滇西南思茅盆地盐岩Sr同位素特征及其对区域成盐作用的启示

滇西南思茅盆地是中国西部重要的中—新生代含钾盐盆地，但其成盐物质来源一直存在争议。文章测定了滇西南思茅 盆地磨黑地区钻孔中盐岩样品的87Sr/86Sr同位素比值，同时结合区域其他含盐带已发表的Sr同位素数据，讨论成盐物质来源。 磨黑地区盐岩的87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.708598~0.709333之间，与思茅盆地其他含盐带盐岩的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.707504~0.711069）一 致，较接近于中新生代海水的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.7068~0.7092），但87Sr/86Sr比值略高于海水，显示有陆源水混合现象。结合Sr同位 素证据与盆地演化史，一些地球化学和矿物特征，作者推测思茅盆地盐岩成盐物质来源主要是海水，存在少量陆源水的混入。     

滇西南思茅盆地盐岩Sr同位素特征及其对区域成盐作用的启示

滇西南思茅盆地是中国西部重要的中—新生代含钾盐盆地,但其成盐物质来源一直存在争议。文章测定了滇西南思茅 盆地磨黑地区钻孔中盐岩样品的87Sr/86Sr同位素比值,同时结合区域其他含盐带已发表的Sr同位素数据,讨论成盐物质来源。 磨黑地区盐岩的87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.708598~0.709333之间,与思茅盆地其他含盐带盐岩的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.707504~0.711069）一 致,较接近于中新生代海水的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.7068~0.7092）,但87Sr/86Sr比值略高于海水,显示有陆源水混合现象。结合Sr同位 素证据与盆地演化史,一些地球化学和矿物特征,作者推测思茅盆地盐岩成盐物质来源主要是海水,存在少量陆源水的混入。     

Sr-S-K同位素示踪思茅盆地深部富钾盐体的物源

思茅盆地2350 m以深新发现了累计厚度149 m的富钾盐体。为了厘定其成钾物质来源,本文重点对15件钾石盐岩样品的Sr、K同位素和7件硬石膏岩样品的Sr、S同位素进行了分析。结果显示样品的Sr、S、K同位素均具有海水的特征,说明该盐体的成钾物质来源为海水。87Sr/86Sr值分别与δ34S. V- CDT值和δ41K值负相关揭示析盐期存在陆源淡水补给蒸发盆地。淡水补给导致样品的87Sr/86Sr值大于母源海水、δ34S. V- CDT和δ41K值小于母源海水。混源模拟计算显示钾石盐岩中淡水补给锶元素的比例为3. 3%~29. 2%,硬石膏岩中淡水补给锶元素的比例不超过35. 2%。淡水补给Sr、S、K元素的量较少,不足以影响我们根据相应的同位素指标对盐体母质来源的识别。本项研究综合应用传统的Sr- S同位素与新兴的K同位素示踪思茅盆地深部富钾盐体的物源,为进一步研究其成因机理提供了可靠的数据支撑。     

蒸发岩序列中氯化物盐的氯同位素分馏效应及应用——兼论塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地古代岩盐的沉积阶段

卤水蒸发析盐到晚期阶段,才有可能析出溶解度极大的钾盐类矿物,因此在一个成盐盆地要找到钾盐矿床,除判断物源特征外,还必须找到最晚沉积阶段的区域和层位。本文通过对实验室配制溶液和盐湖卤水蒸发析出的不同氯化物矿物、钾盐矿床沉积序列不同阶段盐类矿物对比分析,讨论了氯同位素的分馏规律。结果表明,不同蒸发浓缩阶段的氯化物盐,氯同位素发生显著分馏。一般钾盐沉积层位的石盐δ³⁷Cl值小于0,钾石盐及其以后沉积的氯化物δ³⁷Cl值小于-0.5‰,特别是钾石盐以后析出的氯化物更为偏负,光卤石一般小于-1.00‰,而钾盐沉积阶段之前早期沉积石盐的δ³⁷Cl值显著偏正。因此,δ³⁷Cl值是判断岩盐沉积阶段的有效指标。基于此,对塔里木库车盆地第三纪、莎车盆地白垩-第三纪部分代表性盐矿点以及柴达木盆地西部不同构造单元、不同层位第三纪岩盐沉积做了氯同位素分析。初步结果表明塔里木莎车盆地晚白垩世岩盐的沉积阶段明显晚于库车盆地第三纪沉积,特别是莎车盆地喀什次级凹陷δ³⁷Cl值最低,大部分样品小于-0.5‰,推测该区成盐古卤水已浓缩到晚期或接近晚期钾盐沉积阶段,应是今后一重点开展钾盐找矿的区域。柴达木盆地油墩子、南翼山地区中新统、上新统蒸发岩沉积序列δ³⁷Cl值普遍偏正,推测当时卤水浓缩演化可能只达到石盐沉积阶段,浓缩到后期阶段的富K⁺、Mg²⁺盐溶液随西部隆起迁移到柴达木盆地南部地区,因此认为第三纪地层虽然石盐沉积层位多,厚度大,但找到大规模钾盐矿床的可能性不大。     

蒸发岩中硫同位素的地球化学特征及其沉积学意义——以思茅盆地MZK- 3井为例

思茅盆地目前是中国唯一的含古代固体钾盐矿床的沉积盆地,其钾盐形成时代、物源特征、海侵方向等多年来一直存在争议。本文依据海相硬石膏的形成条件、存在形式、同位素分馏机理,重点分析了盆地内MZK-3井蒸发岩硫同位素的地球化学特征。结果表明:①岩盐中的硬石膏在蒸发盆地析岩盐阶段即可形成,单独成层的硬石膏是由原始沉积的石膏经历了沉积埋藏升温进而脱水而成;②岩盐中硬石膏的硫同位素值具有"双峰"特征,分别为14‰～16‰和8‰～10‰或6‰～8‰,这体现了硫酸盐的双重来源——原始海水中的硫酸盐和陆源淡水输入的硫酸盐或火山活动提供的硫源;③硬石膏层的硫同位素在区域上具有对比性,结合~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值的特征,认为其代表了海相的沉积环境;④硬石膏层的硫同位素值平面上由南向北降低,可能反映了在此方向陆源淡水或火山活动对蒸发岩盆地的影响逐渐增强,进而说明这可能也是海侵的方向。可见对硬石膏硫同位素的研究,不仅在沉积学上能揭示物源、沉积环境、海侵方向等信息,更能对研究区钾盐矿床勘查提供有益的参考。     

锶同位素地层学在碎屑岩成岩研究中的应用

基于同一地质历史时期海水的锶同位素组成为一定值的锶同位素地层学基本原理,可将锶同位素地层学用于碎屑岩成岩作用研究,以评价海相和非海相对成岩作用的影响.三个不同类型的研究实例说明:1)海相碎屑岩成岩流体的锶同位素组成的演化途径有较好的规律性,陆相影响随成岩作用的进行而增加,相对晚期的碳酸盐胶结物的87Sr/86Sr比值通常高于相对早期的碳酸盐胶结物,变化的本底值即为同期海水的锶同位素组成,该数值为一定值;2)有沉积期深源锶和非同期海相影响的陆相碎屑岩中,碳酸盐胶结物的锶同位素比值可能低于大陆淡水,但埋藏成岩过程中相对晚期的碳酸盐胶结物的87Sr/86Sr比值仍高于相对早期的碳酸盐胶结物;3)当深部流体影响碎屑岩的整个成岩过程时,深源锶的烙印可以抹掉或减少不同成岩阶段不同程度陆相影响造成的各种碳酸盐胶结物之间锶同位素组成的差别,使各种碳酸盐胶结物都具有很低的87Sr/86Sr比值,因而缺乏其它沉积盆地中常见的相对晚期碳酸盐胶结物87Sr/86Sr比值高于早期胶结物的一般模式。     

宁夏香山群徐家圈组顶部薄层石灰岩锶同位素与局限海盆地分析

宁夏香山群主体为一套深水浊流沉积的灰绿色细砂岩夹泥岩,在鄂尔多斯盆地西缘及河西走廊地区下古生界占有重要的位置,其时代归属对于北祁连地区大地构造演化、宁夏区域地质和鄂尔多斯盆地西缘海相深水油气勘探均具有重要意义。本文采用沉积学和沉积地球化学的方法,着重分析了香山群徐家圈组顶部薄层石灰岩锶同位素的特征,结果表明：① 薄层石灰岩受成岩蚀变程度较小,87Sr/86Sr值基本可代表沉积时海水的特征;② 87Sr/86Sr值在0. 71057~0. 71356之间,平均值为0. 71189,远大于寒武纪和奥陶纪海水87Sr/86Sr值;③ 87Sr/86Sr值和盐度呈较好的负线性相关,和温度及Mn/Sr比值呈较好的正线性相关;④ 87Sr/86Sr值和Si含量略具负线性相关趋势,和Al含量及Mg含量具有较弱的负线性相关性。结合鄂尔多斯盆地西缘早古生代大地构造演化和香山群相关研究成果认为：徐家圈组顶部薄层石灰岩可能沉积于受古陆或水下隆起阻隔的局限海盆深水环境,沉积时海水主要受和硅铝质岩石进行充分锶同位素交换的海底热液及流经喀斯特风化壳的地表径流影响,与同期大洋海水相比具有高的87Sr/86Sr值.     

松辽盆地北部地层水同位素特征及其地质意义

盆地流体是沉积盆地中非常活跃的因子,盆地流体的水文地球化学特征主要是受控于流体-岩石相互作用。本文以松辽盆地北部为研究对象,基于地层水的水文地球化学特征、锶-氢-氧同位素数据分析,初步探讨了水-岩反应与锶-氢-氧同位素的关系。这一研究对于丰富同位素示踪、水-岩相互作用等基础理论具有重要研究意义。分析表明,位于盆地西部地区地层水明显受到古大气降水的影响,中央凹陷地区δ18O正偏移可能是由水岩作用加强引起的。地层水为大气水与原生沉积水的混合,较轻的δD值反映出原始沉积水属陆相沉积水。地层水的87Sr/86Sr值略低而Sr2+含量又较高,是高87Sr/86Sr值流体端元与低87Sr/86Sr值流体端元的混合,即地表来源水与深部水的混合,也更多地受到高Sr2+含量低87Sr/86Sr值的火山-地热水等幔源深部水的补给。     

黄骅坳陷奥陶系古岩溶储层锶同位素地球化学特征

为研究古岩溶储层锶同位素地球化学特征,以同位素地球化学实验为手段,结合全球锶同位素背景,探讨黄骅坳陷奥陶系岩溶储层锶同位素地球化学特征成因,分析其南、北区差异性。研究结果表明,黄骅坳陷奥陶系各组地层~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值变化范围高于全球所在沉积时期的变化范围值,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值变化趋势与全球奥陶系所在沉积时期的变化趋势具有相似性;奥陶系原始碳酸盐岩地层经历了后期古岩溶作用和流体的改造,古陆富~(87)Sr流体对各类岩溶岩和填充物岩反应后大幅度提高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值;白云岩~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值均明显高于同层位的灰岩,证实白云岩对~(87)Sr捕获能力普遍强于灰岩;黄骅坳陷北区经历的表生岩溶作用时间远大于南区,岩溶作用强度高于南区,北区富~(87)Sr流体置换作用亦强于南区,构成了锶同位素~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值南低、北高的差异性。     

广东东莞地区中侏罗统塘厦组凝灰质沉积物的元素地球化学特征及构造背景

东莞地区中侏罗统塘厦组为富含凝灰质的湖泊沉积。对样品进行全岩分析和ICP-MS微量元素分析,并计算Sr/Ba、B/Ga和Ca/Mg比值,其比值变化与古盐度变化成正相关,特征显示塘厦组为咸水湖泊沉积,由下至上古盐度逐渐降低,水体深度也逐渐变浅。对样品进行ICP-MS稀土元素分析,计算各样品δCe值和(La/Yb)_N比值,δCe值介于0.83 ~ 1.31之间,(La/Yb)_N值均明显大于1或小于1,其特征反映湖泊沉积物沉积速率较低,只在塘厦组底部和上部出现相对高的沉积。元素P和Sr/Cu值反映其富集与迁移,受到气候的控制。元素P平均值在0.205×10^-2; Sr/Cu平均值大于4.0×10^-6,在中晚期出现最低值1.42×10^-6,这是塘厦组以干热气候为主,中晚期出现了短暂温湿气候所造成的。塘厦组为干热气候下缓慢沉积的咸水湖泊沉积。Zr-Th、La-Th-Sc判别图解、稀土元素特征及区域构造分析,显示中侏罗世东莞地区构造背景为活动大陆边缘的弧后盆地。受伸展作用影响,本区发育弧后裂谷型湖盆。泥岩La/Yb-∑REE源岩判别图解显示,源岩为玄武岩、花岗岩和沉积岩。     

中亚盆地钾盐矿床盐类矿物Rb-Sr同位素体系研究及其意义

中亚盆地钾盐矿床的形成时代目前被限定为晚侏罗世至早白垩世,较为宽泛.盐类矿物沉积之后若未被改造,可测定其形成时代;若被改造则可利用同位素测年研究其沉积后作用.为了得到中亚盆地钾盐矿床的形成时代和/或了解盐类矿物受到的后期改造过程,利用Rb-Sr同位素定年对矿床中的盐类矿物进行了测定.结果表明,无法形成可靠的Rb-Sr等...     

Multiple fluid components of salt diapirs and salt dome cap rocks, Gulf Coast, U.S.A.

Salt diapirs contain a few percent of anhydrite that accumulated as residue to form anhydrite cap rocks during salt dissolutions. Reported ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of these salt-hosted and cap rock anhydrites in the Gulf Coast, U.S.A., indicate their derivation from Middle Jurassic seawater. However, a much wider range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, incorporating a highly radiogenic component in addition to the Middle Jurassic component, has been found in several Gulf Coast salt domes. This wide range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of anhydrite within the salt stocks records Sr contributions from both marine water and formation water that has equilibrated with siliciclastics. During cap rock formation this anhydrite either recrystallized in the presence of, or was cemented by, a low-Sr fluid with a Late Cretaceous seawter-type Sr isotope ratio or simply lost Sr during recrystallization. Later, the cap rock was invaded by warm saline brines with high Sr isotope ratios from which barite and metal sulfides were precipitated. Subsequently, low-salinity water hydrated part of the anhydrite bringing to six the total number of fluids that interacted througout the history of salt dome and cap rock growth. The progenitor of these salt diapirs, the Louann Formation, is generally thought to have formed from marine water evaporated to halite and, rarely, higher evaporite facies. Salt domes in the East Texas, North Louisiana, and Mississippi Salt Basins have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ³⁴S values that corroborate a Mid-Jurassic age for the mother salt. However, salt domes in the Houston and Rio Grande Embayments of the Gulf Coast Basin have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ration ranging to values higher than both Middle Jurassic seawater and all Rb-free marine Phanerozoic rocks. These anomalous ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are probably derived from radiogenic Sr-bearing fluids that equilibrated with siliciclastic rocks and invaded the salt either prior to, or during, diapirism. Potential sources of the radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr component include clay and/or feldspar (located either in older units beneath the Louann Formation or younger units flanking the salt diapirs) and K-salts within the Louann evaporites. Because partial Sr exchange in anhydrite had to take place in a fluid medium, admittance of radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr-bearing fluids into the salt may have led to diapirism by lowering the shear strength of the crystalline salt. The slight number of anomalous ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values in the interior basins indicates that anomalous values are related to areally discrete structural or stratigraphic controls that affected only the Gulf Coast Basin.     

Geologic settings of the potassium formations in the Lanping-Simao Basin,Yunnan provinceEI北大核心CSCD

The Lanping-Simao Basin is an important potash basin in western Yunnan province. In this paper, we study the potash deposit potential of the basin by systemic analysis of the tectonic evolution, paleogeography, paleoclimate, distribution of salt deposition and geochemical characteristics. The geochemical characteristics of Br and 87Sr/86Sr reflect that the salts maybe originated from sea water. Based on geological setting analysis, we suggest that the Late Triassic and Jurassic are important salt-forming eras of the Lanping-Simao Basin, and there may be a thick layer of source salt at the depth of the basin, with huge potash potential. With analysis of 87Sr/86Sr ratio, we argue that the potassium deposits in the Mengyejing area were sourced from the deep buried Mesozoic evaporate strata. We suggest that attention should be paid to the deep buried Mesozoic evaporate strata in the future potash exploration in Southwestern Yunnan.     

The origins of the Mengye potash deposit in the Lanping–Simao Basin,Yunnan Province,Western China

The Lanping–Simao Basin (LSB) is a Mesozoic–Cenozoic continental margin rift basin in Western China. It formed during the opening and closing of the Tethys Ocean. This basin is also known as a “metal belt” as it hosts several metal deposits, besides, the Mengye potash deposit. However, the exact dates of the formation either in the Paleocene or the Cretaceous, and thus the origins of the marine, continental or mixed origins of the Mengye deposits, remain disputed. Based on the basin's evolution, materials of marine origin and/or remnant seawater should be present, but instead the salt layers of the Mengye potash deposit present typically continental lithological features. This study examines and reviews evaporative minerals, Br/Cl and I/Cl molar ratios, and isotopes of S, B, and Sr·I and I/Cl data for this area has not been previously reported. The basin's evaporative minerals are dominated by halite and sylvite. The amounts of anhydrite, chlorocalcite, langbeinite, glaserite, tachyhydrite and glauberite are small. All of these form in both marine and continental environments. The values of I and the I/Cl molar ratios of halite and sylvite are from 0.07 to 0.27 ppm, and from 0.03 to 0.11 × 10^− 6, respectively, dependent on organic substances. Br and molar Br/Cl values are from 89.08 to 555.45 ppm and from 0.06 × 10^− 3 to 0.38 × 10^− 3, respectively. All of the Br/Cl molar ratios are lower than those of seawater, and most of them are < 0.1, suggesting continental or mixed origin. Previously published δ³⁴S, δ¹¹B and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values for evaporative minerals indicate a continental origin for the Mengye potash deposit. However, materials of hydrothermal origin are widely distributed in the basin and may have played an active role for the formation of the potash deposit. Thus the Mengye potash deposit could be of continental origin, with a remnant seawater trace.     

四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的锶同位素特征及其地质意义

锶同位素已经成为全球海平面变化、造山运动、古气候和古环境等全球地质事件研究与对比的有效工具之一。本文以四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的野外剖面和钻孔岩心为主要研究对象,测试了碳酸盐岩、硫酸盐岩和石盐岩的锶同位素组成,并建立了相应的锶同位素演化曲线。研究结果显示,碳酸盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值平均为0.707 895,硬石膏岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值平均为0.708 174,石盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值平均为0.708 177,同时碳酸盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值从早三叠世的0.707 413快速增加到中三叠世早期的0.708 515,而后呈现下降趋势。从总体上看,这些⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值与全球早中三叠世同期的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值数据接近,说明四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世钾盐的物质来源大部分为海水,并沉积于海相沉积环境,同时由于火山...     

Hydrogeochemistry and strontium isotopes of spring and mineral waters from Monte Vulture volcano,Italy

This paper describes the results of a study that was conducted to determine the relationship between hydrogeochemical composition and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios of the Mt. Vulture spring waters. Forty samples of spring waters were collected from local outcrops of Quaternary volcanites. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in the field and analyses completed for major and minor elements and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic ratios. A range of water types was distinguished varying from alkaline-earth bicarbonate waters, reflecting less intense water–rock interaction processes to alkali bicarbonate waters, probably representing interaction with volcanic rocks of Mt. Vulture and marine evaporites. The average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios suggest at least 3 different sources. However, some samples have average Sr isotope ratios (0.70704–0.70778) well above those of the volcanites. These ratios imply interaction with other rocks having higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, probably Triassic evaporites, which is substantiated by their higher content of Na, SO₄ and Cl. The Sr isotope ratios for some samples (e.g. Toka and Traficante) are intermediate between the value for the Vulture volcanites and that for the local Mesozoic rocks. The salt content of these samples also lies between the value for waters interacting solely with the volcanites and the value measured in the more saline samples. These waters are thus assumed to result from the mixing of waters circulating in volcanic rocks with waters presumably interacting with the sedimentary bedrock (marine evaporites).     

A strontium isotopic study of formation waters from the Illinois basin, U.S.A.

The isotopic composition of Sr has been measured in 73 formation-water samples from Paleozoic strata in the Illinois basin; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios range from 0.7079 to 0.7108. With the exception of four samples, the waters are more radiogenic than corresponding Paleozoic sea-water values. The relatively narrow range of slightly elevated ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr rations is uniformly distributed in waters throughout the stratigraphic column and in Silurian waters across the basin. Isotopic analyses of core samples from reservoir rocks show an absence of water-rock Sr isotopic equilibration. Basin lithology and analyses of detrital rock units indicate that clay minerals in shales and in quartz sandstone matrices represent the only significant source of radiogenic Sr for the waters. Silurian and Devonian water show a two-component mixing relation which suggests that they comprise a single hydrogeological system that evolved when radiogenic water from New Albany shales entered Silurian-Devonian carbonate rocks and mixed with marine interstitial water. Regional migration of the waters and associated petroleum within the Silurian-Devonian strata, proposed in other studies, is consistent with the Sr isotopic data. Under favorable circumstances subsurface waters are capable of retaining a Sr isotopic recor of their evolution.     

湘中锡矿山锑矿床的Sr同位素地球化学

对湘中锡矿山锑矿床围岩灰岩、硅化灰岩、煌斑岩和脉石矿物进行了系统的Sr同位素研究。结果表明，矿区围岩发生了隐性蚀变，灰岩中Sr亏损，而^87Sr/^86Sr高于同时代的海相碳酸盐，这种隐性蚀变很可能是水／岩反应所致。矿体附近的硅化灰岩中Sr更加亏损，而^87Sr/^86Sr明显增加。成矿期方解石的^87Sr/^86Sr较高，成矿体系中变化的W／R比造成了方解石中^87Sr/^86Sr值的明显波动。成矿流体为一富放射成因^87Sr的溶液。成矿流体来自或流经基底地层，流体中的Sr由基底碎屑岩提供，矿质Sb也可能主要来自富Sb的元古宇基底。水／岩反应的理论模拟显示，锡矿山成矿流体中的Sr约为3．0μg/g，^87Sr/^86Sr为０．７１７；蚀变－成矿体系为一开放体系，矿石的沉淀机制主要为水／岩反应，成矿体系中W／R 比较高。