关中娄土剖面中重金属元素的垂直分布规律研究

通过对关中平原西安污灌区、宝鸡峡灌区、交口灌区关中娄土剖面土壤样品的采集、监测,重点分析了对土壤环境及人体危害较大的Cd、Pb、As、Cr等重金属元素在土壤剖面中的垂直分布和淋失迁移的特征.结果表明:在长期污灌的条件下,关中娄土剖面中的Cd、Pb、As、Cr含量具有在土壤耕作层富集的特征,关中娄土剖面中的Cd、Pb含量具有从耕作层向土壤下层递减的趋势,As、Cr含量从耕作层向土壤下层递减的趋势不明显.关中娄土剖面中的Cd、Pb、As、Cr含量在80～100 cm土壤粘化层中均具有明显增高的趋势,为土壤剖面中重金属元素垂直分布的转折层.关中娄土剖面中重金属元素的淋失率具有CA>Cr>As>Pb的特征,且土壤剖面中重金属的淋失率具有从耕作层、犁底层、老耕层、古耕层、粘化层垂直递增的趋势.当污灌区土层中的重金属含量高时,土壤剖面中的重金属元素Cd、Cr、As、Pb均可向土壤下包气带土层淋虑迁移,对地下水的安全构成威胁.     

不同水文条件下巢湖典型河流磷形态研究

河流输送是受纳水体中磷的主要来源,不同水文条件对其输送有很大影响。选择巢湖典型入湖河流丰乐和柘皋,在不同水文条件下,即非洪水期（丰乐和柘皋）、洪水涨水段（丰乐）与退水段（柘皋）对河水和沉积物进行分布式采样,测定磷的不同形态。其中,河水测定总磷（TP）和可溶性磷（DP）,沉积物测定总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、铁铝磷（Fe/AL-P）和钙磷（Ca-P）。结果表明：非洪水期丰乐和柘皋河河水和沉积物中TP含量均为柘皋河高于丰乐河,两河都存在着富营养化风险,两河沉积物IP含量都显著高于OP。IP中,柘皋河Fe/Al-P含量略高于Ca-P,丰乐河相反。洪水涨水期,丰乐河河水TP和DP含量显著高于其非洪水期含量,沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期略有降低,表明洪水涨水段降雨径流对不同来源磷冲刷、输送和泛起作用;洪水退水期,柘皋河河水TP和DP含量低于其非洪水期含量,河道沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期有所升高,表明在退水段以稀释和沉淀作用为主。     

密云水库沉积物中磷的形态和分布特征

采用连续提取化学分析技术，对密云水库的柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品进行了磷形态的提取分析，研究了各种形态磷在表层及垂立方向上的分布特征。分析结果表明，密云水库沉积物中以无机磷为主，有机磷次之，无机磷占总磷的76．88％。95．09％。沉积物中总磷及其不同形态无机磷在垂直方向上的分布变化规律为：总磷、可溶态磷含量随深度增加而降低，Ca—P合量随深度增加而增加，Al—P和闭蓄态磷变化幅度不大，Fe—P、有机磷的垂直方向变化情况较复杂。潮、白河流域总磷与各形态磷在表层及垂直方向上的分布差异在一定程度上反映出近年来水库所受上游流域工业活动和人为污染的影响情况。     

长江河田及其上海岸带水体沉积物中磷的存在形态

讨论了磷的５种存在形态及其分布规律。河口及岸带水体沉积物中磷主要是以有机磷（ＯＰ）和无机磷（ＩＰ）形式存在的,有机磷是有机质的组成部分,无机磷又可分为可溶性磷（ＤＰ）、铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、钙结合磷（Ｃａ－Ｐ）。研究发现,沉积物中总磷含量水平在６９２．７９～１５７０．９９μｇ／ｇ之间,无机磷含量在２２０．０２～９２８．３３μｇ／ｇ之间,占总磷含量的３１．８％～６０．５～,而有机磷含量在３９４．８９～６４２．６６μｇ／ｇ之间,为总磷含量的３９．５％～６８．２％。在分析水体喾物中各形态磷的含量和变化的基础上,对磷在时空上的变化,与有机碳、总氮的关系以及污水输入影响等进行了初步的论述,并提出沉积物中铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）和铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）可作为判断污染的指标之一。     

长江河口及其上海岸带水体沉积物中磷的存在形态

讨论了磷的 5种存在形态及其分布规律。河口及岸带水体沉积物中磷主要是以有机磷 (OP)和无机磷 (IP)形式存在的 ,有机磷是有机质的组成部分 ,无机磷又可分为可溶性磷(DP)、铁结合磷 (Fe P)、铝结合磷 (Al P)、钙结合磷 (Ca P)。研究发现 ,沉积物中总磷含量水平在 6 92 79～ 1570 99μg/g之间 ,无机磷含量在 2 2 0 0 2～ 92 8 33μg/g之间 ,占总磷含量的31 8%～ 6 0 5% ,而有机磷含量在 394 89～ 6 4 2 6 6 μg/g之间 ,为总磷含量的 39 5%～ 6 8 2 %。在分析水体沉积物中各形态磷的含量和变化的基础上 ,对磷在时空上的变化、与有机碳、总氮的关系以及污水输入影响等进行了初步的论述 ,并提出沉积物中铁结合磷 (Fe P)和铝结合磷 (Al P)可作为判断污染的指标之一。     

崇明东滩沉积物磷的分布特征及环境意义

对崇明东滩采集的表层样和柱状样品,进行样品的总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)以及有机质含量等的测定,分析了磷的分布变化特征并对其影响因素和环境意义进行了探讨。     

土地利用方式下岩溶湿地土壤无机磷形态特征及分析方法适用性探讨

本研究利用SMT法和七步连续提取法对桂林市会仙岩溶湿地中典型土地利用方式（水稻田、果园、荒地）的土壤以及河流底泥中磷的赋存形态进行研究。结果表明:岩溶土壤总磷含量大小为底泥＞果园＞水稻田＞荒地;底泥中Ex-P和Fe-P所占比例较大;荒地土壤中Or-P和Res-P为主要磷形态;水稻田和果园土壤中Fe-P所占比例较高。人为干扰明显的果园表层土壤有较大的磷淋溶风险;荒地土壤中磷的生物可利用性低,体现了其缓冲固持湿地水体中磷的生态功能。大量可溶性磷经淋溶迁移富集于底泥中,是河流富营养化的风险源。七步法表现出在提取多种复杂结合态磷上的优势,对岩溶土壤中Ca-P的提取更充分有效,更适用于研究岩溶土壤不同形态的磷分布特征。      

黄河三角洲新生湿地磷分布特征及吸附解吸规律

采用改进的 Hedley 磷分级方法研究了黄河三角洲新生湿地由河向海过渡带表层土壤磷形态变化和分布特征,并通过等温吸附解吸实验阐明了沿程土壤对外源磷的持留能力和释放风险。结果表明,各样点无机磷占总磷93%以上,是磷的主要存在形态。土壤中有机磷含量较低,可能与较低的有机质含量有关。无机磷中稀盐酸磷是最主要存在形态,与各样点Ca/Al含量密切相关。有效磷含量在18.6~33.4 mg/kg之间,仅占总磷的3.2%~5.9%,可能会限制湿地植物的生长。覆有植被的土壤中有效磷含量显著高于河滩和海滩土壤,说明植被存在对有效磷的积累有一定促进作用。由吸附解吸实验可知,加入较低浓度（0.05~5 mg/L）的外源磷时,随着初始磷浓度的升高,土壤对磷的吸附量增加,吸附率为70%~99%,解吸率小于7%,这说明各样点土壤的除磷能力较强,且流失风险较低。     

湖泊沉积物中三种磷提取方法比较

水体沉积物中磷的分级提取没有统一的方法,大多数的提取方法只对沉积物中无机磷(IP)进行了研究,有机磷(OP)是作为一个整体被研究,OP的形态尚不清楚。文章探讨了SMT法、Ivanoff法和Golterman法三种方法对湖泊沉积物中磷形态提取的特征,分析了各方法应用于IP和OP形态提取的联系和差别。结果表明SMT法提取的钙磷(Ca-P)是Golterman法提取Ca-P的16倍,Golerman法提取的铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)是SMT法提取的近3倍。从OP提取结果来看,Goterlman法>Ivanoff法>SMT法,Golterman法和Ivanoff法提取的酸可提取有机磷相差较大,其他形态OP含量则相当。研究结果对于沉积物磷形态分析提取方法的合理选择具有指导意义。     

模拟酸雨条件下石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系的碳汇效应

为揭示不同酸度降雨对石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系内岩溶碳汇效应的影响,以贵阳市花溪区历史降水量为参照,选取贵阳市青岩镇纯灰岩发育土壤与贵阳市花溪水库三叠纪大冶组纯灰岩为样本进行淋溶试验。测定了6个月时长内不同酸度降水﹑不同土壤深度下模拟石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系降水淋出液的HCO3-﹑DOC含量和土壤呼吸速率,研究了模拟酸雨对石灰土-石灰岩体系碳汇的影响。结果表明:（1）在土壤深度10～50 cm匀质状态的样本中,随着土壤厚度的增加,淋出液中HCO3-含量逐渐增大﹑DOC含量逐渐减小﹑土壤呼吸速率逐渐增大,显示出土壤厚度对石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系的碳汇效应有着明显的影响;(2)在pH=3.5~6.8的范围内,降水酸度的增强可以抑制岩溶作用与有机碳的溶解,并降低岩溶碳汇效应;（3）在日降水量90～230 mm范围内,随着降水量的增大碳汇效应也会随之增强。      

Distributions of total,inorganic and organic phosphorus in surface and recent sediments of the sub-tropical and semi-pristine Guaratuba Bay estuary,SE Brazil

This study addresses the distribution of total phosphorus (TP) and its inorganic (IP) and organic (OP) fractions, grain-size and organic matter of surface and recent sediments, coupled to the behavior of total and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (TP and DIP) of the water column, of the semi-pristine Guaratuba Bay estuary, SE Brazil. Surface sediment samples were taken at 43 sites spread along the estuarine gradient and recent sediments from 3 short (35 cm long) cores from the upper, central and lower portions of the estuary, respectively. Highest TP and IP concentrations of surface sediments were detected within the upper sector and the transition zone between the upper and central sectors, all characterized by fine sediments, low salinities and water depths. In contrast, the lower sector and its narrow and deep tidal channel, subject to more intense tidal forcing, exhibited a higher fraction of sandy sediments with lower TP, IP and OP contents. In spite of the spatial variability in sediment grain size, IP corresponded to the major fraction of TP in all estuarine sectors and both TP and IP correlated significantly with the fine sedimentary (silt + clay) grain-size fraction. The fine surface sediments acted as a trap for IP at the fresh water–low salinity interface, which also corresponded to the region of a DIP sink in surface waters. In general, the short sediment cores showed that TP and IP contents increased from 15 cm depths to the top layer. Published sedimentation rates from additional cores taken at the sites of the short cores of this study, implied that depositional alterations of TP and IP increased during the early 1970s, which corresponded to the onset of anthropogenic disturbances from crop plantations in the lowland plains of the river end-member and urbanization at the estuary’s mouth and along the adjacent coast.     

Selenium and heavy metals content in some Mediterranean soils

The study of metal contents in industrial, agricultural or/and polluted soils compared with natural or unpolluted soils is currently necessary to obtain reference values and to assess soil contamination. Nonetheless, very few works published appear in international journals on elements like Se, Li and Sr in Spanish soils. This study determines the total levels of Se, Li, Sr, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ba in 14 natural (unpolluted) soils (Gypsisols, Leptosols, Arenosols and Acrisols), 14 agricultural soils (Anthrosols, Fluvisols and Luvisols), and 4 industrial–urban affected-surface soil horizons (Anthrosols and Fluvisols) of Eastern Spain. The geochemical baseline concentrations (GBC) and reference values (RV) have been established, and the relationships among elements and also between soil properties and elemental concentrations have been analysed. The RV obtained in this study were (mg kg⁻¹): Se 2.68, Li 115, Sr 298, Cd 0.97, Co 35, Cr 217, Cu 46, Ni 50, Pb 137, V 120, Zn 246, Fe 124,472, Mn 2691, and Ba 743. The RV for Se and Li were used as a preliminary approach to assess soil contamination in Spanish soils. The results confirm human impact on Sr, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn soil concentrations, but evidence no deviation from natural Se, Li, Co, V, Fe, Mn and Ba concentrations. The results obtained from the statistical analysis reveal significant correlations between some elements and clay and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, indicating that metal concentrations are controlled by soil composition. One particularly interesting finding is the high correlation coefficients obtained between SOM and Se, Cd, Cr, V, Fe, and Mn, and between clay and Cd, Zn, V, Fe and Mn. Once again, these facts confirm the role of SOM and clay minerals in soil functions and that soil is an ecosystem element responsible for maintaining environmental quality.     

Sediment phosphorus fractions and profile distribution at different vegetation growth zones in a macrophyte dominated shallow Wuliangsuhai Lake,China

Sediment phosphorus (P) fractions and profile distribution at submerged macrophyte growth zone, emergent macrophyte growth zone and open-water zone were studied in Wuliangsuhai Lake, China, as well as the correlations among water content, grain size, and organic matter and P fractions. Among the three surveyed zones, the highest concentrations of most P forms occurred in the surface sediment and the lowest between a depth of 12 and 22 cm, except HCl-P and NaOH-P. Sediment phosphorus was mainly associated to inorganic forms (>50%) in three surveyed areas, and the highest value of inorganic phosphorus (IP) in the surface sediment was obtained from submerged macrophyte growth zone. Submerged and emergent macrophytes increased the IP content by 107 and 44 μg/g, respectively, in the surface sediment compared with open-water zone. Vertical profiles of IP in the three surveyed zones showed that the concentrations decreased from surface to 12 cm depth and then increased. There was a similar trend in the sediment profiles of organic phosphorus (OP) and total phosphorus (TP), but the highest concentration of OP and TP in surface sediment was obtained from the emergent macrophyte growth zone. Compared with open-water zone, the emergent macrophyte increased TP content in surface sediment by 1.73 times to 1,320 μg/g, while submerged macrophyte enhanced TP content in the surface sediment by 1.13 times to 865 μg/g. It was observed that in macrophyte growth zones, a strong linear correlation existed between organic matter and OP (r > 0.98), and the maximum concentrations of OP were present in the areas with maximum concentrations of organic matter. Results show that, although rooted macrophyte could uptake directly P from sediments, it is responsible for increasing the internal P loading especially OP by reducing current velocities, attenuating wave energy and generating organic residue in Wuliangsuhai Lake.     

渝东南岩溶山地土地利用方式对土壤有机碳时空分布特征的影响

通过野外调查、采样和分析,运用地统计学方法,选择旱地、稻田、菜园和果园四种地利用方式,分析了渝东南秀山、黔江、酉阳三地土壤有机碳(SOC)的时间和空间分布特征。结果表明:空间上,在耕作层和心土层SOC含量都是菜园最大,旱地最小,且差异显著;而底土层果园最大,稻田最小,差异不显著;不同的土地利用方式对土壤剖面SOC含量的影响一致,自上而下依次降低,均为耕作层SOC含量最高,底土层最低,稻田降幅最大,旱地最小,且差异显著;时间上,与1984年第二次土壤普查相比,除旱地外20多年来渝东南岩溶区0~20cm耕层SOC含量普遍升高,其中菜园的增加幅度最大,稻田最小。但总的来说,研究区岩溶山地土壤有机质含量普遍较低,建议通过人为施肥提高有机质的含量,探索和推广应用免耕、少耕、秸秆还田等耕作措施,增加农田土壤固碳能力。      

Gold dispersion in a tropical rainforest weathering profile at Dondo Mobi, Gabon

At Dondo Mobi in the gold district of Eteke, south Gabon, gold mineralization was studied in a tropical forest setting. The mineralization occurs in quartz veins within amphibolites of an Archaean gneiss-amphibolite series. Gold distribution patterns were studied in the different horizons of the weathering profile and in the different grain-size fractions of the materials sampled from three pits sunk in the weathered zone: upslope (pit P1), directly overlying (pit P2) and downslope (pit P3) of the mineralization.The weathering profile consists of an upper, thick, loose sandy argillaceous horizon (H1), an irregular nodular horizon with laterite nodules or blocks (H2) and a saprolite layer (H3) up to 70 m thick. In each pit, the specific geochemical signature of the bedrock is recognized in the three horizons of the weathering profile. Some groups of elements, e.g., Cr-Ni or Ba-V-P₂O₃, characterize amphibolite or black shale, respectively. Signal attenuations in the upper horizon can be explained by a homogenization effect. That can be related to a mushroom supergene dispersion, simultaneously inducing vertical decrease and lateral enrichment in element contents. Gold also mushrooms extensively in the different horizons of the weathering profile. The dispersion pattern is somewhat anisotropic, a strong enlargement being observed in the upper (H1) and intermediate nodular (H2) horizons alike. However, the evolution of Au distribution is not the same for all grain-size fractions: (a) in the finest fraction, Au is regularly distributed in the weathering profile at the anomalous top and tends to preserve an equivalent level of concentration laterally; (b) in the coarsest fraction, the maximum Au content is found in the upper horizon just above the mineralized structure; it is rapidly decreases laterally, in the surface halo.The Au geochemical dispersion halo consists mainly of fine-grained gold developed from rather coarse-grained mineralization. Its characteristics suggest that Au dispersion was produced as a result of Au dissolution together with collapse of the weathering profile causing gold migration over short distances.The minimal volumetric reduction of saprolite in the upper horizon can be estimated to be in the range of 60%, on the basis of the content of the different grain-size fractions and the density variations in the various horizons.In exploration, geochemical techniques, even using wide sample spacing, are proving quite adequate to prospect for Au in tropical rainforest weathering environment. Indeed, significant, well-contrasted dispersion haloes facilitate detection of rather confined mineralization.     

Genesis of pedons with discontinuous argillic horizons in the Holocene loess mantle of the southern Pampean landscape,Argentina

Soil development in the plain landscape of the southern Argentinean Pampa is related to pulses of aeolian accretion of calcareous loess during the Holocene epoch. Such plain relief is associated with landform stability that favors pedogenesis. In some sectors of the Holocene loess mantle, detailed soil surveys show a great variability of soil morphology in short distances (<7 m), such that pedons with Bt horizon (Ap-Bt-C-2Ckm) coexist with pedons with an AC horizon (Ap-AC-C-2Ckm) in a plain landscape, within identical loess parent material over a tosca layer (2Ckm-calcrete-petrocalcic horizon), and in a similar pedoclimate. This article studies the origin of this spatial variation. Loess parent materials directly overlie the relic tosca layer, exhumed after erosion of preexisting soils of the Late Pleistocene. The contrast in soil morphology between the petrocalcic horizon and the overlying Holocene soils reflects the effect of polygenesis. The complex soil spatial distribution pattern over the tosca layer appears unrelated to its paleomicrotopography, because soils with Bt horizons are identified in positive and depressed microlandforms of the tosca. The absence of Bt horizons might be caused by formerly intense biological activity related to a stable pattern of two natural vegetation covers or a surface paleomicrotopography that supported distinct vegetation types depending on the soil moisture in each paleomicrolandform.     

红壤中稀土元素结合形态的分布及分配

红壤剖面中稀土元素结合形态的分布研究表明,稀土元素的各种结合形态中以残渣态为主,其次为铁锰氧化物结合态,大部分稀土元素的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机质结合态及酸溶态含量较为接近。稀土元素结合形态在剖面层中的分布大致可分为两类,一类以表层含量较高,如有机质结合态;另一类以深层含量较高,如可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、残渣态（大部分稀土元素表现为C层＞A层＞B层）和酸溶态（主要表现为C层＞B层＞A层）,而铁锰氧化物结合态变化较复杂,但主要集中在深层。不同母质对不同稀土元素各种结合形态的分布有一定的制约作用．表现为某些稀土元素的一些结合形态在一种或几种母质的红壤中占主导地位。稀土元素结合形态的分配研究表明,元素Pr、Tb、Tm、Yb、Lu的分异普遍比较显著,在不同结合形态中呈现富集或亏损,而Ce、Sm、Eu等元素则主要在某一种结合形态中发生分异。从稀土元素的各种结合形态与红壤的硅酸盐成分及其有机质含量、pH值间的相关分析认识到结合形态与红壤本身成分间的密切关系。     

Modeling bioavailable phosphorus via other phosphorus fractions in sediment cores from Jiulongkou Lake, China

Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) plays an important role in phosphorus (P) release from lake and river sediments, as well as serves as an indicator for the potential P-release risk in sediment. Developing a feasible model which could predict BAP via other P fractions is needed for the lakes and reservoirs without regular BAP monitoring. The algal available P (AAP), NaHCO₃ extractable P (Olsen-P), water soluble P (WSP) and readily desorption P (RDP) are four fractions of BAP. The vertical and spatial distributions of BAP fractions of three sediment cores from Jiulongkou Lake were analyzed. In addition, the P fractions, including total P (TP), organic P (OP), inorganic P (IP), non-apatite inorganic P (NAIP), and apatite P (AP) were measured to develop a model for predicting BAP. The model for each BAP fraction was developed based on datasets from Jiulongkou Lake and validated by the datasets collected from Wujin and Wugong Lake. The results showed that all of the four BAP fractions decreased with depth, along the direction of contaminant transport. Their rank order was AAP > Olsen-P > WSP > RDP in all samples. The concentration of BAP was affected by the anthropogenic input and aquatic macrophyte growth. Each of the four BAP fractions could be simulated by different P fractions: both AAP and Olsen-P were expressed by NAIP and OP, WSP had a significant relationship with OP, and RDP had significant relationship with IP. NAIP and OP were the major sources of the BAP fraction. The simulated results in two other lakes further illustrated that this model could be used to successfully predict the BAP concentrations in lakes in the study area, and holds promise for predicting the BAP levels in other lakes and reservoirs as well.     

喀斯特山区碳酸盐岩土壤抗蚀性影响因素研究——以贵州毕节石桥小流域为例

对石桥小流域碳酸盐岩土壤进行理化性质分析,结果表明: 灌草丛地、水保幼林荒草地、坡耕地土壤砂粒含量依次减少,物理性粘粒含量依次增多,说明坡耕地土壤粘质化最严重;灌草丛地水稳性团粒含量最多,粒级较大,土壤水稳性最好;灌草丛地有机质含量较多,结构破坏率较低,坡耕地土壤分散率、侵蚀率、受蚀指数分别是灌草丛地、水保幼林荒草地的1. 11、1. 14, 1. 04、1. 13, 1. 87、1. 82倍,耕地土壤团聚度、团聚状况分别是灌草丛地、水保幼林荒草地的0. 83、0. 84, 0. 69、0. 64倍,说明坡耕地分散率最大,土壤团聚状况最差,土壤抗分散能力弱;小流域内土壤的容重、毛管孔隙度较我国其它地区低,约分别为1. 0g /cm3 ,和39. 86% ,而非毛管孔隙度则较我国其它地区的高,均值为25. 88%。区内碳酸盐岩土壤孔隙的这种组合特征很容易导致上层土壤粘粒向下淋失淀积,堵塞下层土壤孔隙,造成土壤上下层间饱和渗透率的显著差异,对于土壤抵抗流水侵蚀很不利。      

平水期洞庭湖不同形态磷赋存特征

通过现场调查和室内实验,对平水期洞庭湖24个断面上覆水-沉积物磷的污染程度、分布特征进行研究;同时,分析了各形态磷间的相关性,探讨了磷的赋存形态对水体富营养化的影响、沉积物释放量和释放风险。结果表明,水体内总磷分布规律为南洞庭西洞庭东洞庭大通湖,东洞庭湖以颗粒态磷为主,西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖、大通湖均以溶解态磷、无机磷为主。沉积物中总磷的分布规律为南洞庭西洞庭东洞庭大通湖。东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖则以Ca-P为主,大通湖以Fe/Al-P为主。Ca-P与Fe/Al-P呈现较显著的负相关关系。大通湖释放风险较大,可释放量大;东洞庭湖有一定的可释放量,应对这两个湖泊给予较多的关注。与国内其他湖泊比较,洞庭湖沉积物中TP处于中下水平,IP在沉积物中占据较高比例。湖区沉积物中Fe/Al-P与水体中DIP、DTP、TP均具有较显著的负相关关系,存在磷的内源释放。