冲绳海槽晚第四纪沉积硅藻及其古海洋学意义

本文描述了冲绳海槽辫中KL22＋KL18岩芯的硅藻丰度、优势硅藻种的相对含量、微型硅藻的种类和丰度、热带远洋种的丰度的分布特征,讨论了该岩芯的地层年低、古黑潮流等问题。结果表明晚更新世以黑湖主干未流过研究区;岩芯中硅藻丰度和热带远洋种丰度的突然增加系新仙女木（YD）、海因里奇（H1）等古气候变冷事件留下的记录。     

长城湾和南阿德雷湾表层沉积物硅藻组合特征及其环境意义

长城湾与南阿德雷湾表层沉积物中17个样品的硅藻分析表明,本区以底栖硅藻为优势。硅藻总量分布趋势以长城湾内和阿德雷湾最丰富,湾口含量较低。通过对常见种的生态分析和硅藻含量分布的研究,划分出三个硅藻组合区:①长城湾内组合区;②长城湾口组合区;③南阿德雷湾组合区。本文还对淡水硅藻的来源,氧化还原环境及水深、水温、盐度对硅藻数量与属种的影响,进行了初步讨论。     

南海西北部表层沉积硅藻的分布特征与环境分析

基于南海西北部表层沉积物中的硅藻分析,阐明表层沉积硅藻的分布特征,探讨硅藻与环境的对应关系及指示意义。结果表明,研究区内硅藻以热带—亚热带种和近岸种为主;硅藻丰度差异显著,近岸浅水区丰度相对较低,陆坡、河口和上升流区丰度整体较高;硅藻组合类型复杂。硅藻分布面貌受区域的温度、盐度、营养盐、水深、海流、底质类型等因素的控制较为明显。硅藻组合对海流和水团的影响范围具有指示意义。     

南海深海盆地硅藻组合的发现及其地质意义

南海深海盆地硅藻以热带、亚热带远洋性种类为主,伴有少量近岸种和北方种,依据柱状剖面硅藻种类百分含量的变化,自上而下划分出六个硅藻带,奇数带基本上为热带-南亚热带硅藻植物群,而偶数带则为亚热带硅藻植物群,反映了该区古温度及古地理条件变化,其中Ⅰ带相当于全新世,其余各带均属更新世.     

冲绳海槽晚第四纪硅藻生物地层划分与对比

本文对冲绳海槽中段B孔岩芯中的沉积硅藻进行了分析。共鉴定出52属166种和变种．根据硅藻属种组成、热带远洋种的相对含量以及整个硅藻植物群的变化特征共划分出9个组合带，并对它们的特征进行了描述；结合^14C测年数据。对该岩芯的地层年代归属进行了确定，全新世与晚更新世的界线位于该孔125cm处．上部地层为全新统，下部地层为上更新统；同时与邻近DGKS9603钻孔的硅藻生物地层进行了对比．     

复州湾表层沉积硅藻的组合特征

通过对复州湾内湾附近8个不同深度的海底表层沉积物做硅藻分析、种群优势度进行计算,查明复州湾表层沉积硅藻的优势种主要包括Paralia sulcata、Coscinodiscus radiatus、C.excentrcus和Rhaphoneis surirella等9种.且优势度最高的3种硅藻P.sulcata、C.radiatus和C.excentrcus均为内湾指标种,与样品采集点的地貌位置相吻合.根据硅藻咸水种、半咸水种、淡水种占比的水平分布特征,对不同样品的硅藻组合、所处地貌位置与样品粒度的关系以及硅藻鉴定结果的聚类分析等进行了探讨.初步判明复州湾表层硅藻的组合主要受到夏季辽东湾向西南方向流动的沿岸流以及复州河与红沿河的河流的影响,另外不同的地貌部位和距离河口的远近也对硅藻组合产生较为明显的影响.     

南海北部陆坡SH1B孔MIS 6期以来古生产力和古环境变化的硅藻记录

通过对神狐海域SH1B孔硅藻丰度和生态类群组成的研究,探讨了该海域MIS 6期以来古生产力及古环境变化特征。硅藻丰度变化表明MIS 6期以来古生产力具有显著的冰期高-间冰期低旋回特征。末次冰期(MIS2-4)和MIS 6时低海平面导致河流剥蚀作用增强,并可能存在季风驱动的上升流,使得营养物质输入增加引发高生产力。MIS 5和MIS 1期硅藻丰度低,与高海平面时期河流输入的营养物质相对减少,对表层生产力的影响减弱有关。MIS 6期热带远洋种含量偏高,反映硅藻分布主要受盐度控制。MIS 5期半咸水沿岸种含量增加,可能是由降雨量增加引起。     

《南海及沿岸地区第四纪孢粉藻类与环境分析》一书简介

南海是我国目前海上石油勘探与开发的重要海区,而海区及沿岸第四纪沉积研究,是海上石油开发的工程地质重要背景资料.我国南海海区第四纪孢粉藻类研究较差.本书系统研究了南海中北部及沿岸地区第四纪硅藻、孢粉组合,并借助计算机运算,应用因子分析、系统聚类、模糊聚类、对应分析等数理统计方法划带,恢复其硅藻植物群、孢粉植物群,探讨其演替和古气候、古环境变化,确定地层时代,进行地层划分与对比.本书系统研究了南海陆架和中部深海盆地表层沉积的硅藻、孢粉分布规律、组合特征及分区;探讨了孢粉组合、硅藻植物群的特点与环境的关系;南海北部陆缘热带、南亚热带第四纪植被带移动与古气候变化幅度;对结节圆筛藻壳体大小与古环境的相关性     

台湾海峡西部海域表层沉积物中硅藻和硅鞭毛藻的分布

本文根据61个站位资料分析,首次报道了该区硅藻和硅鞭毛藻的数量与优势种分布、4个组合分区,并探讨了硅藻的丰度与环境因子的关系。     

中国近海表层沉积硅藻

本文分析了中国近海表层沉积物129个硅藻样品.根据样品中硅藻优势种、特征种的数量变化,把中国近海表层沉积硅藻划分为若干反映不同沉积环境的硅藻组合,并讨论了硅藻组合与深度、温度、盐度和海流等海洋主要环境因素之间的关系.     

Surficial Sedimentary Diatoms in Okinawa Trough and Its Response to Kuroshio Current

This paper describes the relative contents of dominant diatom species and the distributive characteristics of tropical pelagic species and diatom assemblages, and also discusses the relations between the relative content of tropical pelagic species and Kuroshio Current and between the distribution of diatom assemblages and material sources. The results show that the limit of＞20% relative content of tropical pelagic species is basically consistent with the demarcation of Kuroshio Current, and that the distributions of dominant diatom species and diatom assemblages reserve the records of their closer relations to material sources.     

我国东南近岸海域表层沉积硅藻组合

对采自我国东南近岸海域18个站位78个表层沉积样品进行了硅藻鉴定分析,根据硅藻优势种和次优势种的分布特征,划分出3个组合和两个亚组合,其较好地对应分布于南海、台湾海峡和东海等3个近岸海域。统计数据表明,近岸海域表层沉积硅藻的分布受大陆入海径流的影响微乎其微,随着水深的增加,我国东南近岸海域海洋初级生产力减小,底栖种、潮间带种减少而浮游种增加;组合Ⅰ的分布表明南海东北部海域明显受黑潮流等外洋水团的影响,可应用组合Ⅱ1和组合Ⅱ2中优势种和特征种硅藻来指示水深,两亚组合面貌的差异是对冬夏两季海峡两侧受不同性质海流控制的响应;组合Ⅲ受沿岸流控制比较明显,而遭受黑潮等外洋水团的影响很弱。     

Winter Distribution of Diatom Assemblages in the East China Sea

We examined the spatial distributional relationships between diatom assemblages and water types during the winter in the East China Sea. Principal component analysis was used to identify two water types and two diatom assemblages in the study area. Coastal water types along the mainland China coastline had low temperature and salinity levels, but high nitrate levels. The shelf-mixing water type in the rest of the study area had higher temperatures and salinities and lower levels of nitrate. Diatom assemblage distribution was not spatially consistent with water type. The Kuroshio assemblage had a large standing stock, distributed along the surface of the shelf break. This assemblage is likely the result of Kuroshio surface water coming into contact with nutrient-rich water in the shelf area, triggering proliferation of certain diatom species. A background assemblage with low standing stock level persisted over the entire study area in both coastal water and the shelf-mixing water types. Our results support previous research: the background assemblage is due to poor growth conditions such as the convection of water during winter; there were no significant seasonal variations in the species composition.     

Analysis on the indicator species and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea

Ecological adaptation and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods were examined in the East China Sea （23°30′-33°00′N, 118°30′ -128°00′E）, in relation to temperature and salinity. The data were collected in four surveys conducted from 1997 to 2000. The density, yield density, or negative exponent models were used to determine the optimal temperature and salinity of water for the thriving growth of pelagic ostracods. Thereafter, ecological groups and potential distribution patterns of pelagic ostracods were determined based on the predicted parameters such as optimal temperature and salinity, consulting the geographic distribution. The analytical results indicate that, among the numerical dominant pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea （ECS）, Euconchoecia aculeata, E. elongata, E. chierchiae, E. maimai, and Cypridina dentata, etc. are offshore subtropical water species. These species are widely distributed in the area, and they can be brought by the warm current to north offshore during spring and winter. The predicated optimal temperature （OT） and optimal salinity （OS） for Paraconchoecia decipiens, P. echinata, P. spini- fera, P. oblonga, Conchoecia magna and Porroeciaporrecta are all greater than 25℃ and 34 separately. These species are mainly distributed in the waters of the Kuroshio, the Taiwan Warm Current, and the Taiwan Strait, and therefore are designated as ocean- ic tropical water species. On the other hand, Pseudoconchoecia concerttrica is considered as offshore subtropical water species based on its geographical distribution although its OT is 19℃. The other species, though their OSs are approximately 34 and with OTs ranging from 20° to 25℃, are considered as offshore subtropical water species because they were found to be widely distributed from the South China Sea to the East China Sea.     

黑潮及相邻海域表层砂壳纤毛虫分布模式:以夏季黄海、东海至西太平洋断面为例

2019年夏季对沿黄、东海至西太平洋跨越黑潮一个断面(122°E～145°E)的表层砂壳纤毛虫群落进行调查,研究了黑潮中砂壳纤毛虫与相邻水体的差异.根据水文环境及各站位所处的空间位置,我们将研究区域划分为大洋边缘区域、黑潮区域和大洋区域.各站位砂壳纤毛虫的丰度范围为3.95～31.94 ind·L–1,种丰富度范围为6...     

Contribution of benthic and epiphytic diatoms to clam and oyster production in the Akkeshi-ko estuary

The species composition and dynamics of phytoplankton in the water column and its contribution to clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, and oyster, Crassostrea gigas, production were studied in the Akkeshi-ko estuary, eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. A total 128 taxa of diatoms were identified, with 103 and 102 species occurring on the surface sediments and in the water column, respectively. Amphora sp., Bacillaria paradoxa var paxilifer, Cocconeis scutellum, Navicula sp., Nitzschia sigma, Paralia sulcata, Rhoicosphenia curvata, Synedra ulna and Thalassiosira sp. were most common and dominant in all stations in both water column and surface sediment. Benthic diatoms were most dominant in both water column and surface sediment. The species composition of epiphytes was, in part, similar to diatom assemblage of the water column and also to that of the surface sediment. The benthic and pelagic ratio in the diatom assemblage of the water column was very high. Benthic diatoms were able to resuspend into water column by turbulence stimulated by wind. Chlorophyll a concentration in the water column increased as wind speed increased. Seventy and 67% of the gut contents oysters consisted of benthic diatoms in 2003 and 2004 and also 78 and 87% of clams in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The availability of benthic and epiphytic diatom assemblages contributes significantly to food resources for clam and oyster mariculture due to resuspension by disturbance in the Akkeshi-ko estuary.     

Contrast in life histories of exploited fishes and ecosystem structures in coastal waters off west Canada and east Korea

By reviewing the history of fishery exploitation in the coastal waters of west Canada and east Korea, related with contrasting life history strategies of the dominant species, the fishery management challenges that each country would face in the upcoming decades were outlined. In the ecosystem of the Canadian western coastal waters, the dominant oceanographic feature is the coastal upwelling domain off the west coast of Vancouver Island, the northernmost extent of the California Current System in the eastern North Pacific. In the marine ecosystem of the eastern coasts of Korea (the Japan/East Sea), a major oceanographic feature is the Tsushima Warm Current, a branch of the Kuroshio Current in the western North Pacific. Fishes in the Canadian ecosystem are dominated by demersal, long-lived species such as flatfish, rockfish, sablefish, and halibut. During summer, migratory pelagic species such as Pacific hake, Pacific salmon, and recently Pacific sardine, move into this area to feed. In the late 1970s, Canada declared jurisdiction for 200 miles from their coastline, and major fisheries species in Canadian waters have been managed with a quota system. The overall fishing intensity off the west coast of Vancouver Island has been relatively moderate compared to Korean waters. Fishes in the ecosystem of the eastern Korean waters are dominated by short-lived pelagic and demersal fish. Historically, Korea has shared marine resources in this area with neighbouring countries, but stock assessments and quotas have only recently (since the late-1990s) been implemented for some major species. In the Korean ecosystem, fisheries can be described as intensive, and many stocks have been rated as overfished. The two ecosystems responded differently to climate impacts such as regime shifts under different exploitation histories. In the future, both countries will face the challenge of global warming and subsequent impacts on ecosystems, necessitating developing adaptive fisheries management plans. The challenges will be contrasting for the two countries: Canada will need to conserve fish populations, while Korea will need to focus on rebuilding depleted fish populations.     

冲绳海槽西南部二万年来的深海介形虫和古环境变化

从冲绳海槽西南部255柱状样采集114个沉积物样品进行介形虫定量分析,结合有孔虫、同位素和碳酸钙含量等资料探讨东海二万年来的古环境变化历史。依据属种组成、数量、丰度及分异度,在255柱状样中识别出与全球气候变化相应的冰期、冰消期和冰后期三个介形虫组合。冰期组合以优势种Palmoconcha parapontica和Loxoconchidea aff.dolgoiensis为特征,数量丰度和分异度高,但缺乏大洋性类型,推测冰期低海面时期底层水体呈富养低氧和较封闭的状态。冰消期和冰后期以Krithe spp.和Legitimocythere acanthode4rma占优势,丰度显著减少,出现较多的大洋性类型,推测冰消期以来海面上升和岸线后退及黑潮加强致使生产力下降,深海为低营养和高流通状态。     

福建九龙江和东屿地区全新世微型硅藻的初步研究

利用透射电镜研究了九龙江口现代潮间带表层沉积物、九龙江地区中全新世剖面和东屿中-晚全新世剖面的微型硅藻(细胞大小为2～20μm)的组成和丰度.共计硅藻12属26种(包括变种).对每个种的生态分布作了描述,并提供了相应的壳面电镜照片.Thalassionema nitzschioides是九龙江口现代潮间带表层沉积物中的优势种;九龙江中全新世地层的优势种为Navicula climacospheniae,Thalassionema nitzschioides;东屿中-晚全新世地层中,Cyclotella striata,Thalassionema nitzschioides是优势种.微型硅藻在各个样品中所占比例都相对较高,最高可达86.7%,表明微型硅藻在沉积硅藻中占有重要的地位.     

Late Quaternary sediments on the outer shelf of the Korea Strait and their paleoceanographic implications

Sedimentological and micropaleontological characteristics of core sediments from the outer shelf of the Korea Strait, which connects the northern East China Sea and the East Sea (Sea of Japan), were investigated to elucidate the paleoceanographic environment, especially the timing of the Kuroshio inflow, since the last glacial maximum. The core sediments, containing continuous records of the last 15,000 years, are characterized by a relatively high mud content (more than 50%, on average) and well-developed tide-influenced sedimentary structures. Their mineralogy suggests that the material originated from the paleo-Nakdong River system, which extended across the shelf of the Korea Strait during low sea-level periods. Planktonic foraminifers reveal a series of well-defined changes in paleoceanographic conditions during the late Pleistocene–Holocene. Down-core variations in the abundance of four foraminiferal assemblages, i.e., cold, coastal, tropical–subtropical, and Kuroshio water groups comprising characteristic planktonic species, suggest the occurrence of a distinct paleoenvironmental change in the surface water at 7,000 years b.p., i.e., from 15,000 to 7,000 years b.p., the area was influenced by coastal waters whereas since ca. 7,000 years b.p., it has been under the influence of open-sea water related to the Kuroshio Current flow, associated with both higher temperature and higher salinity. In particular, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata increased markedly in abundance at this time, documenting the inflow of the Kuroshio into the study area. These data indicate that the coastal water stage terminated at ca. 7,000 years b.p. when the warm Kuroshio and its major branch, the Tsushima Current, began to flow into the East Sea, as is the case today. The intrusion of the Tsushima Current through the Korea Strait after ca. 7,000 years b.p. resulted in abrupt changes in sedimentation rates and a dramatic increase in abundance of the Kuroshio indicator species, P. obliquiloculata.