phanerozoic intermediate-acid intrusive rock-hosted; (HI) ophiolitic melange rock series–hosted; (IV) carbonate rock series–hosted; (V) slightly metamorphic rock series–hosted; (VI) moderately metamorphic rock series–hosted; (VII) subvolcanic rock series–hosted; (VIII) slightly metamorphosed fine-grained clastic-subvolcanic rock series–hosted; and (IX) volcanic rock series–hosted. The tectonic setting, geological features, and temporal and spatial distribution of these different types of gold deposits and occurrences indicate that, to a great extent, gold mineralization reflects the evolution of tectonic environments in the western part of Sichuan Province throughout geological time.     

云南勐海勐满金矿床的地球化学特征及成因

云南勐满金矿床是"三江"褶皱系南端的一个微细粒—红土复合型金矿床,矿床达中型规模,并具有成为大型金矿的找矿远景。赋矿层位为上元古界澜沧群片岩和中侏罗统碎屑岩及第四纪残坡积层。文章提供了勐满金矿的矿床地质特征、流体包裹体以及S、H、O和Pb同位素地球化学研究资料,并对矿床成因和成矿作用进行了分析。研究表明:勐满原生金矿床具有与卡林型金矿床类似的地质和地球化学特征;其成矿物源主要是上元古界澜沧群曼来组浅变质岩系和中侏罗统花开左组碎屑岩系;流体包裹体及S、H、O同位素研究一致显示成矿流体主要为大气降水。成矿作用经历了原始含矿岩系(矿源层)的形成阶段及金的活化、迁移和富集阶段。区域构造及岩浆活动是引起金矿活化迁移和富集的主要因素。进一步加强对含矿层位的岩相古地理与岩石学研究、加强控矿构造的分析、确定控矿构造的力学性质及与区域主干断裂之间的配套关系,是今后找矿工作中需要特别注意的问题。     

Metallogenic Age of Dapinggou Gold Deposit in Northern Altun Area, Northwestern China

INTRODUCTION Metallogenicchronologyisthebasefromwhich weunderstandtheevolutionarypatternandorderofa metallogenicprovince(PeiandWu,1993).Research intometallogenicepochsisanindispensableareaof studyonmineraldeposits,regionalgeologyandtec tonics,andalsoaprer…     

桂西北明山卡林型金矿床热液矿物的显微组构与化学成分特征及其对成矿作用的指示

桂西北明山金矿是滇黔桂地区代表性的卡林型金矿之一,矿体受平行于区域性断裂右江断裂的北西西向次级断层控制,赋存于二叠系灰岩之上的中三叠统钙质细砂岩、碳钙质泥质粉砂质岩中。地质、岩相学特征和阴极发光、背散射电子影像、电子探针等分析研究表明,明山金矿发育了3个成矿阶段的热液矿物组合,不同热液矿物普遍具有多世代的特点。热液矿物中见有波状消光、带状消光、毕姆纹、压溶劈理、位错滑移等韧性剪切带粒内应变特征,坑道中也见有黄铁矿石英脉发生韧性变形、又被后期石英脉切断的现象,说明矿床经历了多次的脆-韧性变形。不同矿化期（阶段）的黄铁矿中Au和As的含量表明:沉积期黄铁矿Au、As的含量较低;成岩期黄铁矿中Au的含量高但As含量不高;而成矿期3个阶段的热液黄铁矿中都含较高的As和Au;热液黄铁矿核部包裹的交代残余黄铁矿Au、As含量较高,但变化范围较大,可能是变质成因。紧邻矿体的围岩中成岩黄铁矿从中心向外Au和As的含量逐渐降低,说明其中的As和Au在后来的构造和（或）热液事件中发生了活化迁移,越靠近颗粒边缘元素的活化迁移越强,这表明成矿物质来自于围岩。根据这些事实,推断明山矿区可能在成岩期发生了金的预富集,变形变质早期富含有机质的变质流体活动又使As发生了富集,主变质期流体的广泛渗透交代、活化出先存含金富砷黄铁矿中的Au和As,形成成矿流体。当成矿流体遇到富含活性铁的炭钙质泥质粉砂岩时,形成黄铁矿的同时发生Au的沉淀。     

黔东南金矿形成时代的确定兼论湘黔加里东金矿带

黔东南金矿是赋存在新元古代浅变质岩系中的石英脉型金矿,变质岩的原岩是一套火山-沉积岩,由凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、粉砂岩等组成,多具清楚的条纹韵律结构,反映了一种浊流沉积的环境。石英脉的产出受背斜构造和剪切断裂控制,有整合层间脉与断裂破碎带充填脉两种类型。石英脉的组成比较简单,除石英外,主要是硫化物类矿物及捕获的围岩成分。通过对5个矿点的石英中包裹体的Rb-Sr同位素测定和等时线法定年,确定其成矿时代为加里东期,与比邻的湘西同类型金矿的形成时代一致。根据赋矿地层岩性、地质演化历史与构造环境的比较,圈划出了一个湘黔加里东金矿带,对今后的找矿工作会有参考价值。     

浅论津巴布韦康尼玛拉（Connemara）金矿床地质特征及其找矿意义

康尼玛拉金矿床的形成与太古宙绿岩带、前寒武系变质岩关系密切,矿体、矿化蚀变体主要受NNW向断裂构造控制,属破碎蚀变岩型金矿,围岩蚀变发育,硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化与矿化关系密切,该矿区具有良好的找矿前景。     

新疆东天山石东金矿床成因及找矿标志

康古尔韧脆性剪切活动控制着东天山二叠纪大规模的金成矿作用。新发现的石东金矿位于东天山康古尔韧性剪切带西段,赋存于石炭系凝灰质砂岩与石炭纪正长斑岩接触带。根据该矿床矿物共生组合和蚀变类型成矿过程可分为黄铁矿-绢云母-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-多金属-自然金阶段(Ⅱ)和绿泥石-方解石-石英阶段(Ⅲ),主成矿阶段(Ⅱ)以粗大石英硫化物脉、中温热液蚀变为特征。载金硫化物及自然金电子探针数据显示该矿床与中低温变质热液活动关系密切,认为是二叠纪康古尔韧性剪切活动过程中形成的金矿床。石东正长斑岩(平均K₂O=8.8%)富集大离子亲石元素且具有较低的Mg#值(平均为30.8),认为其起源于康古尔增生杂岩部分熔融,与石东金矿没有直接成因联系。康古尔剪切带内地层-岩浆-构造活动均对二叠纪大规模金成矿事件有贡献,石炭纪碱性花岗侵入体与二叠纪脆-韧性变形是重要找矿标志。     

哈达门沟金矿床地质特征及其形成时代研究

哈达门沟金矿床位于华北地台北缘西段,产于太古代乌拉山岩群变质碉系中,矿床以发育一系列含金钾长石－石英脉为特征,这些钾长石－石英脉沿近东西向的韧、脆性叠加断裂成 出。钾长石化是最发的近矿围为。采用离子探针（ＳＨＲＩＭＰ）对矿体边部的钾长石化蚀变岩锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年结果表明：矿化钾长石化蚀变岩的年龄为１３２±２Ｍａ。由于钾长石化夺本身被金矿化,因此金矿化年龄小于或接近于１３２±２Ｍａ,为燕山晚期成矿。     

西秦岭金龙山卡林型金矿床地质-地球化学及矿床成因研究

金龙山金矿床位于南秦岭造山带的复理石褶冲带中,赋矿围岩为碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造,矿化明显受地层岩性与韧-脆性构造发育程度的控制。矿床稀土元素地球化学研究表明,地层岩石、矿石和热液矿物的轻重稀土分异程度和特征参数基本一致,表明成矿流体应主要来自于赋矿地层。铅同位素研究表明,地层岩石、矿石和热液矿物均具有较高的放射性成因的铅同位素组成,且均落入南秦岭造山带的泥盆系范围内,暗示铅也主要来自赋矿地层。对前人已有的碳-氧-硫-氢同位素组成和流体包裹体数据综合分析表明,碳和氧应主要来自海相碳酸盐的溶解作用,硫主要来自海相硫酸盐的热化学还原反应;从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体的δ18O及δD值向大气降水线＂漂移＂,指示成矿流体以盆地建造水和变质水为主,在晚阶段有大气降水加入。金龙山金矿床与卡林型金矿床的矿床地质-地球化学特征相似,应属于卡林型金矿床,其形成于秦岭造山带陆内造山作用过程中,多层次陆壳叠置加厚的地球动力学背景,是陆内碰撞造山作用的产物。     

浅论津巴布韦康尼玛拉（Connemara）金矿床地质特征及其找矿意义

康尼玛拉金矿床的形成与太古宙绿岩带、前寒武系变质岩关系密切,矿体、矿化蚀变体主要受NNW向断裂构造控制,属破碎蚀变岩型金矿,围岩蚀变发育,硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化与矿化关系密切,该矿区具有良好的找矿前景。