云南腾冲地块北部空树河组一个菱铁矿结核中的C、O同位素变化特征

空树河组是滇西腾冲地块北部的石碳－二叠纪冈瓦纳相沉积。菱铁矿结核见于该组顶部的黑色泥岩中。将一个结核通过中心切开，在切面上由中心向边缘用牙钻等间隔提取10个样品。同位素测试结果显示，δ^13C自中心向边缘逐渐由－8．09％减为－16．12％，最外一个样例外（－15．39‰），而δ^18O自中心向边缘逐渐由－10．64‰增加为0‰左右。δ^13C的变化情况表明，菱铁矿结核可能形成于硫酸盐还原带。在解释δ^18o的变化情况时，推测在结核开始生长时可能有δ^18O亏损的大气降水掺入，随着埋藏深度的逐渐加大，孔隙水的O同位素逐渐趋近正常海水的值（0‰）。     

中国东北地区中新生代岩浆岩中氮及其同位素组成

通过真空热解法分析中国东北地区中新生代以来形成的碱性玄武岩和基性侵入岩中氮含量及其同位素组成的差异，结果表明喷出岩和侵入岩中流体组分在岩浆的上升侵入过程中有不同的表现形式，喷出岩与围岩有较少的混染作用发生。碱性玄武岩包裹体中氮含量较低，为1．91－14．01μL/ g，δ^15N为－22．6‰～-1.8‰。侵入岩包裹体中氮含量为25．39－731.30μL/g,δ^15N为＋0．7‰～ 20.9‰。碱性玄武岩中N2含量和氮同位素组成可能部分代表了上地幔流体的特征，脱气作用造成同位素值有较大变化；而侵入岩中的N2含量和氮同位素组成更多地反映了地壳中含氮物质浓度及同位素组成特征。     

扬子地台灯影组碳酸盐岩中的硫和碳同位素记录

扬子地区灯影组的海相碳酸盐岩地层不仅记录了当时海水的碳同位素变化，也保存了海水的硫同位素记录，能够通过测定所提取的微量硫酸盐的硫同位素组成来获得。灯影组碳酸盐岩中微量硫酸盐的δ^34S值大部分在 20.0‰～ 38．7‰之间变化，碳酸盐岩的δ^13C值变化在 0．5‰～ 5．0‰之间。除灯影组顶、底界线处外，δ^34S和δ^13C值总体上变化幅度较小，大体上呈逐渐降低的变化趋势。灯影组碳酸盐岩中连续的硫、碳同位素记录分别反映了同期海水中溶解硫酸盐和碳酸盐的硫、碳同位素的变化特征。灯影组微量硫酸盐和碳酸盐岩的同位素特征，意味着灯影期海洋中具有高的生物产率和有机碳埋藏速率；除了顶底界线处，具有相对稳定的古气候条件和古海洋环境。灯影期海水的δ^34S值和δ^13C值同时呈逐渐降低的变化趋势，可能是由海洋深部水体逐渐氧化所致。     

从中沟与王圪垱遗址看公元前三千纪前后洛阳盆地的生业经济

作为早期王权国家诞生的核心区域,洛阳盆地新石器时代晚期至青铜时代早期发生了剧烈的社会变革,对这一过程中该地区生业经济状况的研究主要集中于动植物考古方面,尚需其他证据予以全面评估。为此,本文对仰韶晚期的中沟遗址和龙山晚期至二里头早期的王圪垱遗址出土人骨开展了碳氮稳定同位素分析。研究发现,中沟(δ^13C=-7.5±1.4 ‰,δ^15N=8.5±0.8 ‰,n=28)与王圪垱遗址人群(δ^13C=-9.9±1.9 ‰,δ^15N=8.8±1.1 ‰,n=14)的δ^13C值略有差异,而δ^15N却比较接近。结合植物考古等相关研究结果,我们认为两遗址先民虽然均主要以粟、黍等C4类食物为食,但王圪垱先民食物中水稻的比例有所增加。这种状况可能与龙山晚期之后本地与南方稻作农业人群文化交流更加密切有关。本研究的另一发现是,中沟与王圪垱遗址中墓葬人群(δ^15N=8.9±0.6 ‰,n=17;δ^15N=9.2±1.0 ‰,n=9)的δ^15N值明显高于灰坑人群(δ^15N=7.8±0.7 ‰,n=11;δ^15N=7.9±0.7 ‰,n=5),即前者饮食中肉类比例高于后者。考虑到仰韶中期以来中原地区社会分层越演愈烈,肉食消费的多少一定程度上是人群分化的体现。     

济阳拗陷第三纪玄武岩的氧同位素

研究了山东刘阳拗陷29个第三纪玄武岩样品的氧同位素组成。结果表明，这些玄武岩的全岩氧同位素组成变化明显，δ^18○值为6．3‰－12．2‰。其中，蚀变轻微的晚第三纪玄武岩的δ^18○值为6．3‰－7．9‰，与正常大陆玄武岩的值（5．0‰－7．4‰）相似；而蚀变明显的早第三纪玄武岩的δ^18○值为6．3‰－12．2‰，并且90％以上样品的δ^18○值都大于7．5‰。结合岩石学与岩石化学研究，是第三纪玄武岩δ^18○值不同程度升高是由低温雨水热液蚀变（碳酸盐化）作用造成的。     

川西坳陷南段天然气来源与碳同位素地球化学研究

川西坳陷南段是四川盆地主要的天然气产区之一。前人对该区天然气的来源有多种见解。为了更清楚地认识此地区天然气的来源与运移，本文分析了平落坝、大兴西和白马庙气田16件天然气样品的C1-C4烃及CO2组份的碳同位素组成。所获得的同位素数据结合化学成份和地质资料表明，3个气田的烃类完全是热解成因的，都来源于气田下面的上三叠统烃源岩。这些气田的甲、乙烷碳同位素组成随深度呈不同规律的变化，这些变化归因于烃源岩生烃的热解过程和烃类运移的动力学过程。平落坝气田中侏罗统气藏的烃类大部份形成于烃源岩低成熟和成熟的早期阶段并受到晚期成熟气体的不断补给。平落坝和大兴西气田多数气藏的烃类被认为是从源区垂直向上运移通过上伏地层而进入气藏的，白马庙气田的烃类被认为是沿断裂通道向上侏罗统气藏聚集的。平落坝和大兴西气田的δ^13Cco2值有很宽的分布范围(-10.7‰～-0.7‰)，这表明气田的CO2由来自基底的海洋碳酸盐岩无机碳成份和沉积地层的有机碳成份混合而成。这些气田的[He／CH4]-[N2／CH4]值之间和δ^13Cco2-δ^13Cc1值之间的相关性表明，非烃气体在进入气藏前已同烃类很好地混合，并被CH4为主流相的气流携带着向气藏运移。     

塔里木盆地轮南地区油气运移的路径、期次及方向研究

本文通过对塔里木盆地轮南地区及附近的钻井（出油井和未出油井）中揭示的裂缝，裂缝与成岩序列的穿插关系，连通砂体及断层和不整合面附近的矿物及矿物中流体包裹体研究，对塔里木盆地轮南地区油气运移路径和期次进行了探讨。通过研究指出了塔里木盆地轮南地区主要经历了3期大规模的油气运聚，地层之间的不整合面为油气横向运移的主要通道。高角度的裂隙及微裂缝为纵向运移主要通道。第一期油气运聚主要发生于海西期，第二期油气运聚主要发生在14－17Ma；第3期油气运聚主要发生在最近的5Ma以来。第一期油气运聚主要为自塔北隆起的西南，南向北，以横向运移为主；第二，第三期运聚主要自西南，南向北，自东向西运移，但主要以垂向运移为主。     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床地幔流体成矿的碳、氢、氧、硫同位素证据

选取2种主要矿石类型——碳酸岩伟晶岩型矿石和重晶石伟晶岩型矿石进行了成矿流体的C、H、O、S同位素测试，获得δ^13CV-PDB值为-3．0‰～-5．6‰，δDV-SMOW值为-57‰～-88‰，δ^18OH2O-VSMOW值为8．0‰～13．3‰，δ^34SV-CDT值为3．3‰～5．9‰，以及方解石的δ^13CV-PDB值为-6．9‰和δ^18OV-SMOW值为7．3‰～7．4‰。所有这些数据表明，四川牦牛坪稀土矿床在成矿过程中有大量地幔物质参与。     

贵州水稻田甲烷释放通量及碳同位素组成研究

贵阳近郊水稻田释放甲烷显示出一个三阶段的日变化过程：早晨至正午前后，稻田甲烷的释放处于一个相对低落阶段：下午至晚上，释放过程逐渐加强，并可能出现一至两个释放高峰；此后甲烷的释放又进入逐渐减弱阶段。贵州水稻日甲烷的δ^13C值在-64．5‰--54．1‰范围内变动，平均占δ^13C值为-60．7‰，与美国和肯尼亚所报道的稻田甲烷的碳同位素组成相近似。     

四川冕宁木落寨稀土矿床稳定同位素研究及其意义

木落寨稀土矿床在构造上位于西南新生代陆内造山带的锦屏山北缘。文章通过对木落寨2个坑道的矿石样品的C、H、O、S同位素组成的系统研究,探讨了木落寨稀土矿床成矿流体的来源及其与深部过程的关系。研究表明,石英和萤石的δ^13Cv-PDP值为-2．5‰～-9．0‰,方解石、石英、萤石和氟碳铈矿的δDv-SMOW值为-63‰～-87‰,萤石和石英的δ^18O水V-SMOW,为10．0‰～15．5‰,重晶石和方铅矿的δ^34Sv-CDT值分别为0．1‰～2．2‰和-8．6‰～-9．3‰,方解石的δ^13Cv-PDB和δ^18OV-SMOW分别为-6．6‰～-6．8‰和8．4‰～9．1‰。所有这些数据均显示木落寨稀土矿床在成矿过程中有大量地幔流体的参与,表明其成矿作用与深部过程有关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861