Cyg X-1高态和转换态的X射线短时标爆发

分析ＲＸＴＥ卫星ＰＣＡ探测器对ＣｙｇＸ－１的观测数据,得到了其处于高态及高低态转换时的Ｘ射线短时标爆发（Ｓｈｏｔ）结构．在所观测到的三种态中是不对称的,并且不同的状态中Ｓｈｏｔ的结构有明显差异．Ｓｈｏｔ前后沿可分别由双指数函数近似拟合．Ｓｈｏｔ中的快时变过程是由慢的上升前沿和快的下降后沿构成．在所观测态中Ｓｈｏｔ平均宽度约为０．１１秒（ＦＷＨＭ）,比低态时的宽度窄．同一状态中高能段的Ｓｈｏｔ宽度较低能段窄,且更加不对称．转换态的硬度在Ｓｈｏｔ峰前有明显下降,之后迅速上升,Ｓｈｏｔ期间的平均硬度低于非Ｓｈｏｔ期平均值;而高态时峰前硬度没有明显下降,Ｓｈｏｔ期间的平均硬度高于非Ｓｈｏｔ期间的平均值．本文还就Ｓｈｏｔ的产生机制进行了讨论．     

黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1光变曲线的研究

利用Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer(RXTE)卫星从1996年1月到2005年5月的公共资料,研究了黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1光变曲线的周期性,并且发现了一些有趣的周期特性(T=1．0±0．2天和T=18．0±3．0天)．在硬态时,T=1．0±0．2天和T=18．0±3．0天的周期特性同时出现在它的光变曲线之中,但在软态时仅有T=1．0±0．2天的周期出现．采用一种新的方法(即微分法),同时为了检验微分法的正确性,还利用传统的方法(即快速傅立叶变换和叠加法)分析了相同的资料,并得到了与微分法相同的结果．另外也对Cyg X-1的轨道周期进行了研究,结果发现T=5．6天的轨道周期不仅出现在硬态,同时也出现在软态,只是在硬态时比在软态时明显．     

CygX-1 X辐射的功率谱

运用自回归功率谱研究CygX－1X辐射的频谱特征,结果显示CygX－1转换态和高／软态时变频谱的连续成分,可以统一由有截断的幂律加噪声成分描述,转换态存在小于3Hz的宽峰结构及准周期振荡（QPO）成分（4－12Hz）,而高／软态完全可由截断幂律谱描述,不存在显著的QPO．截断频率在各态都相当稳定,在不同态的演化与平流为主的吸积流模型（ADAF）预期的情形一致．本文结果表明,自回归功率港分析是研究X射线双星光变特征的一个有效的方法．     

A Study on the Long-term Spectral Variability of the Black-hole Candidate X-ray Binary Cyg X-1

Using the All-Sky Monitor (ASM, 1.5–12–kev) data of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) from January 1996 to May 2005, we have made a detailed analysis of the correlation between photon-count rate and spectral hardness ratio HR2 (5–12 keV/3–5 keV) of the black-hole candidate X-ray binary Cyg X-1 in 3 energy bands, namely the A-band (1.5–3 keV), B-band (3–5 keV) and Cband (5–12 keV). By the study on the ASM data of 1-day time scale, we find: (1) When Cyg X-1 is in the soft state, the A-band photon-count rate and hardness ratio HR2 exhibit an anticorrelation, but in B-band and C-band there appears the positive correlation. When Cyg X-1 is in hard state, the photon-count rates in the A,B,C bands are all inversely correlated with the hardness ratio HR2; (2) No matter whether Cyg X-1 is in the soft state or the hard state, the hardness ratios HR2 and HR1 are always positively correlated. In addition, we have analyzed the “dwell by dwell” data of the ASM, and obtained the following interesting results: (1) In the period of MJD = 52600–52760 (while Cyg X-1 is in the hard state), the photon-count rates in the A-band and B-band are inversely correlated with HR2, but in the C-band there appears a relatively strong positive correlation; (2) During the hard state, a clear anticorrelation exists between the hardness ratios HR2 and HR1.     

Observation of ultra low hard X-ray flux from Cyg X-1 —A possible partial occulation of the X-ray source

The black hole candidate Cyg X-1 was observed in ultra low state on march 30, 1997 using Large Area Scintillation counter Experiment (LASE) in the hard X-ray energy region of 20–180 keV. During the 30 minute exposure a combined signal of 68 sigma was obtained, however, the measured flux at 50 keV was lower by a factor of 2 than the minimum flux reported so far. Using the recent orbital ephemeris of the source, our snap-shot observations were made at ϕ_5.6 = 0.915, which corresponds to the binary minimum revealed by the ASM light curves. The daily average data from the BATSE detectors give the source intensity level to be higher by a factor of 5. Very low flux values measured in the present experiment suggest that the hard X-ray source may have been partially occulted by the primary companion during its transit near the X-ray minimum.     

Frequency-resolved spectroscopy of Cyg X-1: fast variability of the reflected emission in the soft state

Using RXTE /PCA data, we study the fast variability of the reflected emission in the soft spectral state of Cyg X-1 by means of Fourier frequency-resolved spectroscopy. We find that the rms amplitude of variations of the reflected emission has the same frequency dependence as the primary radiation down to time-scales of ≲30–50 ms. This might indicate that the reflected flux reproduces, with nearly flat response, variations of the primary emission. Such behaviour differs notably from that of the hard spectral state, in which variations of the reflected flux are significantly suppressed in comparison with the primary emission, on time-scales shorter than ∼0.5–1 s.
If related to the finite light-crossing time of the reflector, these results suggest that the characteristic size of the reflector, presumably an optically thick accretion disc, in the hard spectral state is larger by a factor of ≳5–10 than in the soft spectral state. Modelling the transfer function of the disc, we estimate the inner radius of the accretion disc to be R _in∼100 R _g in the hard state and R _in≲10 R _g in the soft state for a 10-M_⊙ black hole.     

The short timescale bursts of Cyg X-1 in the high and transitional states

Short timescale bursts or “shots” of Cyg X-1 in one ms time bins were obtained from PCA/RXTE observation. By superposing many shots lined up at the peak, a mean profile was obtained, and this was done seperately for the different states, high, transitional and low. The mean shot profile is different for the different states. The duration of shot is shorter in the high than in the transitional state. In both, the duration is about 0.11 s, which is shorter than in the low state. The profile is more asymmetrical in high than in low energy bands. In the transitional state, the average hardness during shots is lower than that of the steady component. The mechanism of shot generation is discussed.     

The additional radiation of Cyg X-1 at primary minimum

New UBV-photoelectric observations of the well-known massive X-ray binary system Cyg X-1/V 1357 Cyg are obtained near the primary minimum. The detailed analysis of these observations confirms the existence of additional blue radiation which appears as a narrow peak with an amplitude of 0.01–0.02 mag near phase 0.00 on the light curve (the superior conjunction of the relativistic component), firstly detected by Lyuty (1985). This emission does not appear at every orbital cycle. The appearance of this narrow peak of additional blue radiation on the light curve of Cyg X-1 can be explained as the radiation of relativistic electrons in the disturbed magnetic field of the optical star in frames of the model proposed by Ikhsanov and Fabrika (1990).     

A Study on the Periodicity of Hardness Ratio of the X-ray Binary Cyg X-1 as a Black Hole Candidate

Using the All-Sky Monitor (ASM, 1.5∼12 keV) data of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) from January 1996 to October 2011, we have analyzed in detail the power spectrum of the hardness ratio (HR) (5∼12 keV/3∼5 keV) of the X-ray binary Cyg X-1 as a black hole candidate. The results show that the HR exhibits the following periodical variations: (1) During MJD = 50087∼55841, the HR presented the the periods T ≈ 5.6 d, T ≈ 40.0 d, T ≈ 78.4 d, T ≈ 173.8 d, and T ≈ 400/800 d; (2) When Cyg X-1 was in the hard state, the HR exhibited the periods T ≈ 5.6 d, T ≈ 33.7/67.6 d, T ≈ 45.3 d, and T ≈ 165.3 d; (3) When Cyg X-1 was in the soft state, the HR exhibited the periods T ≈ 38.5 d, T ≈ d, and T ≈ 128.3 d. Moreover, using the viscosity theory and Zdziarski accretion disk model, we have made a discussion on the physical mechanism of this kind of periodicity.