中非铜矿带地质勘查新进展

介绍中非铜矿带地质勘查或成矿研究的新进展，对比了中非铜矿带和我国云南东川铜矿区的地质特征，对东川铜矿区的勘查提出几点建议。     

安徽滁（州）-巢（湖）断褶带铜、金、铁矿成矿地质特征

文章在总结滁（州）-巢（湖）断褶带铜、金、铁矿勘查成果的基础上,分析了区内成矿地质条件和控矿因素,指出滁县铜矿、全椒马厂铜金矿以及巢湖苏家湾铜、金、铁矿等,均处于以燕山期闪长玢岩矽卡岩型铜、金、铁矿化为主的同一成矿带,即滁（州）-巢（湖）断褶带,并提出进一步加强该带成矿地质特征研究和地质勘查工作的建议。     

斑岩铜矿的勘查模式

在详细研究斑岩铜矿普查准则的基础上，将其划分为矿化直接标志，矿化间接标志，矿化的有利地质前提和有利地质前提的间接标志４类，并以此与矿床产出的３种类型：地表矿、浅部矿和隐伏矿相联系，作为建立矿产勘查模式的基础，对矿产勘查技术手段区出专门测试型、综合调查型和探矿工程，指出了它们在建立矿产勘查模式中的不同作用。在针对不同产出类型建立斑岩铅矿矿田和矿床的矿产勘查流程的基础上，提出了斑岩铜矿勘查模式。     

中—乌西天山斑岩铜矿成矿条件对比与成矿远景预测

中国和乌兹别克斯坦共和国合作，对比研究了新疆天山库西木契克矿带及喇嘛苏铜矿与乌兹别克斯坦中天山库拉明矿带及阿尔玛雷克铜矿的区域成矿地质环境、矿床地质特征，确定了喇嘛苏铜矿床类型，提出了成矿远影评价和勘查建议。     

云南蒙自白牛厂银多金属矿区深部找矿的新发现

云南白牛厂银多金属矿床是我国20世纪80年代后发现的超大型矿床之一。近年来作者通过对其控矿因素的进一步研究，突破了断裂控矿、层位控矿的认识局限，提出了成矿作用主要与燕山晚期花岗质岩浆活动有关；随着与隐伏花岗岩体接触带距离的加大，出现Sn（Fe）→Cu→Zn→Pb→Ag→Sb的矿化空间分带规律新认识。在分析深部岩体产状及地球物理勘查（高频大地电磁测深扫面）基础上，认为锡、铜是矿区南部深部的主要勘查目标，经钻探验证，发现了厚大的铜矿体和富锡矿体．     

滇东南那能金矿带之断裂控矿

根据那能金矿近年勘查及开发资料，发现该区金矿与近EW向断裂构造间存在极密切的成生联系，并在断裂控矿特征上有诸多具体表现。以矿区实际资料为主要依据，探讨断理解控矿模式，认为断裂控矿、矿体固定及矿床远景评价之间亦具有不可忽视的关联。结合在矿带（区）中实际运用断裂控矿规律，对那能金矿带作预测性远景评价。     

甘肃合作早子沟特大型金矿床主矿带、主矿体特征及勘查、研究意义剖析

通过对甘肃早子沟特大型金矿探矿工程控制程度的简要分析,认为矿区勘查程度整体达到详查,这些勘查资料为主矿带、主矿体特征的分析、研究提供了基础。通过对NE向、NW向、SN向和叠加于其上的NWW向4组断裂带所控制的4个矿带的矿化规模、矿化强度等特征的对比分析,认为NE向矿带为矿区的主矿化带。在分析主矿体确定要素的基础上,从矿体规模、平均品位、厚度及品位变化系数、金属量等方面对比评述了各矿带主矿体的特征。本研究利用矿区普查、详查成果,通过对主矿体数量、金属量等在各矿带的空间分布及变化特征的对比分析,初步评价了主矿带、主矿体的勘查效果和勘查、研究意义。     

大桥坞火山岩型铀矿床地质特征及勘查方法评述

通过新一轮找矿工作（2006-2008年）的勘查实践及研究认为：（1）大桥坞火山岩型铀矿床赋矿主岩为火山角砾岩,具两种类型的角砾岩,一种为火山通道相隐爆角砾岩．另一种为火山口相受层间构造控制的透镜状角砾岩;NW向组断裂构造是主控矿构造,矿床各矿带铀矿体的总体走向主要为NW向。（2）普查阶段勘查工程的布设应注重灵活机动原则,随地质认识的加深和变化及时调整工程布置方案。     

辽南华铜铜矿外围地区地质特征及找矿前景分析

通过对辽南华铜铜矿外围地区开展地质、物化探综合普查评价,系统地分析了该区成矿地质条件,确定了4处找矿靶区,其中矿洞山为重点勘查区.矿洞山找矿靶区发现的4条构造矿化蚀变带与圈定的物、化探异常吻合较好,经综合分析认为,其成矿条件与已知华铜铜矿和仰山铜矿可类比.电法测量成果为寻找隐伏矿提供了重要依据.由此推断,在矿洞山区极有可能找到一处隐伏的夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床,找矿远景较好.     

关于建立斑岩型铜矿床勘查标识体系的初步探讨

斑岩型铜矿床勘查标识体系,是建立在全球超大型.大型斑岩型铜矿床丰富研究成果和勘查经验基础上,凝炼不同矿床之间的共性和差异性来作为斑岩型铜矿床普适性标志和区分标准,探寻矿床特征与勘查方法之间的内在联系,最大程度结合科研成果,优选科学的勘查方案并给出评价依据,构建以地质事实→成矿机制研究→勘查方法应用“三位一体”的勘查标识体系。该体系架构分为矿床地质、矿床成因机制和勘查方法三个部分。建立斑岩型铜矿床勘查标识体系将有利于增进对斑岩型铜矿床的有效勘查。本文以特提斯.喜马拉雅成矿域的西藏驱龙斑岩型铜.钼矿床、环太平洋东段成矿域的智利ElTeniente斑岩型铜.钼矿床和中亚成矿域东部的蒙古OyuTolgoi斑岩型铜.金矿床三个超大型斑岩型铜矿床为例,重点对比勘查标识体系中矿床地质和致矿岩体地球化学特征,归纳提炼不同矿床之间的共性和差异,对构建斑岩型铜矿(床)勘查标识体系进行初步探讨。研究结果显示:产于不同构造环境下的三个斑岩型铜矿床中均发育钾化带、青磐岩化带和绢英岩化带;铜矿化在钾化带和绢英岩化带中均有发育,钼矿化更倾向于在含水蚀变如绢云母化带、石英.绢云母蚀变部位,金矿化赋存于钾化带发育部位;矿化中心向矿区外围硫化物具有斑铜矿→黄铜矿(+斑铜矿)→黄铁矿的分布规律,铜矿化和钼矿化相叠加,但高品位的铜钼矿体相分离。驱龙矿床未发育ElTeniente矿床和OyuTolgoi矿床共有的(高级)泥化蚀变,可能与其形成环境或剥蚀有关。在地球化学数据收集中,为了确保数据分析的有效性提出筛选方法和程序。岩石地化数据结果显示:致矿斑岩体主要由30%~50%斜长石斑晶和60%左右基质(石英、钾长石)组成,均为高钾钙碱性、过铝质、埃达克质岩石,具有相似的右倾型稀土元素配分模式;但是致矿岩体的硅碱成分、稀土元素配分模式、Sr-Nd同位素表现出与产出环境一致的变化规律,Sr/Y-Y图解显示ElTeniente矿床较驱龙矿床和OyuTolgoi矿床的致矿岩体表现出更典型埃达克岩特征。总之,斑岩型铜矿勘查标识体系的提出和以三个矿床为例的初步探讨为下一步构建该勘查体系奠定了一定的基础。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861