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1.
Environmental geochemistry and quality assessment of mine water of Jharia coalfield,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abhay Kumar Singh M. K. Mahato B. Neogi B. K. Tewary A. Sinha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(1):49-65
A long mining history and unscientific exploitation of Jharia coalfield caused many environmental problems including water
resource depletion and contamination. A geochemical study of mine water in the Jharia coalfield has been undertaken to assess
its quality and suitability for domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. For this purpose, 92 mine water samples collected
from different mining areas of Jharia coalfield were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), anions (F−, Cl−, HCO3
−, SO4
2−, NO3
−), dissolved silica (H4SiO4) and trace metals. The pH of the analysed mine water samples varied from 6.2 to 8.6, indicating mildly acidic to alkaline
nature. Concentration of TDS varied from 437 to 1,593 mg L−1 and spatial differences in TDS values reflect the variation in lithology, surface activities and hydrological regime prevailing
in the region. SO4
2− and HCO3
− are dominant in the anion and Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the cation chemistry of mine water. High concentrations of SO4
2− in the mine water of the area are attributed to the oxidative weathering of pyrites. Ca–Mg–SO4 and Ca–Mg–HCO3 are the dominant hydrochemical facies. The drinking water quality assessment indicates that number of mine water samples
have high TDS, total hardness and SO4
2− concentrations and needs treatment before its utilization. Concentrations of some trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb) were also
found to be above the desirable levels recommended for drinking water. The mine water is good to permissible quality and suitable
for irrigation in most cases. However, higher salinity, residual sodium carbonate and Mg-ratio restrict its suitability for
irrigation at some sites. 相似文献
2.
Chemical and Strontium Isotopic Compositions of the Hanjiang Basin Rivers in China: Anthropogenic Impacts and Chemical Weathering 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Hanjiang River, the largest tributaries of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, is the water source area of the Middle Route
of China’s South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The chemical and strontium isotopic compositions of the river waters are
determined with the main purpose of understanding the contribution of chemical weathering processes and anthropogenic inputs
on river solutes, as well as the associated CO2 consumption in the carbonate-dominated basin. The major ion compositions of the Hanjiang River waters are characterized by
the dominance of Ca2+ and HCO3
−, followed by Mg2+ and SO4
2−. The increase in TDS and major anions (Cl−, NO3
−, and SO4
2−) concentrations from upstream to downstream is ascribed to both extensive influences from agriculture and domestic activities
over the Hanjiang basin. The chemical and Sr isotopic analyses indicate that three major weathering sources (dolomite, limestone,
and silicates) contribute to the total dissolved loads. The contributions of the different end-members to the dissolved load
are calculated with the mass balance approach. The calculated results show that the dissolved load is dominated by carbonates
weathering, the contribution of which accounts for about 79.4% for the Hanjiang River. The silicate weathering and anthropogenic
contributions are approximately 12.3 and 6.87%, respectively. The total TDS fluxes from chemical weathering calculated for
the water source area (the upper Hanjiang basin) and the whole Hanjiang basin are approximately 3.8 × 106 and 6.1 × 106 ton/year, respectively. The total chemical weathering (carbonate and silicate) rate for the Hanjiang basin is approximately
38.5 ton/km2/year or 18.6 mm/k year, which is higher than global mean values. The fluxes of CO2 consumption by carbonate and silicate weathering are estimated to be 56.4 × 109 and 12.9 × 109 mol/year, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Surface and groundwater quality characterization of Deoria District,Ganga Plain,India 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
A water quality investigation was carried out in the Deoria district, Ganga plain, to assess the suitability of surface and
groundwaters for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. As much as 50 representative samples from river and groundwater
were collected from various stations to monitor the water chemistry of various ions, comprising Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3
−, SO4
2−, NO3
−, Cl−, F−, and trace metals, such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The results showed that electrical conductance (EC), total dissolved
solids (TDS), HCO3
−, Mg2+, Na+, and total hardness (TH) are above the maximum desirable limit, and apart from Fe and Mn all other trace metals are within
the maximum permissible limit for drinking water. The calculated values for sodium absorption ratio (SAR), salinity, residual
sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) indicate well to permissible use of water for irrigation. High values
of Na%, RSC, and Mg-hazard (MH) at some stations restrict its use for agricultural purpose. Anthropogenic activities affect
the spatial variation of water quality. Economic and social developments of the study area is closely associated with the
characteristics of the hydrological network. 相似文献
4.
Environmental geochemistry and quality assessment of surface and subsurface water of Mahi River basin, western India 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
The hydrogeochemical study of surface and subsurface water of Mahi River basin was undertaken to assess the major ion chemistry,
solute acquisition processes and water quality in relation to domestic and irrigation uses. The analytical results show the
mildly acidic to alkaline nature of water and dominance of Na+ and Ca2+ in cationic and HCO3
− and Cl− in anionic composition. In general, alkaline-earth elements (Ca2+ + Mg2+) exceed alkalis (Na+ + K+) and weak acids (HCO3
−) dominate over strong acids (SO4
2+ + Cl−) in majority of the surface and groundwater samples. Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3
− is the dominant hydrochemical facies both in surface and groundwater of the area. The weathering of rock-forming minerals
mainly controlled the solute acquisition process with secondary contribution from marine and anthropogenic sources. The higher
concentration of sodium and dissolved silica, high equivalent ratios of (Na+ + K+/TZ+), (Na+ + K+/Cl−) and low ratio of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/(Na+ + K+) suggest that the chemical composition of the water is largely controlled by silicate weathering with limited contribution
from carbonate weathering and marine and anthropogenic sources. Kaolinite is the possible mineral that is in equilibrium with
the water, implying that the chemistry of river water favors kaolinite formation. Assessment of water samples for drinking
purposes suggests that the majority of the water samples are suitable for drinking. At some sites concentrations of TDS, TH,
F−, NO3
− and Fe are exceeding the desirable limit of drinking. However, these parameters are well within the maximum permissible limit
except for some cases. To assess the suitability for irrigation, parameters like SAR, RSC and %Na were calculated. In general,
both surface and groundwater is of good to suitable category for irrigation uses except at some sites where high values of
salinity, %Na and RSC restrict its uses. 相似文献
5.
Mingming Jing Wei Chen Tingting Zheng Yuan Liao Julia Ellis Burnet Min Xu Chen Yang Lina Shen Mingzhong Liang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(4):1051-1058
This paper reports original data on the physical and chemical parameters of precipitation, river water and groundwater in
and around the Longhushan Nature Reserve Area, located in southwestern China karst region, and provides a preliminary characterization
of the hydrogeochemical process governing the natural water evolution in this area. The rainfall and river water mainly pertain
to the HCO3
−–Ca2+ type and groundwater mainly pertain to the HCO3
−–Ca2+ + Mg2+ type. The HCO3
− was the predominant anion and Ca2+ was the predominant cation in all waters, respectively. The Gibbs Boomerang Envelop model, the 1:1 relationship of Na+ plus K+ versus Cl− as well as the 1:1 relationship of Ca2+ plus Mg2+ versus HCO3
− all suggested geochemical weathering is the main controlling factor for the geochemical compositions of this natural water.
In surface water, the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios ranged from 0.32 to 0.42 and the Na+/Ca2+ varied between 0.04 and 0.05. In the groundwater, the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios varied from 0.37 to 0.62 and were below the ideal ratio of 0.8. These ratios showed the presence of a dolomite source.
Analysis of trace elements showed that As, B, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn elements were abundant in the natural water during summer
in this region. 相似文献
6.
Hydrochemical investigations were carried out in Damagh area, Hamadan, western Iran, to assess chemical composition of groundwater.
Forty representative groundwater samples were collected from different wells to monitor the water chemistry of various ions.
Chemical analysis of the groundwater showed that the mean concentration of the cations is in the order Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while that for anions was HCO3− > Cl− > SO42 − > NO3−. All of the investigated groundwaters present two different chemical facies (Ca–HCO3 and Na–HCO3) which is in relation with their interaction with the geological formations of the basin, cation exchange between groundwater
and clay minerals and anthropogenic activities. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed on groundwater identified
three principal components controlling their variability in groundwater. Electrical conductivity, Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, and Cl− content were associated in the same component (PC1) (salinity), determined principally by anthropogenic activities. The pH,
CO32 −, HCO3−, and Ca2+ (PC2) content were related to the geogenic factor. Finally, the NO3−, Cl− and K+ (PC3) were controlled by anthropogenic activity as a consequence of inorganic fertilizers. 相似文献
7.
Néstor A. Gabellone Lía Solari María Claps Nancy Neschuk 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1353-1363
The main ions were measured seasonally during two years at 13 sampling stations in the Salado River and its main tributaries.
The importance of each ion was assessed by standard methods used to examine ionic composition and by multivariate methods.
The K-means clustering and Principal Component Analysis were applied to the percentages of the major ions. The concentration of
the major cations are in the order Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and the major anions, Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > CO32−, and the salinity was high (mean TDS 2,691 mg l−1) due to sodium chloride. Using the proportions of the ions was possible to identify seven types of water within the basin
related to discharges of different river sub-catchments and from endorheic catchments (in a sand dune region) actually connected
with the basin by canals. The chemical composition of the basin is consequence of surface waters receiving salts from groundwater,
evaporation and weathering of Post-Pampeano materials, and of anthropogenic impact by diversion between subcatchments for
flood control. These results allowed us to test the marked effects on the ionic balance of basin at the base of a diversion
management from endorheic catchments characterized by high salinity waters. 相似文献
8.
S. Srinivasa Gowd 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):702-712
In India, the quantity and quality of water available for irrigation is variable from place to place. Assessment of water
quality has been carried out to determine the sources of dissolved ions in groundwater. Quality of groundwater in a 398 km2 Peddavanka watershed of a semi-arid region of south India is evaluated for its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes.
The middle Proterozoic Cuddapah Supergroup and Kurnool Group of rocks underlie most of the watershed. The main lithologic
units consist chiefly of quartzite, limestone, and shale. Seventy-six water samples were collected from open-wells and bore-holes.
Water samples were collected representative of the post-monsoon (winter) and pre-monsoon (summer). The quality assessment
is made through the estimation of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, HCO3−, total hardness as CaCO3, TDS, EC, and pH. Based on these analyses, parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, % sodium, residual sodium carbonate,
non-carbonate hardness, potential salinity, Kelley’s ratio, magnesium ratio, index of base exchange and permeability index
were calculated. According to Gibbs‘ ratio samples in both seasons fall in the rock dominance field. The overall quality of
waters in the study area in post-monsoon season is high for all constituents ruling out pollution from extraneous sources. 相似文献
9.
D. John Devadas N. Subba Rao B. Thirupathi Rao K. V. Srinivasa Rao A. Subrahmanyam 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(7):1331-1342
Systematic hydrogeochemical survey has been carried out for understanding the sources of dissolved ions in the groundwaters
of the area occupied by Sarada river basin, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Khondalites, charnockites and granite
gneisses and calc-granulites of Precambrians and alluvial deposits of Quaternaries underlie the study area. Groundwaters are
both fresh and brackish; the latter waters being a dominant. Most groundwaters are characterized by Na+:HCO3− facies due to chemical weathering of the rocks. Enrichment of Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3− and F− in some groundwater samples is caused by seawater intrusion, locally accompanied by ion-exchange, and anthropogenic activities,
resulting in an increase of brackish in the groundwaters. Based on the results of this hydrogeochemical study, suitable management
measures are recommended to solve the water quality problems. 相似文献
10.
G. J. Chakrapani 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(2):189-201
Chemical weathering and resulting water compositions in the upper Ganga river in the Himalayas were studied. For the first time, temporal and spatial sampling for a 1 year period (monthly intervals) was carried out and analyzed for dissolved major elements, trace elements, Rare Earth Elements (REE), and strontium isotopic compositions. Amounts of physical and chemical loads show large seasonal variations and the overall physical load dominates over chemical load by a factor of more than three. The dominant physical weathering is also reflected in high quartz and illite/mica contents in suspended sediments. Large seasonal variations also occur in major elemental concentrations. The water type is categorized as HCO3––SO42––Ca2+ dominant, which constitute >60% of the total water composition. On an average, only about 5–12% of HCO3– is derived from silicate lithology, indicating the predominance of carbonate lithology in water chemistry in the head waters of the Ganga river. More than 80% Na+ and K+ are derived from silicate lithology. The silicate lithology is responsible for the release of low Sr with extremely radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86 Sr>0.75) in Bhagirathi at Devprayag. However, there is evidence for other end-member lithologies for Sr other than carbonate and silicate lithology. Trace elements concentrations do not indicate any pollution, although presence of arsenic could be a cause for concern. High uranium mobilization from silicate rocks is also observed. The REE is much less compared to other major world rivers such as the Amazon, perhaps because in the present study, only samples filtered through <0.2 m were analysed. Negative Eu anomalies in suspended sediments is due to the excess carbonate rock weathering in the source area. 相似文献
11.
Hydrogeochemistry data were utilized to understand origin, distribution, and geochemical evolution of the high-fluoride groundwater
in Taiyuan basin, China. In the study area, the spatial distribution of the high-fluoride groundwater are strictly controlled
by the host rock and geomorphic conditions. Three types of groundwater with the F− concentration of <1.5 mg/L, 1.5–2 mg/L and >2 mg/L are located in the areas bordering the limestone zones, in the areas bordering
the sandstone of Permian and Carboniferous, and in the depressions of the central parts of the basin, respectively. The high-fluoride
groundwater mostly have the high values of TDS, and its values of pH range from 7.2 to 8.8. The most common water types of
the high-fluoride groundwater are Na·Ca–HCO3 and Na·Mg–HCO3. The geochemical mode reveals that the dissolution of the fluorine-containing minerals and the evaporation effect of the
shallow groundwater control the evolution of high F− concentration in Taiyuan basin. 相似文献
12.
Geochemistry of groundwater,Markandeya River Basin,Belgaum district,Karnataka State,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Markandeya River Basin stretches geographically from 15o56′ to 16o08′ N latitude and 74o37′ to 74o58′ E longitude, positioned in the midst of Belgaum district, in the northern part of Karnataka. The groundwater quality of 54 pre-monsoon samples in the Markandeya River Basin was evaluated for its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes by estimating pH, EC, TDS, hardness and alkalinity besides major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (HCO3–, Cl–, SO42–, PO43-, F-, NO3–), boron, SAR, % Na, RSC, RSBC, chlorinity index, SSP, non-carbonate hardness, Potential Salinity, Permeability Index, Kelley’s ratio, Magnesium hazard and Index of Base Exchange. Negative Index of Base Exchange indicates the chloro-alkaline disequilibrium in the study area and the majority of water samples fall in the rock dominance field based on Gibbs’ ratio. Permeability indices of classes I and II suggest suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Based on Cl, SO4, HCO3 concentrations, water samples can be classified as normal chloride (96.3%) and normal sulfate (94.4%) and normal bicarbonate (44.4%) water types. 相似文献
13.
Tahir Rafique Shahid Naseem Muhammad I. Bhanger Tanzil H. Usmani 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):317-326
Groundwater samples were collected from various localities of Mithi sub-district of the Thar Desert of Pakistan and analysed
for fluoride ion along with other chemical parameters. The area is mainly covered by sand dunes and kaolin/granite at variable
depths. Results showed that collected water samples were severely contaminated by the presence of fluoride ion and most of
the samples have higher concentration than prescribed WHO standards (1.5 mg/l) for drinking water. Fluoride ion concentrations
ranged between 0.09 and 11.63 mg/l with mean and median values of 3.64 and 3.44 mg/l, respectively, in this area whereas,
distribution pattern showed high concentrations in the vicinity of Islamkot and Mithi towns. The content of F− has also been correlated with other major ions found in the groundwater of the study area. The positive correlation of F− with Na+ and HCO3
− showed that the water with high Na+ and HCO3
− stabilizes F− ions in the groundwater of the Thar Desert. The pH versus F− plots signifies high fluoride concentration at higher pH values, implying that alkaline environment favours the replacement
of exchangeable OH− with F− in the groundwater of Mithi area. The saturation indices (SI) of fluorite (CaF2) and calcite (CaCO3) in the groundwater samples showed that most of the samples are oversaturated with respect to calcite whereas majority of
samples have been found under saturated with respect to fluorite. The log TDS and Na/Na+Ca ratio reflected supremacy of weathering
of rocks, which promotes the availability of fluoride ions in the groundwater. Piper diagram has been used to classify the
hydrofacies. In the cation triangle, all samples are Na-type, while the anion triangle reflects major dominance of Cl-type
with a minor influence of HCO3
− and SO4
−. 相似文献
14.
Hydrochemistry of urban groundwater in Seoul, South Korea: effects of land-use and pollutant recharge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Byoung-Young Choi Seong-Taek Yun Soon-Young Yu Pyeong-Koo Lee Seong-Sook Park Gi-Tak Chae Bernhard Mayer 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(8):979-990
The ionic and isotopic compositions (δD, δ18O, and 3H) of urban groundwaters have been monitored in Seoul to examine the water quality in relation to land-use. High tritium contents
(6.1–12.0 TU) and the absence of spatial/seasonal change of O–H isotope data indicate that groundwaters are well mixed within
aquifers with recently recharged waters of high contamination susceptibility. Statistical analyses show a spatial variation
of major ions in relation to land-use type. The major ion concentrations tend to increase with anthropogenic contamination,
due to the local pollutants recharge. The TDS concentration appears to be a useful contamination indicator, as it generally
increases by the order of forested green zone (average 151 mg/l), agricultural area, residential area, traffic area, and industrialized
area (average 585 mg/l). With the increased anthropogenic contamination, the groundwater chemistry changes from a Ca–HCO3 type toward a Ca–Cl(+NO3) type. The source and behavior of major ions are discussed and the hydrochemical backgrounds are proposed as the basis of
a groundwater management plan. 相似文献
15.
Julien Nikiema Mario Schirmer Walter Gläßer Ronald Krieg 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(1):11-26
About 24 samples from hand-dug wells and boreholes were used to characterize concentrations of the main inorganic ions in
a laterite environment under semi-arid climatic conditions in Tikaré, northern Burkina Faso. It was found that the most represented
groundwater anion in groundwater was HCO3
− with average levels of 49.1 mg/L in the dry season and 33.5 mg/L in the rainy season. The most represented cation was Ca2+ with mean concentrations of 13.7 and 9.5 mg/L, respectively. The main processes, which influence the concentrations of these
ions, are evaporation (dry season), local enrichment of recharge water in some elements, ion exchange and fixation by clay
minerals (in case of K+). The best correlations were found between Ca2+ and Mg2+ (r = 0.95), Cl− and Na+ (r = 0.95), HCO3
− and Mg2+ (r = 0.89), HCO3
− and Ca2+ (r = 0.89), and between HCO3
− and Na+ (r = 0.80). In general, the quality of the groundwater from the different wells sampled for this study was good enough to serve
as drinking water. However, there were situations where the quality of water was polluted because of anthropogenic contaminants
(mainly NO3
−, K+, Cl−) from septic tanks and manure pits located in the vicinity of some sampled wells. In addition, application of fertilizers
also represents a potential anthropogenic contamination source with regard to SO4
2−, Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Mg2+. Considering the high concentrations of SO4
2−, Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+ found in one borehole, the deeper, fractured aquifers were also likely to be enriched in these elements. In contrast, the
shallow aquifers are likely to be contaminated with Cl−, NO3
− and K+. Cl− and K+ seem to be locally present in recharge water as shown by their relative higher mean concentrations in the rainy season samples. 相似文献
16.
Hydrogeochemical and Stable Isotope Characteristics of the River Idrijca (Slovenia), the Boundary Watershed Between the Adriatic and Black Seas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The hydrogeochemical and isotope characteristics of the River Idrijca, Slovenia, where the world’s second largest mercury
(Hg) mine is located, were investigated. The River Idrijca, a typical steep mountain river, has an HCO3
−–Ca2+–Mg2+ chemical composition. Its Ca2+/Mg2+ molar ratio indicates that dolomite weathering prevails in the watershed. The River Idrijca and its tributaries are oversaturated
with respect to calcite and dolomite. The pCO2 pressure is up to 13 times over atmospheric pressure and represents a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. δ18O values in river water indicate primary control from precipitation and enrichment of the heavy oxygen isotope of infiltrating
water recharging the River Idrijca from its slopes. The δ13CDIC values range from −10.8 to −6.6‰ and are controlled by biogeochemical processes in terrestrial environments and in the stream:
(1) exchange with atmospheric CO2, (2) degradation of organic matter, (3) dissolution of carbonates, and (4) tributaries. The contributions of these inputs
were calculated according to steady state equations and are estimated to be—11%:19%:30%:61% in the autumn and 0%:26%:39%:35%
in the spring sampling seasons. 相似文献
17.
Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N. Subba Rao 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(3):413-429
The area in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India, is selected to discuss the impact of seasonal variation of groundwater
quality on irrigation and human health, where the agriculture is the main livelihood of rural people and the groundwater is
the main source for irrigation and drinking. Granite gneisses associated with schists and charnockites of the Precambrian
Eastern Ghats underlie the area. Groundwater samples collected seasonally, pre- and post-monsoons, during three years from
forty wells in the area were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−and F−. The chemical relationships in Piper’s diagram, Chebotarev’s genetic classification and Gibbs’s diagram suggest that the
groundwaters mainly belong to non-carbonate alkali type and Cl− group, and are controlled by evaporation-dominance, respectively, due to the influence of semi-arid climate, gentle slope,
sluggish drainage conditions, greater water–rock interaction, and anthropogenic activities. A comparison of the groundwater
quality in relation to drinking water quality standards proves that most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking,
especially in post-monsoon period. US Salinity Laboratory’s and Wilcox’s diagrams, and %Na+ used for evaluating the water quality for irrigation suggest that the majority of the groundwater samples are not good for
irrigation in post-monsoon compared to that in pre-monsoon. These conditions are caused due to leaching of salts from the
overlying materials by infiltrating recharge waters. A management plan is suggested for sustainable development of the area. 相似文献
18.
Hydrogeochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality in the Gadilam river basin,Tamil Nadu,India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M V PRASANNA S CHIDAMBARAM A SHAHUL HAMEED K SRINIVASAMOORTHY 《Journal of Earth System Science》2011,120(1):85-98
Water samples were collected from different formations of Gadilam river basin and analyzed to assess the major ion chemistry
and suitability of water for domestic and drinking purposes. Chemical parameters of groundwater such as pH, electrical conductivity
(EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Sodium (Na + ), Potassium (K + ), Calcium (Ca + ), Magnesium (Mg + ), Bicarbonate (HCO3 -_{3}^{\ \,-}), Sulphate (SO4 -_{4}^{\ \,-}), Phosphate (PO4 -_{4}^{\ \,-}) and Silica (H4SiO4) were determined. The geochemical study of the aquatic systems of the Gadilam river basin show that the groundwater is near-acidic
to alkaline and mostly oxidizing in nature. Higher concentration of Sodium and Chloride indicates leaching of secondary salts
and anthropogenic impact by industry and salt water intrusion. Spatial distribution of EC indicates anthropogenic impact in
the downstream side of the basin. The concentration levels of trace metals such as Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Bromide
(Br), Iodide (I) and Aluminium (Al) have been compared with the world standard. Interpretation of data shows that some trace
metals such as Al, Ni and Pb exceed the acceptable limit of world standard. Geophysical study was carried out to identify
the weathered zone in the hard rock and contaminated zone by anthropogenic impact in the downstream of river Gadilam. A few
of the groundwater samples in the study area were found to be unsuitable for domestic and drinking purposes. 相似文献
19.
Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Heihe River Basin,northwest China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zhu Gaofeng Su Yonghong Huang Chunlin Feng Qi Liu Zhiguang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(1):139-153
The Heihe River Basin is a typical arid inland river basin for examining stress on groundwater resources in northwest China.
The basin is composed of large volumes of unconsolidated Quaternary sediments of widely differing grain size, and during the
past half century, rapid socio-economic development has created an increased demand for groundwater resources. Understanding
the hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater and water quality is important for sustainable development and effective management
of groundwater resources in the Heihe River basin. To this end, a total of 30 representative groundwater samples were collected
from different wells to monitor the water chemistry of various ions and its quality for irrigation. Chemical analysis shows
that water presents a large spatial variability of chemical facies (SO4
2−–HCO3−, SO4
2−–Cl−, and Cl−–SO4
2−) as groundwater flow from recharge area to discharge area. The ionic ratio indicates positive correlation between the flowing
pairs of parameters: Cl− and Na+(r = 0.95), SO4
2− and Na+ (r = 0.84), HCO3
− and Mg2+(r = 0.86), and SO4
2− and Ca2+ (r = 0.91). Dissolution of minerals, such as halite, gypsum, dolomite, silicate, and Mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O) in the sediments results in the Cl−, SO4
2−, HCO3
−, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content in the groundwater. Other reactions, such as evaporation, ion exchange, and deposition also influence the water composition.
The suitability of the groundwater for irrigation was assessed based on the US Salinity Laboratory salinity classification
and the Wilcox diagram. The results show that most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation uses barring a few
locations in the dessert region in the northern sub-basin. 相似文献
20.
Mohsen Jalali 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(7):1479-1488
This study was conducted to evaluate factors regulating groundwater quality in an area with agriculture as main use. Thirty
groundwater samples have been collected from Razan area (Hamadan, Iran) for hydrochemical investigations to understand the
sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. The chemical compositions of the groundwater
are dominated by Na+, Ca2+, HCO3
−, Cl− and SO4
2−, which have been derived largely from natural chemical weathering of carbonate, gypsum and anthropogenic activities of fertilizer’s
source. The production of SO4
2− has multiple origins, mainly from dissolution of sulphate minerals, oxidation of sulphide minerals and anthropogenic sources.
The major anthropogenic components in the groundwater include Na+, Cl−, SO4
2− and NO3
−, with Cl− and NO3
− being the main contributors to groundwater pollution in Razan area. 相似文献