n—D Radon变换与波动方程偏移

本文把Ｒａｄｏｎ变换公式推广到任意ｎ维的情况。同时结合ｎ维Ｒａｄｏｎ变换和摄动理论提出了一种既能用于地面资料又能用于ＶＳＰ资料的偏移方法。     

几种时频分析方法的比较和实际应用

地震信号往往是非线性非平稳的,时频分析技术能同时展示信号在时间域和频率域的局部化特征。本文研究4种时频分析方法:短时傅里叶变换(STFT)、小波变换、广义相似文献   

一类广义Radon变换及反投影

本文提出了一类广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换及反投影公式。这种变换形式比常规Ｒａｄｏｎ变换形式具有更广泛的意义及应用。数值计算结果表明，反投影恢复性较好。     

地幔流体及其在地震孕育中的作用

依据地球物理宏观资料、行星化学和地球化学微观分析以及高温高压实验结果,阐明了地幔中存在丰富的流体,扼要介绍了若干流体引发地震的假说,简述了隐爆产生地震的机制。地幔矿物流体包裹体、高温高压相含水硅酸盐矿物与地球物理探测资料表明,整个地幔内普遍存在高能密流体,地幔过渡带和D″层是流体富集的地带,地幔中存在的总水量比海水量高出几个数量级。地幔高能密流体流动产生热对流,造成了固体地球内温度、电导率、地震波速度以及地球化学组成的不均一性。高能地幔流体向外逃逸,不仅改变了壳幔岩石的物理和化学性质,且为岩浆形成和地震孕育提供了能量。流体在地震孕育中的作用包括两个方面:降低断层带摩擦力以及岩石强度触发地震和流体爆炸或相变产生地震。流体爆炸产生地震是地核与下地幔流体以“运移—局部聚集—爆炸的幕式循环”反复进行,产生不同震源深度、不同震级的各类地震。然而,地幔流体的组成、行为及其在孕震过程中的作用机制还需深入研究。     

平面Radon变换的反演公式

本文借助球面平均法和Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间算子理论,给出了平面上Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的反演公式,此公式是具体的、构造性的,便于数值计算,或者进一步探讨重建图象的性质。     

基于Radon变换的CT图像杯状伪影校正

目的:目前的射束硬化校正算法大多需要能谱、检测器特性等信息。针对硬化校正的复杂性,提出一种基于图像后处理的硬化校正方法。方法:首先将带有杯状伪影的水模体CT图像中水的部分分割出来并对其做Radon变换以获取水的投影信息,以此信息构建带有未知系数的校正模型;然后将校正模型与理想图像对比,当它们之间的差异最小时,确定出校正模型的未知系数。利用确定出来的系数和预校正图像软组织的投影信息组合成的校正模型校正实际CT图像,以此消除实际CT图像中的硬化杯状伪影。结果:通过模拟数据验证表明,该方法能去除医用CT中由于射束硬化而引起的杯状伪影。结论:本文提出的方法在不需要能谱信息及投影数据的情况下就能进行杯状伪影的校正,提高了硬化校正的灵活性。      

广义Radon变换的正交展开和反演

本文具体给出了广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换在函数空间Ｌ＾２（Ｒ＾ｎ,Ｗｎ）上的正交函数展开形式,由此得到了广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的反演公式,从而推广了Ｌｏｕｉｓ和Ｄａｖｉｓｏｎ的工作。     

Chaotic Behavior of Soil Radon Gas and Applications

The soil ²²²Rn concentration non-linear patterns are investigated by the application of various chaos methodologies based on 70 272 measurement data from the East Anatolian Fault Zone, which is one of the world’s most active faults. Among these methodologies are Lyapunov exponent, surrogate data, rescaled range (R/S) analysis, Fourier spectrum, phase space reconstruction, mutual information, false nearest neighbors, and correlation dimension. The results indicate that the nonlinear dynamical approach is convenient for characterization and prediction of the ²²²Rn concentration dynamics, which are in turn usually used as an earthquake precursor. Behaviour of ²²²Rn gas is important in earthquake prediction researches.     

Determination of Dips and Depths of Near Surface Layers by Radon Transform

The refracted arrivals on seismic shot records have long been recognized as an efficient tool for the computation of detailed near-surface information. In this paper, a new concept of refraction static, which is based on the Radon transform and avoids the tedious process of picking first arrival times, is proposed. This method is particularly suitable when a rough near-surface problem necessitates the utilization of numerous shallow refraction data for the one reflector case. Quasi-linearity of refractors and a constant velocity medium are assumed within the shooting range. Synthetic and real cases have been tested to evaluate the performance of the method. The result is revealed to be satisfactory. Comparison of the synthetic model with the results obtained through the Radon transform reveals a very good accuracy for the proposed method.     

Mantle Transition Zone Structure Beneath Southeastern China and its Implications for Stagnant Slab and Water Transportation in the Mantle

We determined depth variation of the 410- and 660-km discontinuities beneath southeastern China by common-converted-point stacking of \(\rm P\) -wave receiver functions of 121 permanent Chinese seismic stations. We then combined the results with seismic velocity variation to estimate temperature and water content variations in the mantle transition zone of the region. Previous tomographic studies have shown a stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone in eastern Asia that is connected to subduction of the western Pacific. Temperature variations obtained clearly outline the shape of the stagnant slab, with its western edge at 113.5 \(^\circ\) E and the southern edge at 28.5 \(^\circ\) N. The correlation between the location of the stagnant slab and surface tectonics suggests that the Cenozoic extension in eastern China is closely associated with the subduction of the western Pacific and its eastward migration. The water content of the stagnant slab is lower than in surrounding slabs, suggesting that the water has already been released from the subducting slab into the upper mantle.     

Array Triplication Data Constraining Seismic Structure and Composition in the Mantle

Seismic data recorded in the upper mantle triplication distance range between 10° and 30° are generated by wave propagation through complex upper mantle structure. They can be used to place constraints on seismic velocity structures in the upper mantle, key seismic features near the major discontinuities, and anisotropic structure varying with depth. In this paper, we review wave propagation of the upper mantle triplicated phases, how different key seismic features can be studied using upper mantle triplicated data, and the importance of those seismic features to the understanding of mantle temperature and composition. We present two examples of using array triplicated phases to constrain upper mantle velocity structures and detailed features of a certain discontinuity, with one for a shallow event and the other for deep events. For the shallow event, we present examples of how the array triplication data can be used to constrain several key properties of the upper mantle: existence of a lithospheric lid, existence of a low velocity zone beneath the lithospheric lid, and P/S velocity ratio as a function of depth. For deep events, we show examples of how array triplication data can be used to constrain the detailed structures of a certain discontinuity: velocity gradients above and below the discontinuity, velocity jumps across the discontinuity and depth extents of different velocity gradients. We discuss challenges of the upper mantle triplication study, its connection to other approaches, and its potential for further studying some other important features of the mantle: the existence of double 660-km discontinuities, existence of low-velocity channels near major discontinuities and anisotropy varying with depth.     

Thermal Structure and Rheology of the Upper Mantle Derived from Mantle Xenoliths from Gansu Province, Western China

Mantle xenoliths brought up by Cenozoic volcanic rocks onto the earth‘s surface may provide direct information about the upper mantle beneath the volcanic region. This paper presents the study on mantle xenoliths collected from Haoti village, Dangchang County, Gansu Province, western China. The main purpose of the study is to gain an insight into the thermal structure and rbeology of the upper mantle beneath the region. The results show that the upper mantle of the region is composed mainly of spinel lherzolite at shallower depth (52-75km), and garnet iberzolite at greater depth (greater than 75km), instead of harzburgite and dunite as proposed by some previous studies. The upper mantle geotherm derived from the equilibrium temperatures and pressures of xenoliths from the region is lower than that of North China, and is somewhat closer to the Oceanic geotherm. The crust-mantle boundary is determined from the geotherm to be at about 52km, and the Moho seems to be the transition zone of lower crust material with spinel iberzolite. If we take 1280℃ as the temperature of the top of asthenosphere, then the fithospbere-asthenosphere boundary should be at about 120km depth. The differential stress of the upper mantle is determined by using recrystallized grain size piezometry, while the strain rate and equivalent viscosity are determined by using the high temperature flow law of peridotite. The differential stress, strain rate and viscosity profiles constructed on the basis of the obtained values indicate that asthenospberic diapir occurred in this region during the Cenozoic time, resulting in the corresponding thinning of the lithosphere. However, the scale and intensity of the diapir was significantly less than that occurring in the North China region. Moreover, numerous small-scale shear zones with localized deformation might occur in the iithospberic mantle, as evidenced by the extensive occurrence of xenoliths with tabular equigranular texture.     

宁夏及邻区地壳上地幔结构特征分析

介绍了宁夏及邻区1970年以来多种地球物理探测研究成果,揭示了该地区不同活动构造单元的深部地壳构造背景。分析表明, 活动块体相互作用、地壳深部断裂、地壳低速体、速度结构的差异和岩性的不同、上地幔顶部隆起、莫霍界面较大的起伏以及复杂的壳幔过渡带等构造特征与该区域强震的形成和发生有较为密切的关系。最后讨论了该区域强震发生的机理。     

波动方程反问题与广义RADON变换反演的一种关系

本文把波动方程反问题与广义Radon 变换的反演相联系。在假定弱散射条件下,把波动方程反问题转化成广义Radon 变换的反演问题,即如何从一系列关于目标函数在某类子流形上的积分值,去求出目标函数.这种转化提供了一种研究波动方程反问题的途径。     

局域双曲线Radon变换压制散射波研究与应用

一般而言,由于地下非均质体的存在所产生的二次波源,由它再生成新的波场,叫散射波场。目前,将散射波作为有效波来成像,已开始在溶洞和裂缝等特殊地质体的识别中得到应用。但对于野外资料采集来说,地表复杂地区,如戈壁、砾石区和山前带,大量存在的散射波却是干扰波,它们的存在会严重影响资料的品质,而其研究与实际应用国内外还很少。因此,通过正演模拟,分析散射波的基本特征,在此基础上研究散射波的去噪方法显得十分必要。本文从地震波运动学时距关系出发,研究了反射波和散射波的几何特征;然后用有限差分正演,模拟了散射波场,用理论模型研究并测试了局域双曲线Radon变换散射波去噪新方法。对于实际炮集资料,分析了F-K滤波方法压制散射噪声的局限,采用局域双曲Radon变换有效地去除了炮集中存在的散射噪声,取得了较好的应用效果。     

强震水氡前兆场异常特征及其物理解释

研究了岩石中微裂隙的产生与地下水氡浓度变化的关系以及孕震过程中微裂隙时空变化图像,揭示了水氡前兆场的时空变化特征及其物理机制。结果表明,孕震过程中岩石微破裂的生长是导致地下水氡含量升高及地震前出现水氡异常的原因;震源区及附近地区的膨胀和微破裂最早出现,并最为发育和集中,因此水氡异常也最早出现,也最为集中;孕震过程中微破裂增加,导致地下水氡含量升高,水氡趋势异常以趋势性升高为主。     

Free Energy Minimization by Simulated Annealing with Applications to Lithospheric Slabs and Mantle Plumes

—An optimization algorithm based upon the method of simulated annealing is of utility in calculating equilibrium phase assemblages as functions of pressure, temperature, and chemical composi tion. Operating by analogy to the statistical mechanics of the chemical system, it is applicable both to problems of strict chemical equilibrium and to problems involving metastability. The method reproduces known phase diagrams and illustrates the expected thermal deflection of phase transitions in thermal models of subducting lithospheric slabs and buoyant mantle plumes. It reveals temperature-induced changes in phase transition sharpness and the stability of Fe-rich γ phase within an α+γ field in cold slab thermal models, and it suggests that transitions such as the possible breakdown of silicate perovskite to mixed oxides can amplify velocity anomalies.     

青藏高原重力场与壳幔结构分析

本文基于重力资料, 分析了青藏高原壳幔结构模型、 高原陆内形变动力学条件、 高原深部物质运动特征及动力学机制。 研究表明, 重力布格异常和自由空间异常除了分别反映大地水准面之下的“剩余”密度信息和大地水准面之上的“附加”密度信息之外, 还可以组合在一起反映壳幔结构的流变学信息。 在整体处于Airy 重力均衡状态下, 如果局部布格异常与空间异常同向减小, 则是弱地壳强地幔的反映; 如果布格异常减小空间异常增大, 则是强地壳弱地幔的反映。 笔者认为, 青藏高原南部多为强地壳弱地幔地段, 东部既有强地壳弱地幔地段, 也有下地壳柔性-上地幔脆性地段, 北部多为弱地壳强地幔地段。 高原南北两侧板块边界的挤压力对高原做功, 重力位能使高原物质向低位势转移, 产生流变变形, 导致南区和北区主要为挤压变形区, 东区主要为构造伸展-侧向挤出区。 由于壳幔结构的差异, 不同地区驱动变形所需位能大小不同。 相同位能条件下, 南部更易于隆升, 东部更易于流变伸展。     

北京及附近地区地壳速度结构与构造

利用研究区多条地震测深剖面段观测资料解释及多条剖面段的模型数据计算出了研究区结晶基底及莫霍面深度等深线结果,对该地区地壳深部速度结构与构造进行了较详细研究.结果表明,地壳深部速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性,浅部基底断裂发育;研究区莫霍面等深线总体特征显示出从东向西逐渐加深趋势,局部区域显示异常变化,变化...     

江苏及邻区地壳上地幔结构研究

江苏及邻区在大地构造位置上跨越中朝断块区、扬子断块区和昆祁秦断褶系三大一级构造单元。研究区内有切割岩石圈级的深大断裂郯庐断裂,有大别-苏鲁超高压变质带,地质构造非常复杂。