Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton diversity and its relation to water environmental factors in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, China

To study the water quality influenced by the anthropogenic activities and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the surface waters of Miaodao Archipelago, the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton communities and the environmental properties of the surface waters surrounding the Five Southern Islands of Miaodao Archipelago were investigated, based on seasonal field survey conducted from November 2012 to August 2013. During the survey, a total of 109 phytoplankton species from 3 groups were identified in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, of which 77 were diatoms, 29 were dinoflagellates, and 3 were chrysophytes. Species number was higher in winter (73), moderate in autumn (70), but lower in summer (31) and spring (27). The species richness index in autumn (5.92) and winter (4.28) was higher than that in summer (2.83) and spring (1.41). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was high in autumn (2.82), followed by winter (1.99) and summer (1.92), and low in spring (0.07). The species evenness index in autumn (0.46) and summer (0.39) was higher than that in winter (0.32) and spring (0.02). On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in spring, COD in summer, pH in autumn, and salinity and oil pollutant in winter, respectively, showed the strongest association with the distribution of phytoplankton diversity. The spatial heterogeneity of the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago was quite obvious, and three zones, i.e., northeastern, southwestern and inter-island water area, were identified by cluster analysis (CA) based on key environmental variables.     

2014年黄骅港海域浮游动物群落结构季节变化及其影响因素研究

为了解黄骅港海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化特征及其与环境因子的相关关系,分别于2014年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对该海域进行4个航次的浮游动物和环境因子调查,采用优势度指数、物种多样性和聚类分析等方法分析该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征及其季节变化,采用冗余分析探究引起浮游动物群落结构变动的...     

Annual pattern of zooplankton communities and their environmental response in a subtropical maritime channel system in the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Zooplankton plays an important role in aquatic food webs by fluxing of energy from primary producer to subsequent trophic levels in the food chain. The annual pattern of zooplankton communities and potential environmental drivers were studied in the Kohelia channel, Bangladesh from summer 2014 to spring 2015. Samples were collected using net at a depth of 1 m. A total of 32 species belonged to 18 orders, 27 families and 15 taxonomic groups were identified. Of these species, 22 distributed in all four seasons of which 8 were dominant and highly contributing to the total communities. Species number peaked in summer next to winter and fall in spring while maximum abundance was in summer and minimum in spring. Multivariate analyses showed that there was a clear annual pattern in the zooplankton communities. Species diversity and evenness peaked in spring but fall in autumn while the high value of species richness was found in winter. Biological-environmental best matching (BIO-ENV) analyses conformed that community pattern of zooplankton was mainly driven by transparency salinity, and temperature individually or combined with water nutrients. These results demonstrate that annual pattern of the zooplankton community shaped by channel environmental factors in subtropical channel ecosystems, thus might be used for community-based subtropical coastal water bioassessment.     

南长山岛岩岸潮间带底栖藻类群落结构的季节变化格局

南长山岛岩岸潮间带底栖藻类群落的种类组成存在显著的季节差异,4个季节的群落共有种为8种:孔石莼、海黍子、石花菜、江蓠、叉枝藻、小石花菜、叉枝伊谷草和瘤枝凹顶藻。4个季节群落中生物量的变化为:秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。绿藻和褐藻类群主要为暖温性种类,而红藻类群比较复杂,既有暖温带、温带和亚热带性种类,也有寒温带的冷水性种类。4个季节群落的物种优势度序列存在明显的差异,海黍子在春季、夏季和冬季3个群落为第一优势种,瘤枝凹顶藻在秋季为第一优势种。不同季节群落多样性指数变化如下:物种丰富度指数,春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;物种多样性指数,冬季=秋季>春季>夏季;均匀度指数,冬季=秋季>春季>夏季。群落的多样性由红藻类群控制。     

Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Structure of Macrobenthic Assemblages. A Three-Year Study in the Northern Adriatic Sea in Front of the Po River Delta

Abstract. Coastal benthic communities in soft-bottom deposits of a restricted area were studied by seasonal sampling at nine stations. Faunal assemblages at three different depths were consistently different and exhibited a seasonal pattern of abundance and diversity. Multivariate statistical analyses suggest that each community structure is very similar during the three summer samplings; in autumn and winter many causes of disturbance can disrupt this structure, which is reconstituted the following summer. The stability of benthic communities in this physically variable environment is discussed and a "cyclic" adjustment mechanism of stability is proposed to explain the dynamics of the benthos in this area.     

Changes in zooplankton community structure in Sanmen Bay, China

Seasonal variations in zooplankton abundance,biomass,species diversity and community structure were investigated in the Sanmen Bay,China.Samples were collected from 15 stations,on the seasonal basis,in April(spring),July(summer) and October 2005(autumn) and January 2006(winter),respectively.The results show that zooplankton species number,abundance and biomass varied widely and had distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Sanmen Bay.A total of 72 species of zooplankton belonging to 56 genera and 17 groups of pelagic larvae were identified.The zooplankton species richness was strongly related to salinity.Based on hierarchical cluster analysis,zooplankton in this study area were classified into three groups:coastal,neritic and pelagic groups,which corresponded to the upper,middle and lower portion of the Sanmen Bay,respectively.The coastal low-saline species were dominant in the study area.The zooplankton abundance and biomass reached a peak in summer,moderate in spring and autumn,and the lowest in winter.Zooplankton abundance decreased from the upper to lower portion of the bay in April,when the highest biomass occurred in the middle portion of the bay.There were the same spatial distribution patterns for the biomass and abundance in July,with the maximum in the middle of the bay.However,zooplankton abundance was the highest in the middle of the bay in October,when maximum biomass occurred near the lower of the bay.Zooplankton abundance and biomass were evenly distributed in the Sanmen Bay in January.Spatial and temporal variations in zooplankton and their relationship with environmental factors were also analyzed.The BIOENV results indicate that the combination of chlorophyll a(Chl-a),salinity,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved oxygen(DO) and silicate(SiO3) was responsible for the variations in zooplankton community structure in the Sanmen Bay.The environmental changes played an important role in changes in the zooplankton community structure in the Sanmen Bay.     

Ecological thresholds of phytoplankton community across environmental gradients in the harmful algal blooms-frequently-occurring,subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea

Phytoplankton communities can response immediately and directly to environmental changes,and thus have been applied as reliable biotic indicators in aquatic systems.This study provided insights into the relationships concerning ecological thresholds of phytoplankton communities and individual taxon in response to environmental changes in coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea.Results demonstrated that there existed seasonal variations of phytoplankton community ecological thresholds of which spring being higher than those in summer.As for individual species,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca scintillans were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive indicator species in spring and summer,respectively.They exhibited strong indications in response to environmental changes.These findings highlighted that phytoplankton community structure in this region was stable when environmental gradients were below the thresholds of sensitive species,whereas potential harmful algal blooms may occur when environmental gradients exceeded the thresholds of tolerant species.     

杭州湾大型底栖动物季节分布及环境相关性分析

对杭州湾大型底栖动物进行了夏(2006年7-8月)、冬(2006年12月-2007年1月)、春(2007年4月)、秋(2007年10-11月)季调查,分析了大型底栖动物的季节分布及其与环境的关系。结果表明:本海域四季共鉴定出113种大型底栖动物,多毛类、软体动物和甲壳类是该海域大型底栖动物的主要类群;主要优势种为双鳃内卷齿蚕、西方似蛰虫和多鳃卷吻沙蚕等多毛类。方差分析表明,除甲壳类丰度外,杭州湾大型底栖动物群落参数无显著季节差异,群落分析表明,杭州湾群落特点比较单一,未分辨出显著差异的群落;丰度/生物量比较法分析表明,秋季杭州湾海域受到了污染的扰动;典范对应分析表明,多毛类主要受物理因子(如温度、盐度、水深等)影响,而软体动物、甲壳类和其他类动物主要受生物化学因子(如叶绿素、总有机碳、浮游生物等)影响。从典范对应分析的结果,可以推断出杭州湾大型底栖动物受自然环境特征的影响较人类活动的影响大。     

中国北方砂栖纤毛虫的空间分布及其驱动因素

为深入了解不同地理尺度因素对驱动微型生物群落空间结构的相对影响,本研究于2020年10月调查了中国北方14个砂质潮间带的砂栖纤毛虫群落。研究结果如下：（1）检获纤毛虫105种,隶属26目65属,按丰度优势依次为帆口目、小胸目和环毛目;（2）黄海、渤海两区域的环境因子存在显著差异,但纤毛虫群落组成趋于相似;（3）偏Mental分析显示,环境条件较空间距离在纤毛虫群落组成的驱动中更为重要,其中盐度、粒度和海滩坡度是解释纤毛虫空间分布的最优环境因子组合,而潮差和溶解无机氮含量是次要影响因子;（4）沿海区域微型生物的强扩散效应在一定程度上掩盖了环境异质性影响。综上,由于沿海生态系统中微型生物受到更少扩散限制,在空间分布格局的形成上,环境条件的影响比空间距离更重要。本研究为海洋微型生物地理学提供了基础数据,有助于在全球变化背景下制定沙滩管理和保护规划。     

渤海西南部小型水母群落特征与环境因子相关性研究

根据2020年8月至2021年5月对渤海西南部浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水螅水母、栉水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了环境因子对小型水母丰度的影响。研究发现,渤海西南部小型水母种类组成和丰度分布存在季节变化,全年调查共发现小型水母13种,11种水螅水母、2种栉水母;春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为4种、9种、7种和2种,丰度均值分别为30.74 ind./m3、30.78 ind./m3、12.08 ind./m3、0.57 ind./m3;优势种为嵊山秀氏水母（Sugiura chengshanense）、八斑芮氏水母（Rathkea octopunctata）、锡兰和平水母（Eirene ceylonensis）、半球美螅水母（Clytia hemisphaerica）、球型侧腕水母（Pleurobrachia globosa）,优势种季节更替率平均为91.67%,呈现明显季节演替。水温和盐度是影响渤海西南部小型水母丰度季节变化的主要环境因子,春季水温回升及适宜营养盐含量促进小型水母生长繁殖,夏季桡足类为小型水母提供了丰富的饵料促进其生长,秋季群落主要受盐度的影响。根...     

黄渤海底栖纤毛虫分子多样性和生物地理学研究

对中国渤海、北黄海和南黄海三个海域底栖纤毛虫的分子多样性与生物地理学进行了研究。从底栖真核微生物18S rDNA的焦磷酸测序数据中提取出隶属于纤毛门的序列,并在此基础上分析了纤毛虫群落的阿尔法多样性和贝塔多样性。结果表明,纤毛虫操作分类单元的丰富度在渤海比北黄海和南黄海都高,但夏冬两季无显著差异。在所有检测的环境因子中,水体深度与阿尔法多样性的相关性最强。就纤毛虫群落组成上看,总体上旋唇纲的序列及操作分类单元丰富度均占优势地位（占比分别为77.0%和66.5%）;旋唇纲主要由环毛亚纲以及未能进一步分类的类群组成。底栖纤毛虫群落结构在三个海域之间显著不同,但夏冬两季无显著差异。从各主要类群的相对比例来看,唯有侧口纲的序列比例在三个区域间呈现显著的不同。偏门特尔分析表明,相对于地理距离和环境因子而言,水体深度在调控底栖纤毛虫群落结构中扮演者更为重要的角色。本研究同时也发现,超过60%的操作分类单元未能被进一步分类到纲或目级水平,约45%的操作分类单元与GenBank数据库中已描述种类的序列相似度低于或等于97%,表明在近海沉积物中可能存在大量待发现的纤毛虫类群或物种。本研究发现底栖纤毛虫阿尔法多样性从北黄海到南黄海降低的趋势,这一点与之前基于形态学方法的调查结果相似。然而,测序数据显示旋唇纲是最主要类群,而形态学调查表明前口纲和核残迹纲是主要类群。本文也探讨了可能造成分子与形态学研究结果差异的一些潜在原因。     

2016—2019年长江口海域季节性低氧对大型底栖动物群落的影响

基于2016—2019年夏季在长江口海域进行的4个航次的生态环境调查,分析了长江口海域季节性低氧对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响。结果表明,2016—2019年长江口海域夏季底层DO最低值为1.51 mg/L,存在不同程度的底层低氧现象。低氧区与非低氧区之间大型底栖动物的种类数量、丰度、生物量和群落结构均存在显著差异。多毛类表现出对低氧较强的耐受能力,为低氧区的主要优势类群,中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)、索沙蚕(Lumbrinereis sp.)为低氧区的主要优势种。软体动物、甲壳动物和棘皮动物的分布趋势则与多毛类相反,其中甲壳动物对低氧的耐受能力较弱。MDS多维尺度排序表明,低氧区与非低氧区之间大型底栖动物的群落组成差异明显;CCA分析表明,长江口海域夏季底层低氧已对大型底栖动物的群落结构产生一定程度的影响。     

Short‐term dynamics in fish assemblage structure on a sheltered sandy beach in Guanabara Bay,Southeastern Brazil

Short‐term dynamics in juvenile fish assemblage structure were studied to test whether the most abundant species show temporal segregation, in order to assess whether selected environmental variables could predict species groupings, and to examine the stability of sunset–day–sunrise–night differences. Samplings were collected at 3‐h intervals over 48 h on a seasonal basis between spring 2005 and winter 2006. Fish species richness and abundance were higher in spring, and the lowest values occurred in winter. Harengula clupeola occurred mainly in spring, whereas Atherinella brasiliensis peaked in summer and autumn. On the other hand, Trachinotus carolinus, Umbrina coroides and Mugil liza were abundant in winter. Although temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were not found to have a strong effect on the abundance patterns of most species, they did appear to have a significant influence on assemblage groupings, according to canonical correspondence analysis and Spearman rank correlation. There is no consistency of diel usage patterns by a given species across seasons. The relative abundance differed between the time of day, which differed among the seasons; this further complicates an understanding of the dynamics of an assemblage. Studies of diel changes that pooled the sampling period as day or night can miss important changes that occur in a short time scale, such as a 3‐h period.     

福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析

根据2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在宁德晴川湾海域浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了水母对宁德晴川湾核电站安全生产潜在的风险。结果表明:宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种演替均存在季节变化,春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为7种、16种、9种和3种,丰度均值分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m3、(50.26±12.13)个/m3、(3.68±1.91)个/m3和(0.18±0.07)个/m3,首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata),优势种类组成季节演替明显。春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05,R=0.363),秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响。秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低,水母的丰度也较低。根据宁德晴川湾核电站附近海域水母分布特征,以水母丰度50 个/m3为风险阈值考虑,夏季为潜在高风险季节,需重点关注距核电站冷源取水口5～20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5～5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电站冷源安全事故发生。     

防城河口湾鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子关系研究

文章根据2016年5月、8月、11月和2017年2月在防城河口湾海域进行的渔业资源和环境调查数据, 研究了河口湾鱼类群落结构及其空间和季节变化, 分析了鱼类群落结构与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明: 全年调查共渔获鱼类95种, 隶属于2纲12目37科69属, 适温性以暖水性鱼类为主, 生态类型以底层和近底层鱼类为主。其中, 春季60种, 夏季59种, 秋季54种, 冬季46种, 夏—秋季间种类相似性指数最高。全年优势种为褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus和长鳍篮子鱼Siganus canaliculatus, 主要种有黄鳍棘鲷Acanthopagrus latus、条马鲾Equulites rivulatus、李氏?Callionymus richardsoni和真赤鲷Pagrus major等10种; 夏、秋季的最大优势种均为长鳍篮子鱼, 春、冬季的最大优势种分别为褐菖鲉和条马鲾。全湾鱼类年均资源密度为45836尾·km ^-2和 435.21kg·km ^-2, 资源密度具有明显的空间差异和季节变化。全年各站位种数变化范围在2~21种, 多样性指数H′在0.468~4.031, 丰富度指数d在0.120~1.926, 均匀度指数J在0.181~0.969。聚类分析、单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)及相似性百分比(SIMPER) 分析表明该海域鱼类群落存在一定程度的时空异质性。相关性分析表明影响防城河口湾鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子为水温、盐度和硝酸盐。     

秦山核电站邻近海域网采浮游植物群落分布及其影响因素

秦山核电站位于杭州湾北岸湾顶,其邻近海域受到钱塘江淡水径流和江浙沿岸流的共同影响,水体环境复杂。本研究根据2012年5月(春季)、10月(秋季)秦山核电站邻近海域15个站位网采浮游植物群落调查及理化因子测定,研究了该海域浮游植物群落结构、分布及其影响因子。同时比对历史数据,分析该海域浮游植物群落对环境变化的响应。调查共鉴定检出浮游植物5门60属139种(春季5门36属70种、秋季5门51属115种),其中硅藻42属110种(占85.3%),甲藻8属12种(占9.3%),绿藻、蓝藻和裸藻偶有检出。春季浮游植物平均丰度(1 802.62×104个/m~3)高于秋季(877.15×104个/m~3),其中琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus和中肋骨条藻Skeletoema costatum为两季优势种。聚类分析和典范对应分析表明,两季浮游植物群落差异显著,氮磷比、溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和盐度是影响调查海域浮游植物的主要环境因子。比对历史资料得到,30年来秦山核电站邻近海域浮游植物赤潮藻种的增加和群落结构及丰度的改变受到营养盐含量及结构变化、水温升高等因素共同作用。     

莱州湾近岸海域浮游纤毛虫群落组成和季节变化

浮游纤毛虫是真核微型生物的重要类群,在浮游生态系统中发挥着重要作用。利用传统形态学与高通量测序技术相结合的方法,于2020年9月至2021年8月对莱州湾三山岛近岸浮游纤毛虫进行每月两次的调查。对环境DNA的18S rRNA基因的V4区进行高通量测序,结果显示无壳寡毛类(占纤毛虫序列丰度的40.14%)和砂壳纤毛虫(10.67%)是优势类群,并且具有明显的季节变化。无壳寡毛类在冬季序列相对丰度最高,主要由急游虫属(Strombidium)和急游虫科未定类群(Strombidiidae_X)组成;砂壳类在春夏季序列相对丰度最高,主要由砂壳目未定类群(Tintinnida_XX)和拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)组成。浮游纤毛虫群落的β多样性呈现显著的季节变化,而α和β多样性在站点间差异均不显著。与环境因子的RDA分析显示,总有机碳和溶解氧含量是影响纤毛虫群落结构的主要环境驱动因子。形态学方法共检获鉴定17种纤毛虫,分别隶属于7个属,其中砂壳类在多样性和检获频率上均为最优势类群。研究填补了莱州湾三山岛海域浮游纤毛虫的多样性、群落结构和季节动态研究的空白,同时为深入研究温带海湾近岸浮游纤毛虫群落的长期变化规律以及对环境因子的响应机制提供本底资料。     

Seasonal dynamics of sub-ice fauna below pack ice in the Arctic (Fram Strait)

Pronounced seasonality is a characteristic feature of polar ecosystems, but seasonal studies in the high-Arctic pack-ice zone are still scarce because of logistical constraints. During six expeditions (1994–2003) to the Fram Strait area between Greenland and Svalbard in winter, spring, early summer, late summer and autumn, the sub-ice habitat and fauna below the pack ice (0–1 m depth) were analyzed for seasonal patterns. Both environmental variables such as ice cover, temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a (chl a), as well as species composition, abundance and biomass of the sub-ice fauna showed distinct seasonal dynamics. Most species of the sub-ice fauna were found in early summer, followed by autumn, spring and late summer; the lowest number occurred in winter. The sub-ice fauna was dominated by copepod nauplii during all seasons. Next numerous was the small pelagic copepod Oithona similis, followed by occassional swarms of Pseudocalanus minutus and Calanus spp. Abundances of the sympagic fauna in the sub-ice water layer were much lower, with ectinosomatid copepods being usually the most numerous sympagic group. In the course of the year, total abundances of the sub-ice fauna showed a steep increase from the earliest sampling dates towards the end of winter/beginning of spring reaching maximum numbers then, and a decrease to minimum numbers in early summer. A second peak occurred in late summer, followed by a decrease towards autumn. This significant trend was due to the abundances of copepod nauplii and Oithona similis. Sympagic species were virtually absent during winter, and increased significantly in spring and early and late summer. A factor analysis revealed the variables ice cover and thickness, water temperature and salinity, as well as chl a as the major controlling factors for the seasonal patterns in different groups and species of the sub-ice fauna. Because of the special environmental conditions in the sub-ice habitat, and the unique species composition characterized by small taxa, young stages, and sympagic species, the seasonal dynamics of the Arctic sub-ice fauna differ substantially from those of the epipelagic zooplankton community in the Arctic Ocean.     

长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化

为查明黄、渤海生态交错带长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性的时空变化,根据2016-2017年在长山列岛邻近海域开展的鱼类生物资源和环境因子的调查数据,结合食性、营养级、洄游类型、适温性、恢复力和鱼卵类型等13种功能性状,应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类功能多样性的季节变化、空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春、冬季的优势类群为端位或上位口、生长系数较低、脆弱性较高、恢复力较低、定居或短距离洄游的平扁形、暖温性底层鱼类,夏、秋季表现出更多的功能性状,例如长距离洄游、栖息位置处于中上层、体型为侧扁形和纺锤形等;夏、秋季的功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季,功能均匀度指数在春季最高,功能离散度指数在秋季最低且显著低于其他季节;春季功能均匀度指数和春、秋季功能离散度指数均表现出西高东低的分布趋势,夏、冬季的功能丰富度指数和秋季的功能均匀度指数均表现出东高西低的分布趋势;功能多样性指数与环境因子具有一定的相关性。长山列岛邻近海域作为黄、渤海生态交错带,鱼类洄游引起优势功能性状和功能多样性呈现出一定的季节变化,环境因子的变化使得功能多样...     

Species composition and diversity of Euphausiacea in the East China Sea

[1]Cai Bingji. 1978. The taxonomy study on