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陵水17-2气田位于中国南海琼东南盆地,是中国海油自营勘探发现的第一个深水高产气田,探明储量规模超千亿立方米.在水深200~1600 m区域,采用工程调查船与自主式水下潜器调查结合的方式,进行地球物理资料采集、海底表层取样及钻探取样,并对多波束测深、后向散射强度、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、室内测试分析等数据进行综合分析,研... 相似文献
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中国科学院海洋研究所在开展西太平洋马里亚纳海山区多学科综合科学考察的过程中,利用“科学”轮船载的全水深多波束测深系统Seabeam3012对多个海山进行了地形测量工作。针对作业过程中遇到的恶劣海况导致采集数据质量差、多波束系统易检测错误海底信息、测线布设难度大等问题,提出了基于船体姿态对数据质量影响分析的多波束测线方向优化、基于地形变化并参考浅地层剖面资料的作业参数优化和基于实时采集情况的多波束采集测线布设优化等一系列措施,有效地提高了海山区多波束数据采集质量,并提高了作业效率。获得的高品质地形数据,为多学科协同研究奠定了基础,为ROV等设备的现场作业提供了安全保障。 相似文献
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海底烃类渗漏在向上运移过程中会改变深部地层和海底表层沉积物的声学性质,在地震和浅地层剖面上会形成各种可能指示烃类渗漏的地球物理标志。渗漏烃到达海底后会改变海底表面形态,形成与海底烃类渗漏有关的表面特征,如麻坑构造、海底凸起、海底古河道、碳酸盐丘、硬地面、泥火山以及表面断层等。渗漏烃进入海水后在继续上升过程中会形成气泡、渗漏羽,到达海面后会形成表面油膜。利用侧扫声纳、多波束测深和浅地层剖面可以探测到与海底烃类渗漏有关的表面特征。合成孔径雷达能够识别因海底烃类渗漏形成的海水表面油膜。海底烃类渗漏的地球物理标志是间接的,必须通过地球化学校验才能确定渗漏的存在。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海域首次开展了综合地球物理调查,并同步采集了重磁震及多波束、浅地层剖面等数据,主要利用采集的多道地震剖面及多波束数据研究了雅浦俯冲带主要构造单元的地貌及沉积地层结构特征,并进一步探讨了加罗林洋脊俯冲作用下的构造特征。研究表明弧后的帕里西维拉盆地为区域沉积中心,最厚处可能发育近千米沉积层,而雅浦海沟内未发育明显水平沉积,以俯冲侵蚀作用为主;加罗林俯冲板片之上的加罗林洋脊因其特殊的地形地貌改造了俯冲带的构造发育特征,可能造成了岛弧岩浆作用的南、北部差异;揭示了雅浦海沟北段的地貌及地质结构细节特征,认为加罗林洋脊的高地形可能导致了海沟附近的俯冲板片更大的挠曲拉张量,从而形成垒堑构造带;为索罗尔海槽的盆地张裂结构提供了多道地震剖面证据,并推测了海槽的形成年代。 相似文献
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探测查明海砂分布及其资源量, 对海洋矿产资源规划和社会经济发展有重要意义。利用在中国台湾浅滩采集的单波束测深、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、单道地震等多源地球物理数据, 识别出海底沙脊、沙波、埋藏古河道等有利于海砂赋存的地貌标志, 以及厚泥盖层等不利标志, 它们在平面上渐变交错分布。地球物理数据与表层沉积物、钻孔岩心结果对比, 证实浅地层剖面能有效识别表层砂体上部和排除厚泥盖层(厚度>10m), 表层砂体上部呈断续中弱振幅杂乱反射; 单道地震剖面能有效识别砂-泥地层界面, 垂向上刻画表层及埋藏砂体形态, 砂体最主要的特征为连续性差的弱振幅反射中夹杂空白、杂乱的“白雾”反射。砂体响应特征反映了砂体声学较难穿透的特性, 同时也可能是砂体含气所致。分析表明在砂体形态多变或钻孔分布密度低时, 利用地球物理方法, 结合一定数量的钻孔岩心约束, 相比仅依靠大量钻孔岩心, 可更为经济、高效地对砂体的垂向形态和平面展布进行精细刻画, 从而有利于更准确地估算海砂的资源量。 相似文献
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海底堆积体(充填体)体积量算技术在航道疏浚等海洋工程成本核算以及海洋执法方面有着广泛的应用。基于高精度多波束和参量阵极浅地层测量,总结了一种高精度计算海底堆积体体积的方法:提取海底堆积物表面多波束(地形)数据以及堆积体浅地层剖面(厚度)数据,通过GIS叠加及三维分析,可获得高精度海底堆积体体积数据。该方法原理简单、易于实现且精度高,基于日照海洋调查工程数据进行了实际测量与计算,证明了方法的可行性和准确性。该方法也可应用于海底以下地层中发育的特殊充填的自然沉积体相关参数的识别与量算。 相似文献
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受声线弯曲的影响,多波束测深的边缘波束的数据质量较低,而单波束测深受声线弯曲的影响比较小。结合多波束覆盖面大和声速剖面误差对单波束影响相对较小的特点,研究了多波束和单波束的测深数据融合方法,利用同一位置单波束和多波束测深数据的差值,拟合一个与坐标位置相关的误差模型,并利用该误差曲面对多波束测深数据进行综合改正,从而提高多波束测深的数据质量。 相似文献
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Jess I. T. Hillman Geoffroy Lamarche Arne Pallentin Ingo A. Pecher Andrew R. Gorman Jens Schneider von Deimling 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(1-2):205-227
Using automated supervised segmentation of multibeam backscatter data to delineate seafloor substrates is a relatively novel technique. Low-frequency multibeam echosounders (MBES), such as the 12-kHz EM120, present particular difficulties since the signal can penetrate several metres into the seafloor, depending on substrate type. We present a case study illustrating how a non-targeted dataset may be used to derive information from multibeam backscatter data regarding distribution of substrate types. The results allow us to assess limitations associated with low frequency MBES where sub-bottom layering is present, and test the accuracy of automated supervised segmentation performed using SonarScope® software. This is done through comparison of predicted and observed substrate from backscatter facies-derived classes and substrate data, reinforced using quantitative statistical analysis based on a confusion matrix. We use sediment samples, video transects and sub-bottom profiles acquired on the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand. Inferences on the substrate types are made using the Generic Seafloor Acoustic Backscatter (GSAB) model, and the extents of the backscatter classes are delineated by automated supervised segmentation. Correlating substrate data to backscatter classes revealed that backscatter amplitude may correspond to lithologies up to 4 m below the seafloor. Our results emphasise several issues related to substrate characterisation using backscatter classification, primarily because the GSAB model does not only relate to grain size and roughness properties of substrate, but also accounts for other parameters that influence backscatter. Better understanding these limitations allows us to derive first-order interpretations of sediment properties from automated supervised segmentation. 相似文献
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Relationships among seep community biomass, diversity, and physiographic controls such as underlying geology are not well understood. Previous efforts to constrain these relationships at the Blake Ridge Diapir were limited to observations from piloted deep-submergence vehicles. In August 2012, the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry collected geophysical and photographic data over a 0.131 km2 area at the Blake Ridge Diapir seeps. A nested survey approach was used that began with a regional or reconnaissance-style survey using sub-bottom mapping systems to locate and identify seeps and underlying conduits. This survey was followed by AUV-mounted sidescan sonar and multibeam echosounder systems mapping on a mesoscale to characterize the seabed physiography. At the most detailed survey level, digital photographic imaging was used to resolve sub-meter characteristics of the biology. Four pockmarks (25–70 m diameter) were documented, each supporting chemosynthetic communities. Concentric zonation of mussels and clams suggests the influence of chemical gradients on megafaunal distribution. Data collection and analytical techniques used here yield high-resolution habitat maps that can serve as baselines to constrain temporal evolution of seafloor seeps, and to inform ecological niche modeling and resource management. 相似文献
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随着测量技术的不断进步,多波束测深系统以其高效率、全覆盖的特点,得到广泛认可并应用于海道测量工作中,然而不同型号的多波束测深系统,其信号质量在不同使用方法下有着显著的差异[1].针对影响Reson 8101增强型多波束数据质量的几项因素进行测试并分析,从而找出有效提高数据质量的方法. 相似文献
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Hubert Gagné Patrick Lajeunesse Guillaume St-Onge Andrée Bolduc 《Geo-Marine Letters》2009,29(3):191-200
Multibeam sonar data, acoustic sub-bottom profiles and box cores were used to study the activity of submarine canyons and
fans near the city of Les Escoumins, on the North Shore of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (Eastern Canada). The multibeam
data were used to generate a high-resolution digital terrain model that reveals the presence of a large number of canyons
and fans along the northern slopes of the Laurentian Channel. This paper focuses on two of the larger canyons, and their associated
submarine fans. The sub-bottom profiles on the fans reveal high-amplitude reflections at the sediment/water interface and
near the seafloor surface, indicating the occurrence of layers of coarse material. A turbidite was observed in a box core
sampled in one of the fans, confirming the nature of the coarse layer. Geophysical and sedimentological data indicate that
the canyons and fans play an important role in transferring coastal sandy sediments to the deeper marine environments by longshore
drift-initiated turbidity flows, and thereby contribute to the negative sediment budget along the coast. The morphology of
the canyons indicates that they were produced by a combination of erosive turbidity flows and retrogressive failures. The
two box cores sampled on the fans reveal a recent (~last 60 years) quasi-exponential increase in sand content near the surface
of the cores, possibly reflecting recent deforestation and/or increased coastal erosion. 相似文献
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经验正交函数(EOF)是描述声速剖面的有效基函数,通常只需要前几阶EOF即可较为精确地表示声速剖面。但使用EOF重构的声速剖面进行多波束测量声速改正时,选取的阶次未必满足多波束测深精度要求。针对此问题,首先介绍了EOF表示声速剖面的原理及流程,然后以北海某区域实测声速剖面数据为例,分析了不同阶次EOF拟合声速剖面误差以及不同阶次EOF拟合声速剖面对多波束测深的影响,最后结合NOAA对多波束测量声速剖面误差造成的水深限差要求确定EOF阶次,实现了在满足多波束测深精度的同时,合理确定EOF阶次的目的。 相似文献