鲁西寒武纪三级层序地层及海平面变化

鲁西地区寒武纪地层与华北地台一样,属稳定克拉通陆表海沉积,其三级层序明显由若干个次级层序复合而成。根据苍山、新泰、长清等地露头层序地层学的研究,可将鲁西寒武纪地层划分为１６ 个三级层序,每一层序均表现为向上变浅的进积序列,底部常以沉积间断面为界,顶部见有暴露标志。通过对构成层序的三个基本要素的分析,探讨了相应的海平面变化。     

鲁西寒武系层序地层特征及在区调中的应用

鲁西地区寒武纪地层发育较好,沉积记录具旋回性的特点。根据层序地层学的原理与方法,按照不同的层序界面类型、岩石组合特点及沉积相序叠置关系,在该区寒武系中识别出１５个三级层序界面,划分出１４个三级层序（—Ｃ１～—Ｃ１４）。这些层序的共同特点是海侵体系域和高水位体系域发育较好,而典型的低水位体系域则未见及。通过分析海平面的变化规律及其延续时限,它们被归并为两个中层序（ＭＳ１、ＭＳ２）,分别对应于二级海平面变化旋回和碳酸盐台地的两个发育阶段。     

大连金州地区震旦纪─早寒武世地层格架

大连金州地区震旦纪、早寒武世地层发育。本区该套地层可划分为震旦纪辽南超层序和早寒武世满家滩超层序，在其内部又可进一步划分为南关岭层序、棋盘磨层序、陆海层序、葛屯层序、大林子层序和草坨子层序六个层序地层单位。各层序之间均为不整合，其类型包括陆上暴露带、海岸暴露带及海侵面。每个层序仅由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成。前者为退积地层结构，后者为进积地层，而中间饥饿段却表现为以加积为主，所有变化都与相对海平面及全球海平面变化有关。在此基础上，建立了区域地层格架，指出了本区该时期沉积范围主要在台地之内部（中陆架），局部发育深水陆棚盆地。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷沉积记录的天文旋回响应

基于东海陆架盆地古新世-始新世前人解释的三级层序成果,认为东海陆架盆地现有的三级层序划分不足以满足当下研究的需要,由此开展了旋回地层与层序地层研究,重新将三级层序界面的与基于对岩性及地震相特征变化的解释相结合,加入了天文旋回驱动的机制,阐明海平面变化驱动三级层序的特征。以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的BSH-1井及其相邻的NB-25-2-1井为研究对象,结合地层学研究基础,选取GR测井曲线为古气候替代指标,应用旋回地层学的理论及其时间序列分析、频谱分析技术的方法,对两口典型钻井进行了天文旋回分析,借助邻井时间锚点建立了有效的天文年代标尺,探讨了斜率周期信号变化的振幅调制的约1.2 Ma长周期与海平面变化以及三级层序发育的关系,认为东海陆架盆地三级层序受控于稳定的约1.2 Ma的斜率振幅调制周期。最终形成一套绝对天文年代标尺与一套三级层序划分方案。      

辽东半岛南部张夏组中上部高频率旋回层序及复合海平面变化

辽南地区张夏组中上部高频率旋回地层特征明显,反映高频旋回特点。根据岩性、岩相及界面特征,对其进行划分。其中复州地区划分出４个四级旋回层序,２１个五级旋回层序,７０～８０个六级旋回层序;大连地区共划分出４个四级旋回层序,１９个五级旋回层序及７４个六级旋回层序。各级别旋回层均由相应的次一级旋回层序向上变浅、变厚、变粗的序列组成,其底部均以相应级别的间断—加深面为界。三、四级旋回层序具有区域对比意义。该期海平面具有高频振荡特点,为一复合海平面变化旋回。     

北羌塘盆地雀莫错组三段混合沉积层系发育特征及控制因素

利用羌科1井元素录井数据,采用频谱分析方法,综合沉积环境分析及海平面变化,研究北羌塘盆地雀莫错组三段混合沉积层系的发育特征和控制因素。结果表明:长周期海平面较低的位置,容易形成碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩的高频混合沉积层系;长周期海平面较高的位置,不容易出现高频混合沉积现象,岩性较稳定。混合沉积发育规律是沉积环境对海平面变化的响应。长周期海平面变化引起沉积环境的变化,产生陆源碎屑输入与碳酸盐岩生产力的变化,控制大尺度的混合沉积发育特征;短周期海平面变化受天文旋回的控制,引起高频海平面波动,产生高频混合沉积层系。同时,不同尺度海平面变化的叠加,控制雀莫错组三段长周期和短周期混合沉积层系发育的相互关系。该研究对认识羌塘盆地侏罗系的地层特征和沉积演化具有指导意义。     

珠江口盆地北部早—中中新世滨线迁移轨迹与沉积体系演化

根据三维地震和钻测井资料,研究珠江口盆地北部珠江组—韩江组层序划分及沉积演化特征,明确珠江口盆地北部早—中中新世沉积体系演化与海平面变化的关系;通过识别不同类型的前积倾斜层特征,分析早—中中新世滨线迁移趋势,建立滨线迁移轨迹与层序旋回及海平面变化的对应关系。结果表明:珠江口盆地北部陆架区早—中中新世珠江组—韩江组划分为2个二级层序(CS1和CS2)和8个三级层序(S1-S8),研究区识别5种前积倾斜层,并划分为上升海侵型、下降海退型和下降海侵型3种滨线迁移轨迹类型。珠江组沉积早期,陆架边缘三角洲体系自陆架边缘向陆地退积,逐渐演化为内陆架三角洲而形成上升海侵型滨线迁移轨迹;珠江组沉积晚期—韩江组沉积早期,三角洲体系开始向盆地方向推进,逐渐演化为外陆架三角洲体系,滨线迁移轨迹呈下降海退型;韩江组沉积晚期,三角洲体系再次后退至内陆架区而形成下降海侵型滨线迁移轨迹。研究区滨线迁移轨迹与区域性海平面变化具有良好的对应关系。该结果对研究区油气勘探具有指导意义。     

燕山地区宣龙坳陷中元古界洪水庄组-铁岭组沉积相分析与层序格架的建立

根据野外露头信息的综合分析,结合沉积模式和层序地层学的基本原理,总结了燕山地区宣龙坳陷洪水庄组和铁岭组
的沉积相特征和层序地层格架。研究表明,该区洪水庄组-铁岭组沉积时期为一套局限台地潮坪相沉积,垂向上的沉积微相更能
敏锐地反映海平面的相对变化。根据对各个层序界面的识别,将洪水庄组划分为1个三级层序DS1,铁岭组划分为2个三级层序
DS2和DS3,由海侵体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成,不具有形成凝缩层的环境。根据研究区各时期沉积环境与层序地层
的特点,建立了符合研究区洪水庄组和铁岭组的沉积模式,初步探讨了研究区所经历的沉积演化过程。      

层序-岩相古地理图及其编制

在中国岩相古地理研究历史简要回顾基础上,以层序地层学理论为指导,就如何编制层序-岩相古地理图进行了讨论,首先是编图单元的选择,一是以层序内的体系域为成图单元,二是以相关界面为成图单元.具体方法是在对所研究的层位进行精细的层序地层分析的基础上,进行层序对比,建立等时地层格架.在上述基础上系统编制不同层序内的各体系域或有关界面沉积时的古地理图.以此方法所编制的层序-岩相古地理图具有重要的理论和现实意义,主要表现为更具有等时性、成因连续性和实用性,能更好地反映一个地区在统一地质作用场中的各种地质信息和综合效应;可以揭示出一些新的地质现象,对于覆盖区相带展布及变化具更合理的预测性.进而以中国南方二叠纪为例,在层序划分、对比的基础上,系统编制了一个完整的海平面变化旋回条件下的层序-岩相古地理图,并描述了其平面展布特点.     

铁岭凡河地区元古宙地层格架建立初探

铁岭凡河地区元古宙地层始于凡河元古宙坳拉谷沉积，根据岩石地层学、生物地层学、年代地层学等研究成果，结合现代层序地层学理论，自下而上划分六个层序，即关门山层序，虎头岭层序、二道沟层序、石门层序、杨士屯层序、于北沟层序。每个层序仅由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成，分别代表海侵退积地层结构和海退进积地层结构，而中间饥饿段则以加积为主。各层序间均为不整合，其类型包括海岸暴露带和海侵面。在此基础上，建立了区域地层格架。     

地球系统科学数据共享网的气候-海面变化数据集建设

在地球系统科学数据共享网的长江中下游分节点建设中,全球气候-海面变化在中国东部地区的区域响应,是该节点系列数据库群建设的三大科学主题之一。在GIS技术和数据库技术的支撑下,通过对数据集建设的整体规划与技术实现,可望由通常的科学数据下载中心向科学数据服务中心转变。针对区域地球系统科学研究的需要,本文以气候-海面变化数据集为例,探讨了该数据集的建设目标,进行了数据集的整体规划与设计,该数据集由6个不同主题的科学数据库和文献库构成,文献库不仅是数据集的重要组成部分,同时历史文献也是重要的数据来源之一。进而讨论了数据库设计的区域编码规则、表结构和元数据描述;将数据检索划分基本数据、专题、空间和文献检索四类,并对用户检索的流程和机制进行了探讨。最后指出了以科学数据收集分析为目标进行数据集建设所需注意的相关问题。     

地壳形变与海平面变化

本文根据冰川和海平面变化资料，探讨地壳形变对冰川消长和海平面升降的响应，并由此得出可以解释相应的地球物理现象的有益结果。这些结果对地壳形变的测量和地震预报有重要意义。     

Long term sea level change and water mass balance in the South China Sea

Sea level anomalies observed by altimeter during the 1993–2006 period, thermosteric sea level anomalies estimated by using subsurface temperature data produced by Ishii and SODA reanalysis data, tide gauge records and HOAPS freshwater flux data were analyzed to investigate the long term sea level change and the water mass balance in the South China Sea. The altimeter-observed sea level showed a rising rate of (3.5±0.9) mm yr-1 during the period 1993–2006, but this figure was considered to have been highly d...     

Seasonal change of steric sea level in the GIN seas

The Greenland Sea,Iceland Sea,and Norwegian Sea (GIN seas) form the main channel connecting the Arctic Ocean with other Oceans,where significant water and energy exchange take place,and play an important role in global climate change.In this study steric sea level,associated with temperature and salinity,in the GIN seas is examined based on analysis of the monthly temperature and salinity fields from Polar science center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC3.0).A method proposed by Tabata et al.is used to calculate steric sea level,in which,steric sea level change due to thermal expansion and haline contraction is termed as the thermosteric component (TC) and the halosteric component (SC),recpectively.Total steric sea level (TSSL) change is the sum of TC and SC.The study shows that SC is making more contributions than TC to the seasonal change of TSSL in the Greenland Sea,whereas TC contributes more in the Norwegian and the Iceland Seas.Annual variation of TSSL is larger than 50 mm over most regions of the GIN Seas,and can be larger than 200 mm at some locations such as 308 mm at 76.5 N,12.5 E and 246 mm at 77.5 N,17.5 W.     

福建沿海的海面变化及其影响

本文根据福建沿海４个验潮站的验潮资料，计算了各站的局域海平面长趋势变化。结果表明，福建沿海的局域海平面变化速率为１～２ｍｍ／ａ，４个验潮站的平均变化速率为０．９ｍｍ／ａ，最后讨论了海面变化可能引起的次生灾害。     

连云港海平面变化与地震相关性的探讨

利用连云港验潮站长达４３年的验潮资料,结合华北地区４次７级以上强震和江苏及其以东黄海海域１８次中强以上地震的震例分析,认为：经基本消除主要干扰因素的连云港平均海平面变化,表征了与地震有关的地壳形变信息。它对监测华北地区强震和江苏及邻近地区的中强震,具有一定的参考价值。     

Mean sea level changes near Weizhou island from 1969 to 2010

Tidal data from Weizhou, Zhapo, and Shanwei stations between 1969 and 2010 and from five gauging stations in the western Pacific Ocean provided by PSMSL, and the global mean sea level data recorded between December 1992 and December 2010 by TOPEX and Jason satellites were compiled and analyzed. The results show that the perennial mean sea level near Weizhou Island is 211.7 cm(relative to the water gauge zero), and the relative mean sea level rising rate is 2.2 mm yr-1 from 1969 to 2010, which is consistent with the relative mean sea level rising rate recorded at other gauging stations in the western Pacific regions and with the global mean sea level rising rate. The absolute mean sea level rising rate at Weizhou Island is 3.0 mm yr-1 from 1993 to 2010, also conforming with the global mean sea level rising rate(3.1±0.4 mm yr-1) during the same time period. The highest annual tide level at Weizhou Island has a rising rate of 4.6 mm yr-1 and shows a 20-year quasi-periodic variation from 1966 to 2010. The primary cause of the mean sea level rising is global warming.     

Global sea level change and thermal contribution

The global long-term sea level trend is obtained from the analysis of tide gauge data and TOPEX/Poseidon data. The linear trend of global mean sea level is highly non-umiform spatially, with an average rate of 2.2 mm year-1 in T/P sea-level rise from October 1992 to September 2002. Sea level change duc to temperature vanation (the thermosteric sea level) is discussed. The results are compared with TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data in the same temporal span at different spatial scales. It is indicated that the ther-mal effect accounts for 86% and 73% of the observed seasonal variability in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The TOPEX/Poseidon observed sea level lags behind the TSI, by 2 months in the zonal band of 40°-60° in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Systematic differences of about 1-2cm between TOPEX/Poseidon observations and thermosteric sea level data are obtained. The potential causes for these differences include water exchange among the atmosphere, land, and oceans, and some pos-sible deviations in thermosteric contribution estimates and geophysical corrections to the TOPEX/Poseidon data.     

Sedimentary evolution since the late Last Deglaciation in the western North Yellow Sea

To decipher the sedimentary evolution and environmental changes since the late Last Deglaciation, two gravity cores were analyzed from the western North Yellow Sea (NYS). The two cores (B-L44 and B-U35) were sampled for grain size, clay minerals, detrital minerals, and 14C dating. They are comparable in lithofaies, and the observed succession was divided into four depositional units based on lithology and mineral assemblages, which recorded the postglacial transgression. Depositional unit 4 (DU 4) (before 11.5 ka) was characterized with enrichment in sand, and was interpreted as nearshore deposits in shallow water during the Younger Dryas Event. DU 3 (11.5-9.6 ka) displayed a fining-upward succession composed of sediments from local rivers, such as the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and from coastal erosion, which clearly were related to the Early Holocene transgression. Stable muddy deposition (DU 2) in NYS began to form at about 9.6 ka, which received direct supply of fine materials from the Shandong subaqueous clinoform. It is believed that the Yellow Sea circulation system played a major role in controlling the formation of fine sediment deposition in DU 1 (after 6.4 ka) after the sea level maximum.