广播星历和精密星历解算GPS基线成果的比较分析

本文对长度不同的基线分别使用广播星历和精密星历进行解算,分析了两种星历对基线解算结果的影响.通过对解算结果的比较得到使用广播星历的最佳基线长度范围,结果表明,对于长度小于100km的短基线而言,广播星历能够达到与精密星历同样的效果.     

广播星历和精密星历对解算某港区GPS控制网成果影响分析

比较了广播星历和精密星历的差异,利用两种星历对某港区GPS控制网外业观测数据进行处理,分析了广播星历和精密星历对GPS网基线解算和网平差的影响。结果表明,常规短基线GPS控制网,完全可以用广播星历代替精密星历进行后处理解算,获取高精度的后处理结果。     

精密星历与广播星历下C级GPS网解算精度分析

分别在精密星历与广播星历下采用TBC 2.8数据处理软件进行C级全球定位系统（GPS）控制网基线解算,并采用GAMIT加载精密星历文件进行基线解算,在COSAGPS软件中进行环闭合差统计及平差计算．针对上述方法得出的数据进行比较,分析TBC软件采用不同星历解算对C级GPS基线解算及网平差成果的影响,研究发现TBC在两种星历下均可进行C级GPS数据解算,但在精密星历下的基线解算精度较高,在工作中可根据实际情况采取恰当的方法作业.      

不同卫星星历对GPS数据处理的影响

研究了基线解算时分别使用广播星历、快速星历和精密星历时解算结果的影响.对于长基线来讲,使用快速星历和精密星历可以有效提高解算精度,对于短基线,使用广播星历可以保证基线解算的精度.     

GPS动态精密单点定位与差分定位结果比较

首先简要介绍了精密单点定位和差分定位原理,然后重点结合精度鉴定任务中的航空动态GPS数据,用WayPoint8.5软件分别进行不同星历和钟差产品下的精密单点定位解算和差分定位解算,并比较它们之间的差别.比较结果表明,精密单点定位与差分定位解算结果差别在80 cm以内,可以利用IGU星历产品进行精密单点定位解算,以对测控设备状态进行预估.     

基于GAMIT软件利用不同星历反演PWV的研究

首先简单介绍了GAMIT软件,然后基于GAMIT利用最终精密星历和预报精密星历分别解算相同的测站数据,得到测站天顶方向的对流层总延迟,再通过SAASTAMOINEN模型计算干延迟,提取出湿延迟后,结合地面气象数据反演大气可降水量。通过比较2种星历反演结果得到,最终精密星历和预报精密星历在解算结果上精度相当,预报精密星历在实时的水汽监测中满足要求,能够为降水的预报、预警提供帮助。     

基于广播星历的GAMIT基线解算方法及精度分析

GAMIT解算过程中通常要求精密的轨道文件作为卫星位置基准,针对在实际工程应用中因精密星历公布滞后或网络等因素无法及时获取IGS精密星历产品的特殊情况,提出基于广播星历进行GAMIT基线解算的方法,并与使用IGS最终星历的解算结果进行比较分析.实验结果表明,在309 km范围内,使用广播星历的坐标分量解算结果与使用IGS最终星历相比差值优于10-8数量级,可以满足常规的工程应用需求.     

3种BDS-3精密星历PPP精度分析

针对当前BDS-3采用不同机构发布的精密星历解算得到精密定位结果,本文利用MGEX多测站数据,分析了采用GBM、SHA、WUM 3种精密星历解算得到的BDS-3系统B1I/B3I双频组合精密单点定位性能。试验结果表明,采用3种精密星历解算得到的静态精密单点定位精度相当,动态精密单点定位精度相差较大,主要受参与解算的卫星数影响,表现为GBM>SHA>WUM。本文结果可能存在一定的局限性,但能为今后解算BDS-3精密单点数据星历提供一种参考。     

预报精密星历和钟差对机载PPP的应用比较分析

目前对IGS站快速精密星历和最终精密星历研究的比较多,而对预报精密星历的研究还比较少。本文采用预报精密星历和钟差对机载GPS实测数据进行解算分析,发现其定位结果比广播星历求的导航结果精度高至少一个数量级。因为预报精密星历和钟差可以提前获得,在一些时效性较高的场合很有价值。     

两种精密星历对精密单点定位解的影响分析

精密单点定位是当今GNSS领域的研究热点,该技术能够在全球范围内快速获取高精度框架坐标,其定位结果高度依赖高精度的卫星轨道和钟差产品。将IGS精密星历与CODE精密星历应用于精密单点定位解算,对两种精密星历用于精密单点定位的解算结果进行分析,发现两者差异在毫米级,个别站可达厘米级,说明单点定位对星历框架很敏感,定位解算时应注意区分星历间的差别。     

Evaluation of CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements

The technique of Evaluating CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements iS presented. As an independent evaluation of the orbit solution, SLR data observed from January 1 to 16, 2002 are processed to compute the residuals after fixing the GFZ＇s post science orbits solutions. The SLR residuals are computed as the differences of the SLR measurements minus the corresponding distances between the SLR station and the GPS-derived orbit positions. On the basis of the SLR residuals analysis, it is found that the accuracy of GFZ＇ s post science orbits is better than 10 cm and that there is no systematic error in GFZ＇s post science orbits.     

Precise orbit determination for the GRACE mission using only GPS data

The GRACE (gravity recovery and climate experiment) satellites, launched in March 2002, are each equipped with a BlackJack GPS onboard receiver for precise orbit determination and gravity field recovery. Since launch, there have been significant improvements in the background force models used for satellite orbit determination, most notably the model for the geopotential. This has resulted in significant improvements to orbit accuracy for very low altitude satellites. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well the orbits of the GRACE satellites (about 470 km in altitude) can currently be determined using only GPS data and based on the current models and methods. The orbit accuracy is assessed using a number of tests, which include analysis of orbit fits, orbit overlaps, orbit connecting points, satellite Laser ranging residuals and K-band ranging (KBR) residuals. We show that 1-cm radial orbit accuracy for the GRACE satellites has probably been achieved. These precise GRACE orbits can be used for such purposes as improving gravity recovery from the GRACE KBR data and for atmospheric profiling, and they demonstrate the quality of the background force models being used.     

Evaluation of CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements

The technique of Evaluating CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements is presented. As an independent evaluation of the orbit solution, SLR data observed from January 1 to 16, 2002 are processed to compute the residuals after fixing the GFZ's post science orbits solutions. The SLR residuals are computed as the differences of the SLR measurements minus the corresponding distances between the SLR station and the GPS-derived orbit positions. On the basis of the SLR residuals analysis, it is found that the accuracy of GFZ' s spost science orbits is better than 10 cm and that there is no systematic error in GFZ's post science orbits.     

Impact of Earth radiation pressure on GPS position estimates

GPS satellite orbits available from the International GNSS Service (IGS) show a consistent radial bias of up to several cm and a particular pattern in the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals, which are suggested to be related to radiation pressure mismodeling. In addition, orbit-related frequencies were identified in geodetic time series such as apparent geocenter motion and station displacements derived from GPS tracking data. A potential solution to these discrepancies is the inclusion of Earth radiation pressure (visible and infrared) modeling in the orbit determination process. This is currently not yet considered by all analysis centers contributing to the IGS final orbits. The acceleration, accounting for Earth radiation and satellite models, is introduced in this paper in the computation of a global GPS network (around 200 IGS sites) adopting the analysis strategies from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). Two solutions covering 9 years (2000–2008) with and without Earth radiation pressure were computed and form the basis for this study. In previous studies, it has been shown that Earth radiation pressure has a non-negligible effect on the GPS orbits, mainly in the radial component. In this paper, the effect on the along-track and cross-track components is studied in more detail. Also in this paper, it is shown that Earth radiation pressure leads to a change in the estimates of GPS ground station positions, which is systematic over large regions of the Earth. This observed “deformation” of the Earth is towards North–South and with large scale patterns that repeat six times per GPS draconitic year (350 days), reaching a magnitude of up to 1 mm. The impact of Earth radiation pressure on the geocenter and length of day estimates was also investigated, but the effect is found to be less significant as compared to the orbits and position estimates.     

Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system

The development of the COMPASS satellite system is introduced, and the regional tracking network and data availability are described. The precise orbit determination strategy of COMPASS satellites is presented. Data of June 2012 are processed. The obtained orbits are evaluated by analysis of post-fit residuals, orbit overlap comparison and SLR (satellite laser ranging) validation. The RMS (root mean square) values of post-fit residuals for one month’s data are smaller than 2.0 cm for ionosphere-free phase measurements and 2.6 m for ionosphere-free code observations. The 48-h orbit overlap comparison shows that the RMS values of differences in the radial component are much smaller than 10 cm and those of the cross-track component are smaller than 20 cm. The SLR validation shows that the overall RMS of observed minus computed residuals is 68.5 cm for G01 and 10.8 cm for I03. The static and kinematic PPP solutions are produced to further evaluate the accuracy of COMPASS orbit and clock products. The static daily COMPASS PPP solutions achieve an accuracy of better than 1 cm in horizontal and 3 cm in vertical. The accuracy of the COMPASS kinematic PPP solutions is within 1–2 cm in the horizontal and 4–7 cm in the vertical. In addition, we find that the COMPASS kinematic solutions are generally better than the GPS ones for the selected location. Furthermore, the COMPASS/GPS combinations significantly improve the accuracy of GPS only PPP solutions. The RMS values are basically smaller than 1 cm in the horizontal components and 3–4 cm in the vertical component.     

基于星载GPS数据的Jason-3卫星简化动力学和运动学法精密定轨

利用Jason-3星载GPS观测数据,采用简化动力学方法和运动学方法对Jason-3卫星进行精密定轨研究.通过载波相位残差、重叠轨道对比、参考轨道对比和卫星激光测距(SLR)轨道检核四种方式评定轨道精度.计算相位残差均方根(RMS)值,简化动力学轨道的RMS值在0.7～0.8cm,运动学轨道的RMS值在0.50～0.5...     

Swarm系列卫星非差运动学厘米级精密定轨

采用2015年5月24日—30日的Swarm星载GPS双频观测数据,基于Melbourne-Wübbena(MW)和消电离层线性组合,在精密单点定位技术的基础上,采用批处理最小二乘估计法对不同轨道高度的Swarm系列卫星进行非差运动学精密定轨。利用星载GPS相位观测值残差、与欧空局发布的简化动力学轨道对比,以及SLR检核3种方法对Swarm系列卫星非差运动学定轨结果进行精度评估。结果表明:①Swarm系列卫星星载GPS相位观测值残差RMS为6~7 mm;②与欧空局发布的简化动力学轨道进行求差,径向、切向及法向轨道差值RMS为2~4 cm;③与欧空局发布的运动学轨道进行求差,径向、切向及法向轨道差值RMS为1~2 cm;④SLR检核结果表明Swarm-A/B/C卫星轨道精度为3~4 cm。因此,采用非差运动学定轨方法与本文提供的定轨策略进行Swarm系列卫星精密定轨是切实可行的,定轨精度为厘米级。     

GBM快速轨道产品及非差模糊度固定对其精度的改进

GNSS是实时定位导航最重要的方法,精密卫星轨道钟差产品是GNSS高精度服务的前提。国际GNSS服务中心(IGS)及其分析中心长期致力于GNSS数据处理的研究及高精度轨道和钟差产品的提供。GFZ作为分析中心之一,提供GBM多系统快速产品。本文基于2015—2021年GBM提供的精密轨道产品,阐述了数据处理策略,分析了轨道的精度,介绍了非差模糊度固定的原理和对精密定轨的影响。结果表明:GBM快速产品中的GPS轨道精度与IGS后处理精密轨道相比的精度约为11~13 mm,轨道6 h预报精度约为6 cm;GLONASS预报精度约为12 cm,Galileo在该时期的精度均值为10 cm,但是在2016年底以后精度提升到5 cm左右;北斗系统的中轨卫星(medium earth orbit,MEO)在2020年以后预报精度约为10 cm;北斗的静止轨道卫星(geostationary earth orbit,GEO)卫星和QZSS卫星的预报精度在米级;卫星激光测距检核表明,Galileo、GLONASS、BDS-3 MEO卫星轨道精度分别为23、41、47 mm;此外,采用150 d观测值的试验结果表明,采用非差模糊度固定能显著改善MEO卫星轨道精度,对GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、BDS-2和BDS-3的MEO卫星的6 h时预报精度改善率分别为9%~15%、15%~18%、11%~13%、6%~17%和14%~25%。     

Implementation and testing of the gridded Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1)

The new gridded Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1) was implemented and compared to the well-established site-dependent VMF1, directly and by using precise point positioning (PPP) with International GNSS Service (IGS) Final orbits/clocks for a 1.5-year GPS data set of 11 globally distributed IGS stations. The gridded VMF1 data can be interpolated for any location and for any time after 1994, whereas the site-dependent VMF1 data are only available at selected IGS stations and only after 2004. Both gridded and site-dependent VMF1 PPP solutions agree within 1 and 2 mm for the horizontal and vertical position components, respectively, provided that respective VMF1 hydrostatic zenith path delays (ZPD) are used for hydrostatic ZPD mapping to slant delays. The total ZPD of the gridded and site-dependent VMF1 data agree with PPP ZPD solutions with RMS of 1.5 and 1.8 cm, respectively. Such precise total ZPDs could provide useful initial a priori ZPD estimates for kinematic PPP and regional static GPS solutions. The hydrostatic ZPDs of the gridded VMF1 compare with the site-dependent VMF1 ZPDs with RMS of 0.3 cm, subject to some biases and discontinuities of up to 4 cm, which are likely due to different strategies used in the generation of the site-dependent VMF1 data. The precision of gridded hydrostatic ZPD should be sufficient for accurate a priori hydrostatic ZPD mapping in all precise GPS and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) solutions. Conversely, precise and globally distributed geodetic solutions of total ZPDs, which need to be linked to VLBI to control biases and stability, should also provide a consistent and stable reference frame for long-term and state-of-the-art numerical weather modeling.