浅层地震折射波法勘探

本文介绍浅层地震折射波法勘探的Hagiwara方法和将其应用于辽宁省海城市西荒地热水区隐伏花岗岩体分布特征的探测结果。结果表明,该项工作效率高,勘探效果好,花岗岩体的勘探深度与钻井资料极其一致。由此作者认为,在地震勘探中,折射波方法对查明工程场地沉积覆盖层的厚度和结晶基底的研究是十分有效的     

衍射波地震勘探方法

本文提出了衍射波勘探方法资料处理流程的构思框架,并给出了以复杂结构为目标所做的物性结构成像、几何结构成像及迭代开关识别等研究结果.     

GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING FOR BARITE *

A case history is presented for the exploration of barite with the electrical resistivity method. Altogether eight locations were recommended out of which six correspond to barite bodies. In the present case the gravity method, which is commonly used for the location of barite because of its high density contrast with the host rocks, has failed, perhaps due to small size of the ore bodies.     

UNITS IN GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING*

A system of geophysical units is proposed which is based on the International System of Units, using the meter, the kilogram, the second and the ampere as fundamental units. A historical introduction is given and the reasons for preferring the use of the International System of Units in exploration geophysics, are explained. At the meeting of the European Association of Exploration Geophysicists at Stockholm a resolution will be proposed recommending the use in exploration geophysics of the International System of Units.     

工程地震勘探综述

本文对工程地震勘探作为一门年轻的、独立的学科，其诞生和发展的历史进行了评述。文中对工程地震勘探涉及的研究内容。与地震勘探的关系，所取得的成果进行了论述。对应用超声地震模型技术模拟解决工程地震勘探实际问题发表了见解，并对工程地震勘探未来的发展进行了展望。     

我国地震勘探研究进展

综述了中国地球物理学会成立50年来我国地震勘探事业及其研究工作的进展．研究进展主要包括：（1）探测地质体几何结构的进展；（2）探测地质体物性结构的进展；（3）复杂结构勘探研究进展；（4）精细结构勘探研究进展；（5）岩性勘探研究进展．     

PROSPECTING BY THE GEOTHERMIG METHOD*

A high sensitivity thermometer using a thermistor sensing element was designed for practical measurements in the field. The most suitable procedures for the elimination of diurnal and seasonal variation of temperature, the influence of vegetation cover and of other effects were investigated. Positive results of geothermic measurements have been acquired on sulfide deposits. By far the most important results of geothermic measurements have been obtained in hydrogeological problems, e.g. the investigation of circulation of underground water. In the case of prospection for cold mineral waters the combination of geothermic measurements with gasometric analyses is very useful. As the classical domain for geothermic investigation, prospection for hot water is to be mentioned.     

ELECTRONIC ACCELERATION-SENSITIVE GEOPHONE FOR SEISMIC PROSPECTING***

Previously ignored characteristics of the seismic recording instrument are presently experienced as limitations as more sophisticated interpretive methods using wider frequency ranges are developed to extract stratigraphic information from seismic land data for hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. Most of these limitations arise from inadequate characteristics of the first element of the seismic instrument: the geophone. A geophone does not faithfully follow the motion of the earth for higher frequencies due to poor geophone-earth coupling. This filtering effect brings about time shifts that are dependent on the frequency and the soil type. A geophone can also produce spurious outputs, brought about by the motion of the suspended part of the geophone, with a magnitude comparable to that of the desired output. The suspension is made very compliant to obtain the required sensitivity. A compliant suspension, however, gives a large sag. The geophone can therefore only be used in one position, tolerating little tilt. A compliant suspension also widens the traveling range of the movable part. Minor sensitivity changes with travel are then noticeable as nonlinearity, since the surface wave is large with respect to the reflected wave. A compliant suspension is usually realized in the form of thin, spirally shaped spring-spiders. Such suspensions exhibit transverse or rotational resonances that are in or close to the seismic frequency band. Excited by ground roll, they can produce considerable undesirable output. The novel geophone we describe is a light-weight (17 g) acceleration-sensitive transducer which gives good ground coupling and partial correction for the increasing damping in the earth with increasing frequencies. It employs internal hybrid electronics for a magnetodynamic velocity-nulling feedback system. Velocity nulling makes the movable part of the geophone virtually rigid with respect to the housing. This makes the geophone characteristics independent of the suspension. The springs used are stiff in a transverse and rotational direction so that the suspension resonances are well outside the useful frequency band. This suspension also allows the geophone to be used in any orientation while being only sensitive to the vibration component along the main axis. The feedback system makes the sensitivity flat within 1 dB from 2 Hz to 500 Hz, with a phase tolerance smaller than 5°. The geophone is robust, has no moving internal wires, employs a current output [sensitivity 1 mA/(m s^?2)] and internal gain so that the signal-to-cable-noise ratio is improved. This type of output allows parallel connection without any interaction between the geophones.     

建立和发展岩性地震勘探法

岩性地震勘探法是相对于构造地震勘探法而言的。过去的地震勘探法只是研究地下构造,七十年代以来,逐步发展了亮点法和虚测井等研究地层岩性的方法,包括直接找油气。这些都还只是间接对比岩性的方法,从地震剖面直接提取各种弹性波参数的直接对比方法,还有待于发展。文中评述了间接对比方法的各个步骤的要点及直接对比方法的可能途径。     

微重力探测小质量物体的实践及其验证

应用美国LaCoste-Rombcrg D型重力仪可以进行微重力方法探测,在良好条件下观测精度可以达到2—3μGal.给出一个微重力探查的实例,在30m~2的室内面积上,进行30cm×30cm、50cm×50cm 的测点网的微重力测量.经常规的、与第一次给出的建筑物重力效应改正对观测重力值进行改正,得到经改正的重力场值.对于三个小幅度重力异常圈闭进行了正演模拟分析与作出解释.通过浅地震探测和挖掘验证,各小异常的解释结果与实际情况基本上相符或一致.这样,对微重力方法的探查能力给出了初步分析研究的结果.     

电法勘探的发展和展望

电法勘探在经历了近一个世纪的发展后，其方法理论、仪器设备、野外数据采集、处理和解释等方面都经历了一系列重大变化．本文以方法理论的进展为主线，回顾、展望了目前电法勘探中几个重要而令人关注的研究焦点．这些问题的研究进展将会对21世纪的电法勘探产生深远的影响．     

THE THIN-LAYER PROBLEM IN GEOELECTRICAL PROSPECTING *

For a thin highly-conducting layer with given longitudinal conductance the recurrence formulae for an n-fold horizontally stratified subsoil are established for d.c. resistivity and magnetotelluric soundings. Similarly, a thin low conductivity layer with given transverse resistance is treated in the d.c. case and a non-conducting intermediate bed in magnetotellurics. Model curves for a thin high- or low-conductivity intermediate layer in the three-layer case have been carried out, which may serve as an extension of the well-known three-layer diagrams for a Schlumberger configuration. The corresponding model curves in magnetotellurics are given. By numerical comparison of these curves with real three-layer curves some diagrams have been developed to show the allowed thicknesses of the intermediate layer in the Schlumberger case and in the case of magnetotelluric sounding.     

电场差分法理论研究

对均匀大地和二层大地的频率域电场差分法理论曲线进行的计算和研究表明,电场差分法是一种以目标地质体和围岩在电阻率和极化率方面的差异为基础,根据测量到的能明显反映激电响应与电磁耦合响应的比值随频率变化的P参数曲线在性态上的差异来圈划油气藏的一种电法勘探方法. 因为它圈划油气藏的物理基础是油气藏上方与围岩上方测量到的电磁耦合响应和激电响应的差异,所以在圈划油气藏方面,该方法与复电阻率法类似,同样具有找油气的优良性能. 此外,该方法与复电阻率法相比,具有对目标地质体和围岩的电阻率和极化率差异反映灵敏、效率高、成本低等优点,所以它是一种值得推广的找油气的电法勘探方法.     

Lp模反褶积及其在地震勘探中的应用

在文献[1,2]的基础上,本文提出一种矩阵逆迭代和增强强反射的自适应算法,方法简明,使用方便。理论模拟和实际资料处理结果说明该法是很有效的。     

工程物探中地震层析成像的研究

从实际情况出发，讨论工程中应用地震层析成像方法几个环节中的一些具体问题，包括资料采集中观测系统的装置，原始资料的分析和预处理，以及资料处理时如何选择合适的参数等。文中提出的扫描法、快速搜索法等弯曲射线校正方法克服了以往方法计算量大、存在盲区等缺点。反演实测资料效果良好。     

中国重力勘探的发展与展望

回顾了重力勘探半个世纪的发展概况，尤其是自80年代以来在技术方法上的进步对重力勘探发展的影响；概述重力勘探在区域重力调查、区域构造研究、油气勘探和固体矿产勘探等方面取得的成就；最后对重力勘探的发展方向，提出进一步发展的意见．     

我国磁法勘探的研究与进展

简要概述了我国磁法勘探50年来的研究与进展，主要包括：地面、航空与海洋磁测工作，磁力仪研制与生产，磁异常处理与转换技术，磁异常解释理论与方法，岩石磁性研究，磁法勘探在基础地质研究、固体矿产勘查、油气勘查和其他领域中的应用．     

关于一种新型横波震源（SH型）的探讨

实现横波（SH波）勘探的关键问题是震源。现有的SH波震源--扭力振动器的缺点是辐射方向性不好,能量集中在水平方向,而在垂直方向辐射的能量几乎为零,这样的震源对于反射波勘探是不利的。 本文从理论上提出用垂直力矩构成横波震源。理论推导结果（高频渐近解）表明,该震源在方位角θ=90°方向上辐射纯SH波,SH波能量辐射集中在垂直方向,而在水平方向几乎为零。显然,这样的震源对于反射波勘探十分有利。 文中还采用Cagniard-deHoop回路积分技术计算了波场的精确解及最大振幅随离源角的变化,结果与解析解一致.     

我国海底大地电磁探测技术研究的进展

几年以前 ,我国尚未独立开展过海洋电磁探测 ,没有获取海洋岩石层电性资料的技术手段。然而 ,地下岩层的电性参数较之其他物性参数能更好地反映岩石的性质以及岩石所处的物理状态 ,因此迫切需要发展海底大地电磁探测技术。海底大地电磁探测是把仪器布置在海底 ,采集海底大地电磁场数据 ,从而研究海底以下不同深度上介质导电性的分布规律 ,达到了解地下不同深度地质情况的目的。经过两年的努力 ,我们已基本实现了海底大地电磁探测技术的研究目标     

海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测高新技术

海洋天然气水合物是一种潜在的巨大能源,在资源环境、灾害方面处于非常重要的地位。发展海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测高新技术一蕴藏量估算技术、深水区高分辩率地震技术、井中地球物理技术、海洋电滋法探测技术,准确了解天然气水合物的分布与蕴藏量,对我国海洋天然气水合物产业的建立具有关键作用。