重要的是机制的改革 功能的改革

2001年12月22～24日,由中国期刊协会工程设计研究会和中国勘察设计杂志社主办的勘察设计单位改企建制交流研讨(暨第八届通讯员工作)会在成都召开。来自全国各地设计单位的近200名代表参加了本次会议。会议由中国勘察设计杂志社社长、总编辑邱雅陆主持。会上,国家计委宏观经济研究院科研管理部银温泉副主任,国家经贸委中小企业司王海林处长,建设部政策法规司体改办贾四海同志,建设部原办公厅副主任、期刊协会工程设计研究会郝圣锟会长,四川省勘察设计协会蒋道楠副秘书长等有关领导作了发言,国电华北电力工程有限公司徐美珍主任和四川省电力设计院朱白桦院长分别就本院的改制情况作了专题报告。会议期间,代表们针对当前勘察设计单位改企建制工作中各方所关注的一些具体问题进行了探讨与交流。三天的会议求真务实,受到与会代表的好评。现选登本次研讨会上的几扁材料,供正在改企建制中的勘察设计单位借鉴参考。     

日本产的锰的二氧化物矿物的研究现状和存在的问题

本文对日本天然产出的十七种锰的二氧化物矿物.锰钾矿(隐钾锰矿)(石金石—ishiganeite),锰钡矿(钡硬锰矿),锰钠矿(隐钠锰矿),锰铅矿(铅硬锰矿),软锰矿,恩苏塔矿(横须贺石),拉锰矿,(兰姆斯德矿),钠水锰矿(比艾山矿),钙硬锰矿,低钙锰矿(塔锰矿,高根矿),钙锰矿(钡镁锰矿),锂硬锰矿,硬锰矿,黑锌锰矿,水锌锰矿,黑银锰矿和非晶质锰的二氧化物矿物,从描述矿物学的观点出发,结合陆地产出的锰的二氧化物与锰结核的成分之间的关系。进行了简要的论述。     

罗布莎矿的发现及铁的硅化物的晶体化学

0 引言 西藏罗布莎铬铁矿矿物学研究首先是由1981年在罗布莎和东巧两个地幔橄榄岩中发现了金刚石而引发的.1996～2004年,在地矿部地调局和加拿大NSERC资助下开展了"西藏超高压矿物群"的课题研究.     

河网化的分区及渠道的布置原则的探讨

根据本区的地形、水文,地质及水文地质特点,按河网化的需要,概可划分为以下几区: 工 区 本区范围位于调查区之南部,标高一般在200—800米之间。地形崎岖,割切强烈,冲沟甚为发育,割切深度一般为10一30M,冲沟长度为500—1000米,长者可达3000—5000M。坡角为20—70°。这些沟谷相互啣接,构成间歇河流。因岩性分布不均,风化强度不一,故在河流间常形成一些袋状地形,如管帅,后泥牛等皆是。这些冲沟与河流构成北部各大河     

倾斜的隔水层上潜水运动的计算的新方法

在倾斜的平面状的隔水层上的均质的土中流动着的潜水或不承压水,它的流量的计算方法有多种多样。这反映了这个命题,在生产实践上,具有相当大的意义。例如计算水库的渗漏时,如果库岸的地层是倾斜的,那末就需要运用这些方法。     

基于MapObjects的数据组织方式改进的研究的探讨

分析了ESRI的组件式GIS产品MapObjects组织和管理空间数据的方法，对其在多图层，多专题，分布式存储的空间数据的管理中所遇到的问题和不足进行了探讨，提出了一种解决思路。同时建立了一种改进的模型并给出了相应的算法，在实际的应用中取得了较好的效果。     

基于Web的程序设计课程的虚拟实验的实现

讨论在网络远程教育中用JavaApplet来模拟C语言程序的运行，对于给定的程序，用Applet来跟踪程序执行的各个步骤，观察变量的值的变化，显示程序的输出结果，学习者可以给出程序的输入值，观察对于不同输入值而导致的程序执行的流程，变量值和输出的变化，通过在网页中嵌入这种Applet，学习者可以像使用一个调试器一样观察程序的执行过程，在一定程度上实现基于Web的程序设计课程的实验。     

国土的光荣 广西的骄傲

广西这片英雄的土地素来豪杰并起、英才辈出,明代有抗倭巾帽瓦氏夫人,晚清有抗法勇士冯子材;近代有东兰革命武装早期领导人韦拔群,抗日名将李宗仁;和平年代有农民的好榜样韦江歌,人民的好检察官陈革。如今,先辈们曾经洒过热血、滴过汗水的神奇土地上又出现一位壮族楷模、八桂骄子,     

幸福的所长能干的兵

我“家”是个小所,也是个“名”所。有人说,我们这个“家”有“仙气”,来这儿任职的所长日后必将委以重任;也有人说,我们这个“家”特有人气,里里外外都有好口碑;要我自己说,我们能这么融洽,那得归功于家里6个恪尽职守、吃苦耐劳的铁打兵,所里有了他们,谁当所长都是福气。     

明清的缩影宁静的前童

前童镇位于浙江省宁海西南,始建于南宋绍定六年（公元1233年）。江南的小镇,宁静的美丽中叙说着历史的沧桑。悠久的历史、深厚的文化积淀和独特的地理环境造就了前童古镇独特的气息,因而前童被称之为“浙江省历史文化名镇”、“浙江省旅游城镇”和“中国历史文化名镇”。〈br〉 前童,是一个不凡的江南明清时期的民居原版,是一幅古韵浓重的乡村画,更是一段优美动人的江南丝竹小调。它以民居布局奇特、明清古建筑群保存完好及人才辈出而闻名遐迩。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Pressure Increases, the Formation of Chromite Seams, and the Development of the Ultramafic Series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana

This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in theStillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increasesin total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased becauseof the positive V of nucleation of CO₂ bubbles in the melt andtheir subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during whichthe bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4–6. Byanalogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers ofKilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0•2–0•25kbar, or 5–10% of the total pressure in the Stillwaterchamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining andmixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber withthe somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is basedupon calculations using observed and inferred velocities andflow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures.The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed,rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing ofthe new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromitecrystallizing alone did not take place. Mixing was an important process in the Stillwater magma chamber,however. After the new magma in the chamber underwent {smalltilde}5% fractional crystallization, its composition, temperature,and density approached those of the overlying liquid in thechamber and the liquids then mixed. If this process occurredmany times over the course of the development of the Ultramaficseries, a thick column of magma with orthopyroxene on its liquiduswould have been the result. Thus, the sequence of multiple injections,fractionation, and mixing with previously fractionated magmacould have been the mechanism that produced the thick bronzitecumulate layer (the Bronzitite zone) above the cyclic units.     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。