Study on the Effects of Waves and Dispersant on the Submergence of Spilled Oil

Water Resources - The baffled flasks were used to simulate regular wave and breaking wave at different oscillation intensities to study the effects of wave strength, reaction time, and dispersant...     

地震断层面上凹凸体和障碍体含义的解析

由凹凸体和障碍体研究引入的非均匀地震破裂模式,可解释主震前破裂的成因及主破裂之后的应力集中,对地震危险性分析具有重要的理论价值。本文在国内外研究成果的基础上,深入研究了凹凸体和障碍体在地震破裂过程中的作用和意义,解析了凹凸体和障碍体的本质含义,对比分析了两种模式的异同之处,给出了两种模式在不同滑动模型中的适用性,为地震安全性评价提供了有力的理论依据。     

岩石破裂强度的温度和应变率效应及其对岩石圈流变结构的影响

研究了温度和应变率对岩石破裂强度的影响,得到了岩石圈中一些典型岩石破裂强度的新的经验规律.新的经验规律除考虑围压和标本尺度的影响外,还考虑了温度和应变率的影响,并增加了新岩石的结果,所以更能反映岩石圈内岩石破裂的真实状态.通过对鄂尔多斯平均流变结构的计算和对比研究表明：传统的忽略脆性破裂的流变模型过高地估计了流变强度,流变机制的分布也不尽合理.而考虑了脆性破裂机制的流变模型的结果表明脆性区分为两部分,浅部以摩擦滑动机制控制,深部以脆性破裂机制控制.由于新的经验规律考虑的代表性岩石更全面,并考虑了应变率的影响,得到的脆性区的范围进一步增大,流变强度进一步降低.     

倾斜界面和各向异性对谐波分解方法的影响研究

利用接收函数谐波分解方法可以提取地壳下方的不均匀信息,但当多种不均匀性同时存在时,该方法反演结果的准确性目前尚不十分清楚。基于5组20个理论模型,研究了倾斜界面和各向异性对谐波分解方法的影响。结果表明,对于只存在倾斜界面的情况,利用谐波分解方法可以很好地得到模型参数。在各向异性和倾斜界面同时存在的情况下,各向异性的存在会影响谐波分解得到的倾斜界面振幅信息,而且这种影响还和倾斜界面的走向有关。倾斜轴各向异性谐波分解得到的各向异性强度与倾斜轴倾角大小有关,与快轴方向关系不大。使用谐波分解方法对江西九江台进行分析,结果表明,台站下方倾斜和各向异性共存,快轴方向约为86°,时间延迟约为0.46 s。     

Raindrop impact and water flow on the vegetative surfaces of trees and the effects on stemflow and throughfall generation

The physical processes of raindrop impact and water flow on the leaves and branches of selected tropical tree species were examined under laboratory conditions using simulated rainfall. Inclined branches were found to be particularly efficient in detaining impacting water droplets. This efficiency in raindrop detention increases linearly as a function of branch inclination on branches that are initially dry. On branches that have been thoroughly wetted, this increase in raindrop detention with branch inclination is best expressed as a logarithmic function. At branch inclinations of 60° above the horizontal, the quantity of branchflow was found to be > 80 per cent of the total quantity of impacting rainfall, indicating that < 20 per cent was lost to rainsplash. The strong positive relationship between branchflow and branch inclination explains why trees with large projected areas of steeply inclined upthrust branches have significant quantities of intercepted water draining from their branches and trunks under heavy rainfall conditions. This drainage from the woody frame of trees influences surficial processes by generating both stemflow and large throughfall droplets.     

地表潮汐平面应变状态与地震关系的研究

以河北怀来台三方向伸缩仪为例，根据应变观测平面应变状态的基本理论和计算方法，通过计算得到了应变观测点的最大主应变、最小主应变、主应变方向和剪切应变的变化曲线，结合1989年10月18日山西大同－阳高6．1级地震和1998年1月10日河北张北6．2级地震，对地表平面应变状态与地震的关系进行了深入研究。得出如下结论：地表潮汐平面应变状态与地震存在一定的关系，而且在中强地震前地表潮汐平面应变状态表现出不同的变化特征。     

Research on the influence of grouted sleeves and assembled seams on the deformation and bearing capacity of compression-flexure member

Grouted sleeves can effectively connect precast elements, but the effect of grouted sleeves for increased stiffness and assembled seam for weakening stiffness on the precast column's mechanical properties is unclear. Based on the full-scale test results of precast columns connected with grouted sleeves and the correctness of the numerical models, the influence analysis of the individual and coupling action of the grouted sleeves and assembled seam on the deformation and bearing capacity of the precast column is carried out. The research results show that grouted sleeves significantly affect the deformation and peak bearing capacity of precast columns; when precast columns are subjected to the action of high axial pressure, grouted sleeves significantly affect the bearing capacity. However, the influence of assembled seams on the peaking capacity of the precast column is more obvious when it was tested under low axial compression. It is recommended that the connection position should be 2 times the height of the grouted sleeve from the bottom of the foundation.     

地震保险的政策性与商业性探讨

地震是群灾之首,一次破坏性地震可以造成巨大的生命和财产损失。地震保险风险责任大,是保险公司难以独立承担的业务,必然亏损;单位或个人心存侥幸,不愿投保。这种逆向选择的局面严重制约了地震保险业的发展。随着时代的进步和科学技术的发展,地震保险离我们愈近,本文就地震保险的政策引导和商业盈利进行探讨,提出建立灾害基金,政策性强制保险及保险公司非盈利性经营的一些看法。     

Quantitative measurements on the paleo-weathering intensity of the loess-soil sequences and implication on paleomonsoon

The loess-soil sequences in northern China provide a near continuous record of Quaternary paleoclimate. The pedogenetic intensity of the sequences is closely linked with the variations of the East Asian summer monsoon. In this study, 2181 samples from the Changwu and Xifeng loess sections are analyzed and two high-resolution paleo-weathering timeseries of the last 1.2 Ma are generated, using the ratio of CBD extractable free Fe₂O₃ (FeD) versus the total iron (FeT). This new index is compared with micromorphological features, low-frequency magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, and the Rb/Sr ratio^[5,6]. The results suggest that the FeD/FeT ratio is able to better reflect the degree of soil development. Since the chemical weathering of loess in the Loess Plateau region mainly depends upon the summer precipitation and temperature under modern climate condition, which are closely associated with strength of summer monsoon, and the chemical weathering intensity of loess primarily reflects the variations of the summer monsoon circulation.     

Experimental study on the effect of the critical temperature of water on the preparing and occurring of large earthquakes

The features of fracturing and dissolving of Yunnan marble in distilled water near the critical temperature have been studied experimentally. The results indicate that the mechanical parameters of the samples (fracture strength, Young’s Modulus, shear fracture energy and fracture toughness) drop with the temperature of the environment water, near the critical temperature (380°C), these parameters have sudden changes (drop), then keep stable values roughly. The contents of some chemical materials in the water, PH value and conductivity at every experiment temperature have been analysed and measured. At 380°C, there all exist sudden changes. According to the results, it is pointed out that the sudden changes are related to strong stress corrosion of water near its critical temperature to the rock and the exist and its migration of the water solution near the critical temperature in the crust have important significance to the earthquake source process, the formation cause of the low-focal depth earthquakes in the crust. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 156–163, 1992. This work was sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

搜索理论与建筑物评估和标记问题的讨论

简述了救援支持系统的含义、搜索理论的发展及其在倒塌建筑物救援中的应用前景；分析了我国现有倒塌建筑物评估的现状，认为应当在适当时机开展这方面的研究；重点讨论了建筑物评估和标记，认为目前我国应当借鉴国外救援行动有关的建筑物评估与标记方法；讨论了建筑物倒塌救援的搜索方法和程序；介绍了国外建筑物倒塌救援标记的使用方法。     

地震社会心理初探与政府的疏导防治对策

针对我国当前较具典型的几种地震社会心理，指出职能部门疏导、防治的工作重点，并从顺应国情、民情及国家经济体制改革的方向出发，提出相应的对策建议。     

活动断裂带的地形地貌差异与红外亮温年变特征的研究

利用NOAA卫星夜间第五通道红外影像和数字高程资料,以青藏高原北部的东昆仑断裂、阿尔金断裂和祁连山-海原断裂为例,定量分析了在地震活动相对平静的年份内活动断裂的地形地貌差异与红外辐射的动态变化.研究结果表明,断裂两盘的垂直升降差异是导致活动断裂红外亮温差异的主要原因,地形与红外亮温保持了良好的负相关性,并且这种负相关性与气温垂直递减率基本统一,这说明提取震前红外辐射异常时首先应考虑剔除区域气候的影响.此外断裂两侧的岩性差异、水系分布以及人文环境等地形地貌因素对断裂带的红外亮温也产生一定作用.对活动断裂进行红外辐射亮温年变形态的研究,能为有效提取震前红外辐射异常积累一些有意义的经验和认识.     

Dynamics of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Based on Results of Observations on the SURA Facility

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The results of studies of atmospheric dynamics in the altitude range of 60–130 km are presented based on measurements of the velocity of vertical plasma motion,...     

闽赣交界地区流动地磁变化特征与地震关系的分析

利用1990年以来闽赣交界地区流动地磁观测资料,分析研究1990年以来发生的地震与地磁异常变化的关系。结果表明,闽赣交界地区流动地磁变化与该地区的地震存在一定的对应关系,在震前一年内出现异常,表现出地磁场变化的群体性和同向性的特征,震级越大,震磁异常关系越显著。     

基于GIS的江西活动断裂分布与地震活动关系研究

采用地理信息系统方法。对江西境内分布的18条主要活动断裂周围10km,20km,30km建立缓冲区，对各缓冲区的地震活动频度和强度进行了统计分析，得出江西地震活动较强区域主要在赣南，其次在赣北。为江西省的防震减灾工作部署提供了定量依据。     

The Formation and Balance of the Atmospheric Precipitations,Surface Water,and Groundwater on the Southern Slopes of the Khibiny Massif (Based on Data on the Isotopic Composition of Oxygen and Hydrogen)

Water Resources - The δ2H and δ18O values of the atmospheric precipitations in the Khibins vary within the range –147 ≤ δ2H ≤ –37‰, –20 ≤...     

晋冀蒙交界地区地震时间序列谱的分析与研究

利用快速傅里叶变换和连续小波变换方法对晋冀蒙交界区1494年至2009年间发生的30个M_S≥5.0地震的时间—震级序列的准周期性进行了对比研究。研究结果显示:该区M_S≥5.0地震序列现阶段存在333年的较长稳定周期和77年的中等周期以及11年、8.6年的优势短周期,333年的长周期表明该区5级以上地震高潮期已过,但仍处于地震的较强活跃时段,77年的中等周期表明目前处于5级以上地震成组活动的低潮期,而11年的短周期显示2010年前后周期峰值达到极大值,表明2010年在77年成组活动的低潮期内有一次小的高潮,而8.6年的短周期显示周期已于2007年达到峰值极大值。相比于傅里叶变换,小波变换方法不仅能够分辨出地震活动的优势准周期性,而且能够对不同周期在不同时段的活跃程度给出清晰的描述,对当前及未来地震活动趋势的判断相对更准确。     

Impact of Earthquakes and Tsunamis on the Ionosphere

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Diagnostics of the outer envelopes of the Earth through global satellite navigational systems and through the equally global network of ground receivers and...     

松原灌区建设对查干湖生态风险分析及对策

松原灌区将对国家自然保护区查干湖周围的盐碱地实施大面积围垦,若大量高浓度碱性尾水直排入湖,将导致查干湖生态系统严重污染.对这一风险合理评估并防范,关系到湖区生态安全与灌区的可行.本文在对湖区生态环境及灌区尾水排放模式与含盐特性系统分析基础上,提出利用退化沼泽湿地(盐沼)构建湿地处理系统(生态缓冲区),而非直接入湖的构想.当灌区运行一定时期,尾水水质得到改善,再入湖发挥补水效应.同时在设计上采取盐碱地分批滚动开发,以控制年排盐总量,降低排盐强度;以及充分利用碱湖泡随机承泄,减轻对查干湖的压力,既可防止湖水污染,又可保证灌区建设可行.