共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
已知电离射线如X射线等对生物有强烈的诱变作用[4]。X射线和Y射线对海带雌配子体的效应已有初步观察[1-3]。过去用于海带实验的是雌雄配子体混合在一起的材料,如果发生突变,不易观察到,这是因为受精后是二倍体。这里我们对能行孤雌生殖的纯系海带的雌配子体进行了实验。 相似文献
4.
X射线分析显微镜是一种快速的非破坏分析方法,可以用来对海藻中特定的元素在组织水平进行定位。本实验采用X射线分析显微镜对1997年2月在日本佐贺县唐津市海岸采集的养殖裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida Suringar)的孢子叶进行了硫、钾、钙、碘的组织定位研究,对孢子叶的整体进行X射线扫描及特征元素次级荧光的图像分析,并选取孢子叶的边缘部、中部及中心各一点进行定点的X射线荧光光谱测定。Ⅹ射线荧光光谱的结果表明,钾是裙带菜孢子叶的最显著元素,具有最大的X射线荧光强度。定位分析表明,钾在孢子叶的中心部位分布较高,钙与碘则在边缘部分布较高,硫多位于孢子叶的中间部分,在中心部位及边缘部的分布均较低。除了钾、钙、硫以外,其他元素如铁、溴、锌也能够在X射线荧光光谱中给出谱峰。作者得到的X射线特征元素荧光图像首次报道了裙带菜孢子叶中钾、钙、硫等元素在组织水平的定位。应用RGB图像彩色合成技术获得的硫、钙、钾三元素的彩色合成图像也与定点分析结果相一致。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
长江口沉积物中常量元素及有关形态物相定量分析研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以熔融制样技术和数学校正分析方法的X射线荧光光谱实验手段,对长江口水域3个站位的10个常量元素进行定量分析.这10个常量元素分别是钠、镁、铝、硅、磷、钾、钙、钛、锰和铁,获得较好结果.分析的检出限达到10-5左右;精密度用变差系数K表示,K<0.03826,因此具有较高精密度.最大分析相对误差是0.27%.此外本文还应用无标分析法的X射线衍射实验手段对同样3个站位样品进行形态物相定量分析.分析结果表明,长江口3个站位中沉积物主要成分是α-石英,其次是钠长石、高岭土、绿泥石、伊利石、方解石和蒙脱石等.分析结果与X射线荧光光谱元素定量分析结果基本一致,绝大部分物相定量分析误差小于15%.本文对于了解长江口存在的离子交换、吸附、解吸和絮凝等化学作用过程,均具有重要参考价值. 相似文献
9.
为了解决防腐涂层中石墨烯分布不均匀及与金属表面黏结性差的问题,提高涂层防腐蚀性能,本文采用静电纺丝技术在Q235碳钢电极表面成功制备了石墨烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(GR/PMMA)微米纤维。采用红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱及扫描电镜对静电纺GR/PMMA微米纤维的结构及形貌进行表征;并通过Tafel极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)研究了不同石墨烯含量的静电纺GR/PMMA微米纤维膜在0.1mol/L H2_SO_4溶液中对碳钢电极的防护作用,探讨了石墨烯含量对GR/PMMA复合物防腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,GR/PMMA复合物的防腐蚀性能先增加后降低,当石墨烯含量为1%时所制备的静电纺GR/PMMA微米纤维涂层表现出优异的防腐蚀性能(η=99.999%),即使在浸泡15天之后,其防腐蚀效率仍然高达99.971%。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
基于PXRF的西南印度洋脊硫化物表层沉积物地球化学找矿研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海底热液喷发形成的热液羽状流中富含成矿物质,并沉淀在距离热液喷口不等的范围内。对西南印度洋中脊热液喷口附近、距离喷口中等距离、远离喷口的六个表层沉积物样品开展了不同粒度沉积物的便携式XRF(PXRF)分析。结果表明,PXRF可以有效获得的洋中脊钙质沉积物中成矿元素的富集特征。>40目的沉积物样品具有较高的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等元素含量,40目以下沉积物中则相对稳定,可能与粗粒沉积物中玄武岩碎屑/玻璃含量较高有关,与镜下鉴定结果一致。以热液喷口为中心,表层沉积物中表现出Cu、Zn、As、Fe、Mn的元素分带,靠近喷口的沉积物中具有较高的成矿元素的含量,并具有较高的Cu/Fe、Zn/Fe比值或者Cu/Mn与Zn/Mn比值。上述结论表明,洋中脊沉积物中成矿元素的含量主要受与喷口的距离的影响,而与粒度的关系不大,洋中脊沉积物地球化学找矿应采用40目以下粒径沉积物作为分析样品。通过PXRF获得的Cu、Zn、As、Fe、Mn等元素含量及其比值特征可以作为海底多金属硫化物沉积物地球化学找矿的指标,该方法满足快速有效识别洋中脊沉积物中地球化学异常的要求。 相似文献
14.
Sediment processes in estuaries are controlled by the interaction of factors that include tides, fresh water inputs, bed morphology, sediment supply, and hydrodynamics. The interaction of these factors strongly influences the pattern of sediment deposition. The ability to quantify sediment deposition on a regional scale will improve the understanding of the underlying processes, and provide valuable information for managing estuarine systems. This paper describes our approach for obtaining the deposition pattern and quantifying the amount of 20th century impacted sediments in the Haverstraw Bay section of the Hudson River Estuary. Through the combination of high-resolution seismic data and rapidly acquired geochemical information from numerous sediment cores, we estimate that our study site experiences an average sediment accumulation rate of ∼3 mm/y and that ∼75,000 t/y or ∼10% of the annual total sediment input measured at the Poughkeepsie, NY gauging station (USGS) is stored in this reach of the Hudson River on ∼100 y timescales. A detailed analysis of the depositional pattern indicates that the accumulation rate varies considerably throughout the study area ranging from non-depositional to >8 mm/y. Our data also clearly indicate that the dredged channel in Haverstraw Bay is currently the main focus of deposition in this area. 相似文献
15.
由于珊瑚礁属于生物矿物,其组成成分并不固定,因此珊瑚礁成分变化往往对当地生态和矿产有一定的指示作用,其元素分析对于珊瑚礁生态修复和海底探矿等具有重要作用。文中样品采自中国南海珊瑚岛礁,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析了南海海域的珊瑚礁样品,确定其无机成分除Ca外也包括Al,Fe,Sr等元素,其钙质含量占绝大多数,为97%左右,其次Sr的含量占2.25%~2.75%左右,S占比0.31%~0.40%,Al占比0.04%~0.13%,Fe占比0.08%~0.23%,剩余为其他元素。同时,分析了不同区域所取样品的元素组成,发现其中一处所取样品存在Co元素。本次实验对于全面认识南海地区珊瑚礁的组成与南海海底矿藏指示具有实际意义。 相似文献
16.
苏北辐射沙洲是分布于江苏岸外的典型沉积堆积体,受长江、黄河泥沙供给和近岸潮流动力的共同影响,发育了典型的粉砂淤泥质潮滩,沉积物元素可以记录潮滩环境变化的重要信息。在辐射沙洲岸滩采集了3个短柱沉积物岩芯,建立可靠的年代框架,采用高分辨率XRF元素扫描仪进行地球化学元素测试,选用XRF信号强度高的14种元素进行聚类和相关性方法提取环境信息,研究过去百年尺度人类活动和海岸环境变化下的苏北辐射沙洲岸滩沉积环境变化。结果表明,该区典型潮滩剖面岩芯沉积物中Si、Ca、As和Fe元素相对含量较高,且自北向南其含量不断增加,Mn、Ba、Cu和Zn元素含量较低,在所有剖面含量变化不大。在垂向上,Si、Ca和Fe元素变化趋势一致,而Ni、Zn和S元素在不同柱状岩芯中呈现与Si、Ca和Fe相反的变化趋势。相关关系和聚类分析显示,Si、Ca和Fe元素之间具有较高的相关性,即具有近似的地球化学行为和一致的物质来源;与元素Ni、Cu和Zn呈负相关,暗示了这几种元素与前者具有不同的地球化学行为。苏北辐射沙洲潮滩沉积物沉积环境发生了明显变化且在不同区域呈现不同的变化规律,物质来源、水动力环境、人类活动等因素是导致沉积环境变化的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
质子激发X射线荧光分析是一种多元素微量分析技术,具有高灵敏度、高空间分辨率和非破坏性等特点,近年来在地球科学诸多领域得到大量应用.本文简介了质子激发X荧光分析技术的基本原理、实验装置及特点,与其他地质学方法进行了比较,并着重介绍该技术在海洋科学领域的应用进展. 相似文献
18.
Emily V.L. Rees Jeffery A. Priest Chris R.I. Clayton 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(7):1283-1293
The Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 1, of 2006, cored through several methane gas hydrate deposits on the continental shelf around the coast of India. The pressure coring techniques utilized during the expedition (HYACINTH and PCS) enabled recovery of gas hydrate bearing, fine-grained, sediment cores to the surface. After initial characterization core sections were rapidly depressurized and submerged in liquid nitrogen, preserving the structure and form of the hydrate within the host sediment. Once on shore, high resolution X-ray CT scanning was employed to obtain detailed three-dimensional images of the internal structure of the gas hydrate. Using a resolution of 80 μm the detailed structure of the hydrate veins present in each core could be observed, and allowed for an in depth analysis of orientation, width and persistence of each vein. Hydrate saturation estimates could also be made and saturations of 20-30% were found to be the average across the core section with some portions showing highs of almost 60% saturation. The majority of hydrate veins in each core section were found to be orientated between 50 and 80° to the horizontal. Analysis of the strikes of the veins suggested a slight preferential orientation in individual sample sections, although correlation between individual sections was not possible due to the initial orientation of the sections being lost during the sampling stage. The preferred vein orientation within sample sections coupled with several geometric features identified in individual veins, suggest that hydraulic fracturing by upward advecting pore fluids is the main formation mechanism for the veined hydrate deposits in the K-G Basin. 相似文献
19.
Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the marine green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell led to the isolation of a new sterol stigmast-4,28-dien-3α,6β-diol 1 in addition to the five known sterols of β-lawsaritol 2, saringosterol 3, 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl - cholesterol 4, β-stigmasterol 5, 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 (28) -dien-3β-ol 6. Compounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 gel colum chromatography, reverse phase HPLC and recrystalization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS, IR 1D/2D NMR and X-ray analysis. Cytotoxicity of compounds was screened by using the standard MTF method. All these compounds were isolated from the green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell for the first time and they were inactive (50% inhibitory concentration was greater than 10 μg/cm^3) against KB, Bel -7402, PC - 3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines. 相似文献