加入多尺度图像纹理的岩性分类

利用遥感图像进行岩性分类,是遥感地质应用的重要方面之一.本文运用地统计学中变差函数提取图像纹理,并与原始的光谱图像相结合用于遥感图像的岩性分类.文章分析了不同尺度的纹理信息对岩性分类的作用,并进一步分析和比较多尺度图像纹理对岩性分类的作用.结果表明,在岩性分类过程中加入不同尺度的纹理信息可不同程度地提高图像的岩性分类精度,而同时加入多尺度的纹理信息,可得到更高的分类精度.将多尺度的图像纹理信息和光谱信息综合,是一种有效的岩性分类方法.     

论遥感图像的影像线——环结构

遥感图像的线性体和环形体是遥感图像的最基本单元，最基本要素，影像线－环结构是线性体和环形体相互组合排列关系，是一种影像－地质形式，具有影像特征和地质特征的双重性，影像线－－环结构的研究有助于遥感信息中的地质信息识别，有助于遥感图像信息的地质图件化，也有利于建立线一环结构找矿策略，开展遥感地质成矿预测。     

复杂结构构造区遥感图像的地质信息提取方法——基于小波变换的多层次图像分割

针对基岩裸露的造山带变形强烈、地层组合复杂、解译难度大的特点，提出了一种有效结合纹理信息和颜色信息的小波帧包变换的多层次图像分割方法，克服了以往图像处理方法将低层特征孤立起来的缺陷，在南天山东段铜花山－硫磺山地区地表地质结构的遥感影像解译中获得了令人满意的效果，为强烈变形的复杂结构构造区从遥感图像上提取地质信息提供了有效的途径。     

多尺度纹理及多光谱影像协同的遥感岩性识别方法

岩性识别是遥感图像分类的难点,也是遥感地质应用的难点和热点。从遥感地质应用的实际需求出发,以西昆仑地区侏罗纪沉积岩地层为例,通过尺度转换提取高分遥感图像的多尺度纹理信息,采用波段叠加的方式协同多尺度纹理信息与ASTER影像多光谱信息进行岩性识别方法研究。利用WorldView-2全色数据进行向上尺度转换,形成空间分辨率分别为0.5,2,5,10,15,30m6种尺度图像数据,基于灰度共生矩阵提取各尺度上的纹理信息;将不同尺度的纹理信息分别与ASTER多光谱数据叠加形成协同数据;采用监督分类方法对研究区协同数据进行岩性分类。结果表明:(1)岩性纹理信息对空间尺度表现出依赖性,纹理信息量及含义随空间尺度不同而变化;(2)每套特定岩层因其独特的几何空间结构特征(厚度、产状、夹层、互层等)都有与之相适应的最佳纹理尺度,且该最佳尺度下纹理与光谱的协同效应最大;(3)纹理信息与多光谱数据形成的协同数据能有效提高岩性分类的精度,分类精度提高的程度与纹理计算的尺度相关。研究区岩性分类结果显示当纹理尺度为10m时,与仅基于ASTER纯光谱分类结果相比,精度提高了约6.9%。     

基于分形几何的遥感图像纹理分析方法及应用

从遥感影像的空间结构特征入手，利用在图像分析中具有巨大发展潜力的分形学方法，引入表征图像灰度曲面和自然形状代表性模式来计算遥感影像窗口的分维值，通过数据转换形成可视化图形图像，并与常规纹理分析方法进行了综合对比。最后对上饶地区典型子区不同等级、不同层次的地质体单元及构造信息进行了具体分析，实现了岩体单元—超单元的详细划分；对地层的划分精度可以逐级达到组、段和亚段；对不易识别的微弱构造信息的增强与提取亦具有较好的效果，表现在对弱信息域的断裂构造的提取和对线性构造场分布信息的增强。     

基于小波变换的遥感纹理信息提取

遥感纹理信息是地物空间特征的综合反映,综合纹理信息是进行专题信息提取获取的重要依据.遥感数据具有复杂性、统计性和随机性,同时,遥感图像中地学信息,如地质构造、蚀变信息及岩性分界等高频信息具有一定的方向性;小波变换具有"变焦性"、对称性、正则性等特点,可以较为快速地检测到奇变信号.利用小波变换可以快速、有效地提取遥感纹理高频奇变信息.     

基于多源遥感与航空物探数据的岩性分类方法

遥感影像可以获取地表岩性的光谱、色调、纹理等信息,但其所提取的信息局限于地表,对深层地质问题解释并无明显优势;航空物探数据则对地下深部异常体信息的提取更具优势.单一某类数据难以满足基础地质、资源勘查等方面复杂应用的需求.因此,提出一种遥感与航空物探信息联合分析方法,以新疆某地为研究区,结合遥感与航空物探多源数据特征,基...     

福建永泰地区遥感影像特征研究

在综合分析福建永泰地区遥感影像特征的基础上,根据遥感图像反映出的地质信息特征,有效地解译火山—侵入杂岩区火山地层、侵入岩体、火山构造及线性、环形构造等地质内容。对提高整个地质工作的研究程度具有实际意义。     

三维卫星遥感图像生成技术及其在第四纪构造地貌研究中的应用

近年来一系列中高分辨率立体成像卫星传感器相继发射成功,如法国的SPOT卫星、日本的ASTER和ALOS卫星,它们除了具有获取多光谱遥感数据的能力外,还具有立体成像的功能。随着计算机图像处理技术和卫星遥感立体成像技术的不断发展,地质体及其地形地貌的三维图像生成及其可视化技术得到了迅速发展。本研究介绍了利用ER-M apper图像处理软件提供的三维图像生成及可视化技术,将ASTER卫星遥感数据生成的数字高程模型与多光谱图像信息有机融合,生成地质体三维可视化图像,再现地质体的三维空间特征,从而从整体上直观、综合地对活动地质构造及其构造地貌特征进行可视化分析研究。本研究重点介绍了ASTER三维可视化立体遥感图像在晚第四纪活动构造和第四纪火山地貌研究中的应用,并展示了在阿尔泰山富蕴断裂带、北天山独山子背斜带、东昆仑断裂带以及长白山天池火山的研究实例。     

遥感技术在区域地质调查中的应用研究进展

论述了１∶５万区域地质调查中的图像信息理论及其应用意义；讨论了遥感岩石学、影像地层学、遥感构造分析、环境地质与生态地质遥感地质解译填图的基础理论和方法；论述了影像地质界线的基本信息类型及其信息理解过程；提出了影像地质信息的多级识别方法和空间模糊叠加分析方法；最后探讨了区域地质调查中遥感技术的发展趋势。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861