2007年黑龙江省干旱评估分析

1干旱概况本文选择黑河、嫩江、讷河、龙江、海伦、萝北、富锦、绥化、铁力、佳木斯、依兰、桦南、集贤、宝清、哈尔滨、肇源、双城、勃利、密山、五常、穆棱等21个有代表性的市县,这些市县分布在黑龙江省西部、中部、东部,基本可以反映出全     

广西气象学会第八届理事会及学科(工作)委员会主任委员名单

1、名誉理事长 :林少雄2、名誉副理事长 :吴兴国3、理事 (按姓氏笔划为序 ,42人 ) :　　韦力行、韦革宁、王岑生、王治安、方辉雄、卢　笙、卢峰本、朱　胜、孙　涵、刘任业、何　飞、何洁琳、苏用能、李永键、李家文、李耀先、余志峰、张明军、张炳汉、陈博杰、金　龙、林　桦、赵　红、赵　博、易燕明、饶文伟、钟思强、钟　键、唐少华、秦　成、姚　宏、符　合、梁仲相、黄运丰、黄海平、黄海洪、粟华林、腾然伟、廖桂奇、谭凌志、黎惠金、薛荣康。4、常务理事 (按姓氏笔划为序 ,2 2人 ) :　　韦力行、王治安、卢　笙、刘任业、孙　涵、…     

2011年春季全国干旱状况及其影响与成因

2011年春季(3～5月),我国内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、云南、四川、贵州、甘肃、陕西、宁夏、江苏、安徽、山东、河南、江西、湖南、湖北、广东以及西藏等省区存在不同程度的旱情,旱区农业、人畜饮水、江河及湖泊水位、渔业生产、水运等受到不同程度的影响.大气环流异常仍是导致各地干旱少雨的主要原因.     

1986年全区气象业务及管理高质量获奖单位和个人

一、集体: 。1.天气预报: 河池、玉林地区气象局预报科、区海洋气象台预报科、区气象台、容县、罗城、东兰、富川、风山、南丹、巴马、宁明、那坡、佳平、宜山、扶绥县气象局。2.气象服务 一·等奖 柳州地区气象局服务科、区气象学校、平乐、融安、隆林、宾阳、龙州、豢左、凭祥、扶绥、桂平、大新县气象局。 二等奖 玉林、南宁地区气象局服务科、鹿寨、环江、宁明县气象局 3.业务管理 河池、玉林地区气象局业务科为三等先进。 二、个人: 1.地面测报 一等奖:黄素珍、张琼雯、翟开富、吴泽聪、黄超君,潘喜珊、黄美风、付创财、周纯点、莫富强…     

《四川气象》欢迎您的来稿

1　《四川气象》欢迎下列来稿1 1　科技论文和其他科技稿件 :天气、气候、农业气象、大气探测、卫星遥感、气象通信、人工影响天气、计算机应用、气象仪器、气象与各业、国内外气象动态、气象译文、气象科技服务、气象业务现代化建设等方面的研究成果、论文、综述、气象业务总结报告等。1 2　其他稿件 :气象服务、工作讨论、气象科普、消息通讯、国外见闻、气象百花园欢迎您的散文、小说、小幽默、诗歌等作品 ;同时诚盼气象部门的新闻图片、气象风光照片等。2　科技论文类稿件注意事项2 1　稿件应具有科学性、创新性、先进性、实用性、逻辑…     

《四川气象》欢迎您的来稿

1　《四川气象》欢迎下列来稿1 1　科技论文和其他科技稿件 :天气、气候、农业气象、大气探测、卫星遥感、气象通信、人工影响天气、计算机应用、气象仪器、气象与各业、国内外气象动态、气象译文、气象科技服务、气象业务现代化建设等方面的研究成果、论文、综述、气象业务总结报告等。1 2　其他稿件 :气象服务、工作讨论、气象科普、消息通讯、国外见闻、气象百花园欢迎您的散文、小说、小幽默、诗歌等作品 ;同时诚盼气象部门的新闻图片、气象风光照片等。2　科技论文类稿件注意事项2 1　稿件应具有科学性、创新性、先进性、实用性、逻辑…     

连翘高产栽培技术

连翘为木犀科植物,味苦、性微寒,有清热解毒、消肿散结等功效。用于痈疽、瘰疬、乳痈、丹毒、风热感冒、温病初起、温热入营、高热烦渴、神昏发斑、热淋尿闭等症。具有抗菌、抗炎、解热、镇吐、利尿、强心、抗肝损、镇痛、抗内毒素、抗病毒、降血压等作用。也可用于食品天然防腐剂或化妆品,是重要的油料作物、观赏植物和水土保持植物。市场前景看好,种植效益可观。连翘主要分布于河南、山西、陕西、湖北、河北等地。以野生为主,也有大规模人工栽培。陕西主产于黄龙、洛南、商南、柞水、丹风、韩城、华阴、华县等县。1连翘栽培适宜生态气候条…     

欢迎订阅《四川气象》

1《四川气象》欢迎下列来稿1·1科技论文和其他科技稿件:天气、气候、农业气象、大气探测、卫星遥感、气象通信、人工影响天气、计算机应用、气象仪器、气象与各业、国内外气象动态、气象译文、气象科技服务、气象业务现代化建设等方面的研究成果、论文、综述、气象业务总结报告等。1·2其他稿件:气象服务、工作讨论、气象科普、消息通讯、国外见闻、气象百花园欢迎您的散文、小说、小幽默、诗歌等作品;同时诚盼气象部门的新闻图片、气象风光照片等。2科技论文类稿件注意事项2·1稿件应具有科学性、创新性、先进性、实用性、逻辑性、可读性…     

全国平均气温高部分地区持续旱

3月,全国平均气温为6.1℃,较常年同期(3.2℃)偏高2.9℃,为1951年以来最高值.内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、江西、湖北、湖南、重庆、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、新疆等11个省(区、市)平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值,北京、天津、河北、山西、辽宁、安徽、山东、河南等8个省(市)为次高值.     

《四川气象》欢迎您的来稿

1　《四川气象》欢迎下列来稿1 1　科技论文和其他科技稿件 :天气、气候、农业气象、大气探测、卫星遥感、气象通信、人工影响天气、计算机应用、气象仪器、气象与各业、国内外气象动态、气象译文、气象科技服务、气象业务现代化建设等方面的研究成果、论文、综述、气象业务总结报告等。1 2　其他稿件 :气象服务、工作讨论、气象科普、消息通讯、国外见闻、气象百花园欢迎您的散文、小说、小幽默、诗歌等作品 ;同时诚盼气象部门的新闻图片、气象风光照片等。2　科技论文类稿件注意事项2 1　稿件应具有科学性、创新性、先进性、实用性、逻辑…     

黑潮SSTA与赤道太平洋风场及ENSO关系初探

利用NCEP/NCAR的1950—1998年海表温度场和1958—1997年海表风场再分析资料,采用相关、合成等分析方法,研究了黑潮区域SSTA(sea surface temperature anomaly)与太平洋风场的关系。结果表明:从SSTA滞后风场3月起,与其关系密切的经向风关键区位于赤道西太平洋(140~160°E,5°S~5°N),纬向风关键区位于赤道中太平洋(160°E~150°W,5°S~5°N),两者对SSTA的影响均可持续6月左右;纬向风关键区的强度和范围均大于经向风。进一步研究表明,黑潮SS-TA与ENSO事件有着密切的联系:E l N ino(La N ina)事件当年11月—次年12月期间黑潮海温多为正(负)异常。     

Predictability as a function of scale

Abstract

The forecast skill of the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) operational global forecast/analysis system is assessed as a function of scale for the traditional forecast variable of 500‐hPa geopotential height using results from January 2002. These results are compared to an earlier analysis of forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) which indicated unexpectedly enhanced skill at high wavenumbers (small scales) especially in the mean forecast component identified with local topographical structures. The global rms error for the CMC forecasts is dominated by the transient component compared to the mean and continues to grow with time during the six days of the forecast. Geographically the transient error grows most rapidly in middle and high latitude regions of large natural variability. The relative error behaves differently and grows most rapidly initially in tropical regions and is inferred to exhibit both climatological and flow‐dependent error growth.

In terms of spherical harmonic two‐dimensional wavenumber n, low wavenumber (large scale) 500‐hPa geopotential height structures are dominated by the mean component but beyond wavenumber 10 to 15 the transient component dominates and exhibits an approximately n–5 spectral slope consistent with a quasi‐two dimensional turbulence enstrophy cascading subrange. Error grows slowly for the large scales dominated by mean climatological structures but these are not of interest for daily weather forecasting. Transient error grows rapidly at small scales and penetrates toward larger scales with time in keeping with the expected predictability behaviour. An expression of the form f(n, τ) = 1 – e–^τ/^τp(n) is fitted to the growth of relative error as a function of wavenumber and forecast range and gives a scale dependent predictability timescale for the transient component that varies as τ_p ? n^?3/2, although the generality of the relationship is not known.

The mean component at intermediate/high wavenumbers exhibits an apparent region of enhanced skill in the CMC system apparently connected to the topography. The result supports the possibility that some small‐scale mean flow structures, although containing only a minor amount of variance, are maintained in the face of errors in other scales. The results do not support the level of enhanced skill found in an earlier analysis of ECMWF results suggesting them to be an artefact of the analysis/forecast system in use at the time.     

贵阳市供电量与气象要素的关系及其预测

通过对2000—2003年贵阳市供电量与温度、相对湿度、降水、风速、体感温度、日照时数等气象因子的相关分析研究，发现电量与气象因子的变化有明显的季节性差异，其中温度对供电量的影响最直接，湿度、降水、日照等因子的影响是间接性的，而平均风速对供电量无显著影响。     

中国沙尘暴时空变化特征及日本、韩国黄沙的源地研究

利用1961～2000年中国681个站的气象实测资料,分析了近40年我国沙尘暴月际时空分布特征.结果表明,中国沙尘暴主要发生区域在青藏高原和北方干旱半干旱地区.12～3月,沙尘暴发生中心集中在青藏高原上,并随时间推移中心向北推移;4～6月在北方的干旱半干旱地区,其中4月是中国沙尘暴发生范围最大的月份;对比中国沙尘暴和日韩黄沙天气的月际分布,推测日韩两国冬季的黄沙大部分应该来源于青藏高原,春季青藏高原也有一定的贡献.由于沙尘暴发生在相差悬殊的不同海拔高度上,特别是在春季,扬起的沙尘在低层随涡旋系统而高层随行星西风向下游传输,可能是日韩观测到沙尘多层结构的重要原因之一.     

气象条件对稻米品质的影响及控制技术

气象条件对水稻的品质和产量有着决定性的影响，通过对稻田水稻各生育期小气候的调节，可以达到优质高产的目的。     

Propeller anemometers as sensors of atmospheric turbulence

Even though propeller anemometers are found to give outputs which deviate from the desired cosine relationship by an amount which varies with wind speed, their overall performance is consistent with many atmospheric requirements. Their output per unit wind speed is a function of angle of attack, such that when used as sensors of the vertical or horizontal cross-wind components in the atmosphere, calibration factors may differ by as much as 30 % from those obtained in a normal wind-tunnel calibration procedure (in which wind velocity is parallel to the anemometer shaft). These characteristics are sufficiently important that great care should be taken in using these devices inu-v-w orthogonal arrays.For use in eddy-correlation equipment, it appears that it is best to vane-mount the horizontal sensor to ensure that the appropriate calibration factor is employed.The response lengths of propeller anemometers also vary with angle of attack. Near=0 °, the axially-referred response length appears to depend linearly on cos, but near=90 ° a dependence on cos^1/2 fits the data. No strong effect of wind speed is found.Due to their limited response characteristics, these anemometers give rise to underestimates of the Reynolds stress measured near the surface. The extent of the loss is about 8 % when anemometers in good condition are employed at a height of 5m. Operation at a greater height would allow this error to be reduced. After exposure in the atmosphere for some time, the anemometers tend to respond more slowly and greater losses (of the order 25 %) can occur. Some improvement in performance is possible by the choice of a suitable spatial separation of the sensors.     

Distribution of emissions allowances as an opportunity

Much of the debate on climate policy in the USA focuses on the gain or loss to the macroeconomy of alternative policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the economy is made up of multiple individuals, not a single representative agent. This article reports the results of alternative ways of distributing emissions allocations across citizens. Macroeconomic effects interact with the policy for distribution, but the distributional weights are more important for the welfare of individual agents than the economy-wide effects of the emissions reductions. Egalitarian distributions of the emissions allowances have the potential to increase the welfare of most people, even if significant emissions reductions are mandated. Focusing on the distribution of emissions allowances (or the revenues generated from an emissions tax) rather than on aggregate GDP may provide guidance in identifying and implementing politically viable solutions to the climate change mitigation problem.     

磁盘分区连接为文件夹使用

本文介绍了一种基于Windows2000/XP系统下的磁盘分区连接为另一NTFS文件类型的磁盘分区下的文件夹的使用方法,详细介绍了该方法的操作步骤和实用功能.为计算机应用人员灵活应用、操作、管理计算机资源提供了一个行之有效的技巧.     

Abrupt changes as indicators of decadal climate variability

 A statistical test has revealed that abrupt regional climate changes are produced in a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. Abrupt changes are detected over much of the globe although the occurrence frequency is small over the continents. Over the tropical Pacific Ocean and northern Pacific Ocean, surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level pressure (SLP) shift rapidly on decadal time scales. The regional climate changes presented here have been classified into three types. The first type consists of statistically significant shifts in SLP and statistically significant shifts in SAT which are of opposite sign, and which are reinforced through a positive feedback between the atmosphere and the ocean. The second type is for those occurrences where changes are of the same sign. The third type includes those with a significant shift in only one meteorological element. The second and third types are generally generated by changes in air pressure and wind fields induced by changes of the first type. For example, when SLP increases and sea surface temperature (SST) decreases abruptly in the tropical Pacific Ocean, it triggers abrupt regional changes in middle and high latitudes. The abrupt changes in the model climate have characteristics which are very similar to those of observed rapid shifts. Thus, it is concluded that abrupt changes are a predominant part of regional climate change on decadal time scales. Received: 11 February 1999 / Accepted: 18 May 2000     

Precipitable water as a predictor of LCL height

Based on the precipitable water observations easily available from in situ and remote sensing sensors, a simple approach to define the lifting condensation level (LCL) is proposed in this study. High-resolution radiosonde and microwave radiometer observations over peninsular Indian region during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment Integrated Ground Observational Campaign (CAIPEEX-IGOC) during the monsoon season of 2011 are used to illustrate the unique relationship. The inferences illustrate a linear relationship between the precipitable water (PW) and the LCL temperature. This relationship is especially valuable because PW is easily available as a derived parameter from various remote sensing and ground-based observations. Thus, it could be used to estimate the LCL height and perhaps also the boundary layer height. LCL height and PW correlations are established from historical radiosonde data (1984–2012). This finding could be used to illustrate the boundary layer-cloud interactions during the monsoon and is important for parameterization of boundary layer clouds in numerical models. The relationships are illustrated to be robust and seem promising to get reasonable estimates of the LCL height over other locations as well using satellite observations of PW.