新疆阿合奇地区色帕巴衣铅矿床成因:地质、地球化学研究的启示

新疆色帕巴衣铅矿床位于塔里木板块西北缘柯坪铅锌矿带内,发育鸡窝状矿化,赋存于丘里塔格组构造白云岩角砾和岩溶白云岩角砾中,围岩蚀变较弱。矿石呈角砾状构造,以方铅矿为主的金属矿物充填于白云岩角砾间。矿化白云岩微量元素富Cd、Sb、Mo,贫In,稀土元素总量较低、Eu负异常明显,这些特征揭示成矿流体为还原性的非岩浆热液。方铅矿的δ34S集中在4.5‰~7.5‰之间,相对较大且变化范围较小,铅同位素206Pb/204Pb=17.436~17.568,207Pb/204Pb=15.528~15.592,208Pb/204Pb=37.800~38.008,表明成矿流体可能由分别来自硫酸盐地层和古老结晶基底的两类不同性质流体混合形成。这些特征揭示色帕巴衣矿床可能为与盆地流体活动有关的后生层控MVT型铅锌矿床,主要控矿因素为构造裂隙及角砾岩系统。      

陕西潼关金矿田含金石英脉蚀变矿化特征及其成矿作用初析

本文论述了潼关金矿田含金石英脉蚀变矿化的主要特征,指出该矿田含金石英脉的蚀变围岩可分为两个带,即绢云母石英片岩带(或千枚岩带)和蚀变片麻岩带,认为整个蚀变带具典型的中温热液蚀变特征;在围岩热液蚀变过程中,Au、SiO_2、K_2O、CO_2和H_2O是带入组份,而Mg、Ti、Na_2O、Fe_2O_6、FeO和CaO是带出组份,Au未表现出明显的扩散效应.     

湖南省临湘市虎形山钨铍多金属矿床地球化学特征及成矿指示意义

湖南省临湘市虎形山钨矿是湖南省有色地勘局二四七队近年来勘探发现的超大型钨铍矿床。论文首次系统分析研究了矿区地层、蚀变围岩、断层以及矿体的地球化学特征及对成矿的指示作用,得出了矿区普遍存在W、Be多金属热液活动;成矿物质W、Sn、Bi、Mo、Li、Be等高温元素主要来自外源(深部),Pb、Zn、Ag等元素部分来自地层;含矿热液主要沿F1主断层及上下盘次级断层以充填交代成矿;矿化热液活动具多期性;主要热液来自深部岩浆等结论及认识。上述结论及认识对今后该地区的找矿工作具有一定指导意义。     

胶东大邓格金—多金属矿床热液蚀变过程中的元素迁移

为探讨胶东大邓格金—多金属矿床热液蚀变过程中元素的迁移规律及其与矿化的关系,本文对不同蚀变程度的赋矿围岩和矿体进行了岩石地球化学分析,采用元素迁移质量平衡计算方法（Isocon）,以Al2O3作为不活动组分进行了质量平衡计算。研究表明：从远矿围岩到近矿围岩主要发育绢英岩化蚀变,Mg、Na、Ti、P、Ca、Zn、Ni、Pb、Be、Sr、Th、U、Zr、Li、V、Nb、Ga、Ta、Sc、Hf、REE（除La、Ce、Pr）等元素迁入,Si、K、Cu、Cr、Co等元素迁出,Fe、Mn、Rb平均含量基本不变;从近矿围岩到矿体主要发育黄铁绢英岩化蚀变,Fe、Na、Mn、Ti、Mg、Cu、Zn、Sr、V、Sc、Zr、Co、REE等元素迁入,K、Ni、Pb、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、Th、U、Cr、Nb、Ta等元素迁出,Si、Al、P、Ca、Ga、Hf平均含量基本不变。Cu、Zn等成矿元素在绢英岩化过程中被活化进入成矿流体中,在黄铁绢英岩化过程中沉淀,形成黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等硫化物。受古太平洋板片俯冲后撤的影响,胶东地区在中生代发生了大规模的岩浆活动和强烈的地壳隆升,所产生的热隆伸展构造为该区大规模成矿提供了有利条件在围岩蚀变过程中,Au可能以［Au(HS)2］络合物的形式进行迁移。伴随着热液蚀变过程中成矿流体的不断演化,氧逸度降低,体系处于还原环境,大量与金矿化相关的硫化物（黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等）伴随金沉淀富集成矿。     

广西云开地区金银成矿条件分析

广西云开地区系指容县—博白一线以东广西境内地区,包括云开隆起西南部与博白拗陷两个构造单元,面积近11800km~2。它属我国粤西—桂东金银锡铌钽成矿带。区内有金银矿床(点)近70处,受博白—岑溪深断裂带控制,寒武—奥陶系是金银矿主要赋存层位,构造蚀变岩型金银矿床是主要矿床类型。本文在论述该区成矿地质背景基础上,详细地对析了物源、成矿热液、岩浆活动、构造活动与地球化学等成矿条件,认为:区内的寒武—奥陶系是金银的原始矿源岩,在局部地段经过长期地质作用的改造可形成金银再造矿源岩(构造蚀变岩),又是金银矿体定位有利地段;成矿热液是以地下水为主并渗入了大气降水与岩浆水的混合型热液;燕山晚期中酸性岩浆活动是成矿的重要条件:断裂构造交汇处是矿化集中区:指出区内金银矿化主要与寒武—奥陶系、动力变质带和燕山晚期中酸性岩存在时空和成因联系,揭示了成矿具多源、多期和多成因特点,并概括为原始矿源岩→再造矿源岩→矿体的步进递增成矿模式。文后对深化找矿提出三点建议。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗必鲁甘干钼矿区地质特征及矿床成因浅析

按传统大地构造理论,内蒙古阿巴嘎旗必鲁甘干钼矿区大地构造位置位于天山内蒙地槽褶皱系,内蒙华力西晚期褶皱带中部,三级构造单元阿巴嘎旗复向斜中段,查干敖包倒转背斜的核部,区域构造运动以华力西晚期和印支期构造运动为主,印支期侵入岩---花岗斑岩与成矿关系密切,地壳深处重溶的原始岩浆侵入于砂质板岩、杂砾岩等围岩中,将围岩蚀变成各类角岩,经过分异,成矿物质大量聚集,冷凝后为成矿母岩,而容矿构造为含矿热液的运移、充填交代、矿质沉淀提供了有利空间,且矿化范围严格受热液蚀变范围控制,热液的多次脉动,控制了多阶段的矿化,热液蚀变的叠加部位是矿化富集的有利地段,认为在花岗斑岩和围岩的内外接触带附近易形成斑岩型钼矿床。     

浙江中生代浅成热液金银成矿作用的耗散结构模型

浙江中生代主要浅成热液金银矿床在蚀变-矿化过程中的一些物理化学特征参数(如T、P、St和ρ等)呈非线性的变化关系,其控制变量是P、T和PH值.推断条带(或环带)状构造的矿脉(石)是由减压沸腾作用造成的.据Drummond等(1985)沸腾的模拟计算和研究表明,[H+]浓度是决定沸腾热液中的Au、Ag等成矿元素命运的主要因素.因此,可以[H+]浓度(状态变量)作为序参量来反映成矿溶液中Au、Ag浓度的变化趋势;并建立其自组织过程的动力学方程与开放沸腾热液系统Au、Ag沉淀的耗散结构模型.     

嵩县前河正长斑岩构造蚀变岩型金矿地质特征

前河地区原生金矿,总体属构造蚀变岩型,细分尚可分若干亚类。其中,正长斑岩构造蚀变岩型金矿是最重要的类型之一。容矿岩石为正长斑岩,矿体大小不等,控矿破碎带内的岩石曾经受了早期塑性变形和晚期脆性破碎两个阶段。容矿岩石及矿体围岩,曾受多次热液蚀变作用。可分三个成矿期:岩桨热液期、表生期、沉积期。岩浆热液期为最主要的成矿期,划分四个矿化阶段,每阶段都有特征的蚀变矿物和矿物组合。     

湘西合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变及质量平衡

湘西柳林汊一带钠长石-石英脉型金矿十分发育。为了揭示该区金矿的成矿物质来源、成矿过程及成矿流体信息,对该区最典型的合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变特征进行研究,并利用标准化Isocon图解法,对围岩蚀变过程中物质带入、带出进行质量平衡计算。结果表明:合仁坪金矿床的围岩蚀变主要包括绢云母化(褪色化)、黄铁矿化和绿泥石化,其中褪色化分布最为广泛,是该区金矿床最重要的蚀变类型;在合仁坪金矿床形成过程中,围岩中的Al2O3为惰性组分,Na2O、Sr、V、Cr、W、Nb、Th及部分挥发分(S、CO2和H2O)等组分被带入围岩中,而SiO2、Fe2O3、K2O、CaO、MgO、Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Sb、Li、Rb、Ba等组分从围岩中迁出;轻稀土元素的迁出程度远远大于重稀土元素,围岩蚀变过程中轻、重稀土元素发生强烈的分异;矿脉中钠长石的钠质并非来自赋矿围岩,而是由成矿流体从外界带入的;矿脉石英中硅质则部分来自赋矿围岩。     

热液矿床中Pb的迁移和沉淀机制研究综述

岩浆结晶过程中,矿物-熔体相分离时,Pb优先进入熔体相,表现出不相容性;流体-熔体相分离时,Pb优先进入流体相;卤水-气相分离时,Pb优先进入卤水相; Pb在成矿过程中主要进入液相中进行迁移。氧化、偏酸性、富氯热液体系中,Pb主要以PbCl2-n_n(0≤n≤4)形式迁移,尤其在高于350℃的高温环境下,Pb的氯络合物起支配作用;中低温、贫氯、高还原硫的碱性热液中,Pb主要以硫氢络合物形式迁移;氧化、贫氯的强碱性(pH>7.5)热液中,Pb主要以羟基络合物形式迁移;贫Cl-且富CO₃2-和HCO-₃配体的中、低温弱碱性热液体系中,PbCO0₃、Pb(CO₃)2-₂络合物也很重要。NH₃、F-、Br-、S2-_x、NaPbCl0₃、NaPbCl₄-以及S₂O2-₃等潜在无机配体对Pb迁移成矿意义不大。某些有机配体,如羧酸、氨基酸、腐殖酸,在低温(＜200℃)条件下对Pb的运移成矿有重要作用,尤其羧酸比较重要。在成矿过程中,岩浆-热液成因的Pb Zn矿床通常经历了早期岩浆房去气、期后热液和晚期热液3个阶段。非岩浆热液成因的层控Pb Zn矿床流体主要为盆地卤水,矿化机制主要为构造挤压与重力的联合驱动,或者伸展背景下的海底热液对流。影响Pb沉淀富集的微观因素主要包括热液组成、温度、压力、pH值以及Eh值等。热液演化过程中,沸腾减压、围岩蚀变以及流体混合等地质作用促使上述微观物理化学因素发生显著变化,形成地球化学障,从而使得矿石矿物大量沉淀。      

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。