用TRMM/TMI估算HUBEX试验区的云中液态水

文中应用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪的微波遥感资料反演云中液态水。由于微波成像仪85.5 GHz通道对云中液态水非常敏感,通过离散纵坐标矢量辐射传输模式,运用迭代的方法可以有效地反演出陆地上空非降水云中的液态水路径。在淮河流域能量与水分循环试验中,分别运用微波成像仪85.5 GHz垂直极化单通道和微波成像仪85.5 GHz极化亮温差两种方法来估算陆地上空的云中液态水路径,反演结果与地基微波辐射计的测量结果是较为一致的。当地表比辐射率或地表温度误差较大时,用极化亮温差法估算云中液态水路径相对较好,尤其是对于低云,因为该方法对地表温度不敏感。     

用TRMM卫星微波成像仪遥感云中液态水

应用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪(TRMM/TMI)的被动遥感资料,选用对云中液态水变化非常敏感的85.5 GHz垂直极化通道的亮温信息,通过离散纵坐标矢量辐射传输模式,采取逐步逼近的方法确定出地表的微波比辐射率,并运用迭代方法有效地反演出云中液态水含量及其分布.与对应的卫星红外云图对比结果表明,反演的云中液态水分布是合理和可信的.     

河南省非降水云中液态水的卫星微波反演试验研究

云中液态水分布对全球气候和局地天气变化有重要影响, 是判别人工影响天气作业潜力区的重要依据。利用TRMM卫星微波成像仪 (TMI) 85.5 GHz通道垂直极化亮温资料与NCEP再分析资料, 结合VDISORT模式采用逐步逼近方法反演了河南地区地表比辐射率; 再利用TRMM/TMI 85.5 GHz通道垂直极化亮温资料、TRMM/VIRS红外辐射资料及NCEP再分析资料, 结合VDISORT模式采用迭代的方法反演了河南地区云中液态水的垂直积分总含量。与红外卫星云图、TRMM卫星2A12产品及NCEP资料对比分析表明:该研究提出的反演陆地上空非降水云中液态水方法是可行的, 且对云中液态水垂直积分总含量水平分布的反演结果较对比产品结果更好。     

寿县地区云中液态水含量的微波遥感

该文利用地基双频（22.235GHz（1.35cm）和35.3GHz（8mm））微波辐射计和热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪（TRMM/TMI）两种被动微波遥感资料分别反演安徽寿县地区云中液态水含量，运用统计回归方法得到该地区云水含量的反演公式，揭示了该地区云中液态水含量存在一个阈值0.4mm，当云中液态水含量超过这一阈值时，该地区一般就会出现降水。在降水发生之前，水汽和云中液态水含量均会出现一个显著增加的过程，而在降水结束之后则会出现一个显著减少的过程。     

黄河上游地区秋季云中液态水含量的微波遥感

本利用布设在黄河上游增雨基地的地基双频段(31．65GHz和23．87GHz)微波辐射计遥感资料反演了黄河上游地区秋季云中液态水含量，计算分析得到该地区的云中液态水含量的反演公式，并揭示了该地区降水前后云中液态水含量的变化情况。     

毫米波雷达反演层状云液态水路径研究

为了从毫米波雷达观测数据准确反演云中液态水路径,利用中国区域飞机探测资料得到的云粒子谱参数,基于2008年寿县ARM-AMF地基毫米波云雷达观测,针对层状云采用不同的云粒子谱参数假定,由物理迭代法和经验关系法反演云中液态水路径,并与地基微波辐射计的云水产品进行对比,开展了基于地基毫米波雷达的层状云液态水路径反演算法的对比分析。结果表明,反演结果与谱参数的选取以及云的特征密切相关,但物理迭代法总体上优于传统的经验关系法且前者对谱参数假定的依赖性相对较弱;基于中国区域的飞机探测资料得到的谱参数能够得到更优的反演结果;云中可能存在的大粒子是云雷达液态水路径反演高估的可能原因之一。最后,提出了基于云特征的谱参数选择方案,显著改进了云中液态水路径的反演结果。     

先进技术微波探测仪(ATMS)云液态水路径算法评估

云液态水路径是气候和天气系统分析的重要参数,可以从卫星观测资料反演获得.目前,基于卫星微波探测仪器观测资料的云水算法可由23.8和31.4 GHz两个通道产生.本研究使用先进技术微波探测仪(ATMS)观测数据,对物理和经验两种算法反演出的云液态水路径进行验证评估.结果表明,经验算法和物理算法都可以描述云液态水在全球洋面...     

被动式微波遥感技术发展及其对汽/液态水物理参数反演的研究进展

大气遥感是1960年代以来发展最为迅速的学科分支之一,也是大气科学发展的关键技术支柱之一;其中,被动式微波遥感具有体积及功耗小,能进行全天候连续观测等优点,为获取大气、海洋、陆面等多领域观测信号提供了直接和有利手段。由于水汽、液态水是影响天气气候变化的重要要素,对其的探测技术在当前气象业务中显得尤为重要。简单回顾了被动式微波遥感的主要进展,重点介绍微波辐射计对水汽、云液态水、降水等物理量进行反演时所采用的统计方法、物理方法、物理统计方法等方法研究方面的国内外进展,并对微波辐射计的未来发展前景作了简单介绍。     

地面微波辐射计与测定区域性降水的初步试验

一、前言 被动式大气微波遥感探测是近十年来发展起来的一门崭新的遥感技术。自1968年以来,卫星运载的微波辐射计在遥感大气温度、云中含水量、降水强度及水汽密度等方面都取得了显著的成绩。与此同时,地面微波遥感探测也获得相应的发展,不仅类似空间遥感可以实现温度、水汽的反演,而且还将大大发挥微波探测雨云的特长,能有效地测得云中含水量、云中温度、以及降水强度等参数,这对云雾物理、人工影响天气的发展必将起到积极的作用。     

卫星微波大气遥感温湿廓线及应用进展

简要回顾了星载微波探测仪对大气温湿廓线遥感应用技术进展,对统计回归反演方法、一维变分反演方法以及最新的场景自适应反演方法的发展进行了介绍.最后通过介绍新型微波探测仪搭载平台,对可能的新反演产品和技术进行展望.     

测量云液水柱含量的一个设想

云液态水柱含量是一个重要的气象学和云雾物理参数.对于云液水柱含量测量已发展了多种技术,但由于云在时空上变化很大,目前地基、飞机以及卫星测量的全部资料,都不能满足数值天气预报、人工增雨及气候变化研究等方面的工作需要.作者提出一种测云水的新方法,即从卫星-地面的微波衰减来确定云水(斜)柱量,并研究了此方法中的测量通道选择及测量方式问题,进行了初步的误差分析研究.结果表明,此方法在现有技术条件下可行,云水的测量精度不难达到20%～30%的水平.与卫星被动微波遥感结合起来,可获得精度更高的云水全球分布资料.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER

A retrieval method of microwave(MW)space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid watercontent by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen torepresent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows ourpreviously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that inspace-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much betterthan by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improvedwhen using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER*

A retrieval method of microwave(MW) space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen to represent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows our previously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that in space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much better than by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improved when using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method.     

Analysis of ice water path retrieval errors over tropical ocean

Retrieval of multi-layered cloud properties, especially ice water path (IWP), is one of the most perplexing problems in satellite cloud remote sensing. This paper develops a method for improving the IWP retrievals for ice-over-water overlapped cloud systems using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) data. A combined microwave, visible and infrared algorithm is used to identify overlapped clouds and estimate IWP separately from liquid water path. The retrieval error of IWP is then evaluated by comparing the IWP to that retrieved from single-layer ice clouds surrounding the observed overlapping systems. The major IWP retrieval errors of overlapped clouds are primarily controlled by the errors in estimating the visible optical depth. Optical depths are overestimated by about 10–40% due to the influence of the underlying cloud. For the ice-over-warm-water cloud systems (cloud water temperature Tw > 273 K), the globally averaged IWP retrieval error is about 10%. This cloud type accounts for about 15% of all high-cloud overlapping cases. Ice-over-super-cooled water clouds are the predominant overlapped cloud system, accounting for 55% of the cases. Their global averaged error is 17.2%. The largest IWP retrieval error results when ice clouds occur over extremely super-cooled water clouds (Tw 6 255 K). Overall, roughly 33% of the VIRS IWP retrievals are overestimated due to the effects of the liquid water clouds beneath the cirrus clouds. To improve the accuracy of the IWP retrievals, correction models are developed and applied to all three types of overlapped clouds. The preliminary results indicate that the correction models reduce part of the retrieval error.     

大气遥感研究展望

对大气遥感研究发展方向作了展望,重点论述了如下几个方面:1)未来大气遥感研究若干特点;2)主被动式相结合的卫星大气遥感;3)大气遥感技术与应用集成;4)大气和地表物理参数的综合遥感;5)气溶胶与云光学特性遥感;6)微量气体时空分布遥感;7)地基大气遥感及走向综合集成.     

Cloud Base Height and Effective Cloud Emissivity Retrieval with Ground-Based Infrared Interferometer

Based on ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observations in Shouxian, Anhui province, China, the authors retrieve the cloud base height (CBH) and effective cloud emissivity by using the minimum root-mean-square difference method. This method was originally developed for satellite remote sensing. The high-temporal-resolution retrieval results can depict the trivial variations of the zenith clouds continu-ously. The retrieval results are evaluated by comparing them with observations by the cloud radar. The comparison shows that the retrieval bias is smaller for the middle and low cloud, especially for the opaque cloud. When two layers of clouds exist, the retrieval results reflect the weighting radiative contribution of the multi-layer cloud. The retrieval accuracy is affected by uncertainties of the AERI radiances and sounding profiles, in which the role of uncertainty in the temperature profile is dominant.     

MODIS数据云相态反演在一次暴雪过程中的应用

该文选取新疆阿克苏地区2006年11月22—24日的EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料,同时选取相关气象站的观测资料,应用三光谱云相态反演法,对阿克苏地区暴雪云团的变化过程进行了研究,通过三光谱亮温差点聚图对云相态变化的分析,清晰地展示出该天气系统的发生、发展到最终暴雪形成过程中的物理机制。反演结果与实际气象观测情况相一致;表明三光谱云相态反演法在理论和实际应用方面具有一定优势。