Slope stability analyzing using recent swarm intelligence techniques

Slope stability analysis of soil with a weak layer sandwiched between two strong layers is considered as a complex geotechnical problem. In this problem, the objective function is non‐convex and discontinuous with the presence of multiple strong local minima. Classical optimization techniques fail to converge to a valid solution unless a proper initial trial is adopted. Even though many new optimization algorithms have emerged, they have not been applied to geotechnical problems yet. In the present study, some recent swarm intelligence algorithms are adopted for some complicated example of slope stability problems and benchmarked with the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm. From the results, it seems the levy flight krill herd algorithm is the most efficient method over proposed algorithms for this kind of problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Slope stability analysis using evolutionary optimization techniques

Slope stability optimization, in the presence of a band of a weak layer between two strong layers, is accounted for in complicated geotechnical problems. Classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for solving such problems as they need a proper preliminary solution to converge to a valid result. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper algorithm which is capable of finding the best global solution. Recently a lot of metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed which are able to evade local minima effectively. In this study four evolutionary algorithms, including well‐known and recent ones, such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, evolutionary strategy and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), are applied in slope stability analysis and their efficiencies are explored by three benchmark case studies. Result show BBO is the most efficient among these evolutionary algorithms and other proposed algorithms applied to this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of swelling pressure of soil using artificial intelligence techniques

The swelling pressure of soil depends upon various soil parameters such as mineralogy, clay content, Atterberg’s limits, dry density, moisture content, initial degree of saturation, etc. along with structural and environmental factors. It is very difficult to model and analyze swelling pressure effectively taking all the above aspects into consideration. Various statistical/empirical methods have been attempted to predict the swelling pressure based on index properties of soil. In this paper, the computational intelligence techniques artificial neural network and support vector machine have been used to develop models based on the set of available experimental results to predict swelling pressure from the inputs; natural moisture content, dry density, liquid limit, plasticity index, and clay fraction. The generalization of the model to new set of data other than the training set of data is discussed which is required for successful application of a model. A detailed study of the relative performance of the computational intelligence techniques has been carried out based on different statistical performance criteria.     

边坡稳定性分析中的剩余推力法

基于传统的剩余推力法思路,推导了包括地表水、地下水、地震力、锚固力等外荷载综合作用下的边坡稳定性和剩余推力计算公式,以实例给出了剩余推力法在MicrosoftExcel中的实现方法,从中可以清晰看出剩余推力法的实质.比较了用同一安全系数但采用不同的折减方法所获得的剩余推力变化趋势.通过上述4类荷载的敏感性分析,指出了剩余推力法应用中应注意的基本问题.运用Excel中加载宏"规划求解”工具,可以方便实现确定性框架下临界滑动面的随机搜索.     

Slope stability analysis for earthquakes

The method of slices commonly used for estimating static stability of natural slopes and embankments is extended to include the dynamic effects due to earthquake loading. The equation of motion of a typical slice along a path different from its base is derived. The calculations of displacement of a slide mass using the Newmark procedure are discussed and illustrated with an example problem.     

基于聚类分析的边坡稳定性研究

在边坡稳定性分析中,滑面搜索方法对于得到边坡的稳定性系数至关重要。现今两种常用的边坡稳定性分析方法,极限平衡法以及强度折减法,可以得到极限应力状态下边坡的潜在滑面。而为了评价边坡在当前应力场下的稳定性,提出一种基于聚类分析概念的滑面搜索方法。这种方法综合考虑了边坡各点的位移以及点安全系数,采用K均值聚类法将具有相近性质的点进行分类,把边坡体分为潜在危险区以及稳定区。潜在危险区的边界即为边坡在当前应力状态下的潜在滑面,并运用矢量和方法计算得到其稳定性系数。采用上述方法对3个算例进行验算,并与极限平衡法以及强度折减法进行对比。结果表明：（1）基于聚类分析的边坡稳定性评价方法具有较好的合理性和可靠性;（2）当边坡处于临界状态附近,通过聚类分析得到的潜在滑面与其他两种方法得到的滑面基本一致;当边坡处于较稳定状态时,当前应力状态下的潜在滑面要比强度折减法得到的滑动带范围要更深更广,但求出的稳定性系数也较高;当存在软弱夹层时,矢量和计算出的滑面更为陡峻,稳定性系数比其他两种方法的结果要小。     

Slope stability analysis of the Rangamati District using geotechnical and geochemical parameters

Natural Hazards - Landslide and human mortality have been a common phenomenon in the Rangamati district over the past several years. This study examined the geotechnical properties (e.g., grain...     

利用潘家铮极值原理与和声搜索算法进行土坡稳定分析

基于潘家铮极大极小值原理,结合和声搜索算法提出了一种土坡稳定分析的新方法。对给定的滑动面,利用和声搜索算法寻找出能使该滑动面具有最大抗滑稳定安全系数的内力分布,其间可以考虑土条发生局部破坏后的内力调整过程。同样利用和声搜索算法搜索出土坡最危险的滑动面。将该法应用于简单土坡、复杂土坡的稳定分析中,与传统方法计算结果的比较证明了新方法的合理和适用性。     

基于非局部化方法的边坡稳定性分析

应变局部化问题已经成为岩土力学研究的一个重要课题,边坡的稳定性分析必然要考虑这种应变局部化对边坡的稳定性影响。结合Bazant等的非局部化模型方法,将其推广应用到弹黏塑性本构模型中去,考虑两种正则化机制的耦合作用,并采用有限元方法结合滑面应力法对边坡的稳定性进行分析。将数值分析结果与极限平衡法和基于线弹性本构的滑面应力法结果进行了对比,从分析结果来看文中的计算结果是合理的,对实际工程具有一定的指导意义。     

Slope stability analysis for undrained loading conditions

The current state of art for limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability problems lacks a satisfactory procedure for stability evaluation under general, rapid (undrained) loading conditions. Some procedures are available for the analysis of rapid drawdown, but these suffer from several shortcomings and, furthermore, are not applicable to other types of rapid loading. An approach is presented which overcomes these limitations. The approach integrates four components-establishment of soil behaviour on the basis of laboratory testing, estimation of steady-state conditions in the slope using a boundary value analysis, estimation of distribution of undrained strength in the slope using undrained stress paths, and identification of the critical slip surface followed by calculation of its factor of safety. The approach is illustrated through its application to the stability analysis of an earth dam under rapid drawdown and earthquake conditions.     

考虑前期降雨过程的边坡稳定性分析

基于三峡库区实测降雨资料,研究了不同初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,建议了能够反映边坡含水状态的初始条件选取方法。在此基础上,采用非饱和渗流分析方法研究了前期降雨对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,以典型的砂土和黏土边坡为例初步探索了前期降雨对边坡稳定性影响规律。结果表明：初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响不同;建议将多年平均降雨量对应的稳态渗流场作为初始条件进行非饱和渗流分析。边坡土体渗透系数越低,边坡稳定性受前期降雨的影响越大、影响时间也越长。砂土和黏土边坡稳定性分析时建议至少考虑15 d以上的前期降雨,对于砂土边坡还应根据这15 d前面5 d的降雨情况确定是否需要增加计算天数。短历时高强度前期降雨对砂土边坡稳定性影响更大,而长历时低强度前期降雨对黏土边坡稳定性影响更大。累积前期降雨量可以作为判断边坡最小安全系数出现时刻的依据。砂土边坡出现最小安全系数时刻与10 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合,而黏土边坡则与15 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合。     

Windows下的土坡稳定性分析研究

利用CAD二次开发技术,对边坡进行稳定性分析,采用的计算方法为瑞典圆弧滑面条分法。通过编程计算,能得到该边坡的任意滑面的安全系数和最危险滑面位置及其安全系数,该程序有良好的Windows风格的用户界面,直观、形象的计算过程,简单明了的输出结果,是进行边坡稳定分析的新选择     

Specification and prediction of nickel mobilization using artificial intelligence methods

Groundwater and soil pollution from pyrite oxidation, acid mine drainage generation, and release and transport of toxic metals are common environmental problems associated with the mining industry. Nickel is one toxic metal considered to be a key pollutant in some mining setting; to date, its formation mechanism has not yet been fully evaluated. The goals of this study are 1) to describe the process of nickel mobilization in waste dumps by introducing a novel conceptual model, and 2) to predict nickel concentration using two algorithms, namely the support vector machine (SVM) and the general regression neural network (GRNN). The results obtained from this study have shown that considerable amount of nickel concentration can be arrived into the water flow system during the oxidation of pyrite and subsequent Acid Drainage (AMD) generation. It was concluded that pyrite, water, and oxygen are the most important factors for nickel pollution generation while pH condition, SO₄, HCO₃, TDS, EC, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu are measured quantities playing significant role in nickel mobilization. SVM and GRNN have predicted nickel concentration with a high degree of accuracy. Hence, SVM and GRNN can be considered as appropriate tools for environmental risk assessment.     

Slope stability evaluation using Back Propagation Neural Networks

The Yudonghe landslide, located in western Hubei Province of China, consists of eastern and western subunits as well as a main landslide mass with upper and lower slip surfaces. As an important landslide close to Shuibuya Dam on the Qing River, its stability is crucial, as the slide might reactivate because of a change in ground-water level caused by filling of the Shuibuya Reservoir. Existing weakness zones, growth of ruptures, the downslope attitude of geologic strata, and water infiltration, which reduced the strength of rocks and soils, have been found to be the most important factors contributing to the Yudonghe landslide. With regard to the landslide processes, it can be noted that the original large-scale slide activity was due to erosion by the Qing River, the second sliding resulted from the fall of blocks from the head scarp, and the final activity was the growth of the eastern and western secondary slides. A base failure was the main type of slope movement, however, it was obvious that more than one sliding event occurred, as inferred from striations and fractures detected by microstructure analysis of soils along the failure surfaces. Slope instability was evaluated by the method of Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN), in which a four-layer BPNN model with five input nodes, two hidden layers, and two output nodes was constructed using a training data set of landslide samples throughout the Qing River area. The predicted results of this analysis showed that the factor of safety was 1.10, which indicates that the Yudonghe landslide is currently in a marginally stable condition.     

温控参数有限元法在边坡稳定分析中的应用

针对边坡稳定分析中所采用的基于强度参数折减的有限元方法,提出利用温度场来控制强度参数的折减,大大提高了计算效率。两个计算实例表明,一定时步后?max / H,即节点最大位移对坡高的比值,会快速增加,建议取该比值在0.05～0.1之间的不收敛时刻或突变时刻对应的折减系数作为安全系数。     

用局部强度折减法进行边坡稳定性分析

边坡的变形与其稳定性具有内在的必然联系,因而可以通过变形场来对边坡的稳定性进行判断。传统的强度折减法基于理想弹塑性模型对所有单元进行强度折减,所求解出来的变形场并不能很好地反映出边坡失稳时的真实变形。实际上,边坡的失稳是由于局部土体的强度降低所致的,因此提出只对局部土体单元进行强度折减、其他土体单元保持原有强度不变的局部强度折减法,本构模型采用变模量弹塑性模型。工程实例计算分析表明,基于变模量弹塑性模型的局部强度折减法对边坡进行稳定性分析是可行的。     

基于最小二乘法的边坡稳定性分析

利用经典土压力理论设定合理土条推力线范围,根据静力平衡及力矩平衡条件建立以条块界面安全系数 为变量的线性超定方程组,应用MATLAB软件基于最小二乘方法对此方程组求解,依据极大值原理及合理性条件： ,最终获得边坡整体安全系数 。经算例验证得出如下结论：当条块界面与条块整体安全系数相等时,边坡抗剪能力发挥最大;安全系数随推力线位置的升高而减小,但影响并不大;由于考虑了极大值原理,该法求得的安全系数略微偏大于其他方法。     

Application of artificial intelligence techniques for predicting the flyrock distance caused by blasting operation

Flyrock arising from blasting operations is one of the crucial and complex problems in mining industry and its prediction plays an important role in the minimization of related hazards. In past years, various empirical methods were developed for the prediction of flyrock distance using statistical analysis techniques, which have very low predictive capacity. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are now being used as alternate statistical techniques. In this paper, two predictive models were developed by using AI techniques to predict flyrock distance in Sungun copper mine of Iran. One of the models employed artificial neural network (ANN), and another, fuzzy logic. The results showed that both models were useful and efficient whereas the fuzzy model exhibited high performance than ANN model for predicting flyrock distance. The performance of the models showed that the AI is a good tool for minimizing the uncertainties in the blasting operations.     

Slope stability analysis in 3D using numerical limit analysis (NLA) and elasto-plastic analysis (EPA)

The present paper addresses the problem of factor of safety (FS) determination in 3D slope stability analysis. For that purpose, use is made of two numerical methods/techniques in three benchmark problems: numerical limit analysis (NLA) and elasto-plastic analysis (EPA). Finite elements are used in both techniques. The primary objective of the study is, by comparing the two techniques, to establish the feasibility of using NLA in the evaluation of 3D slope stability problems and to establish its practical applicability and competitiveness in relation to EPA. Because of their geometry or their boundary conditions, the problems cannot be analysed as plane strain state problems or using the 2D limit equilibrium technique. In both methods, an FS is determined for the slopes by reducing the strength parameters of the geological materials using a scalar factor, known as the strength reduction factor. From the comparison of the FSs and of the computational efforts required for the two numerical techniques, it was possible to establish NLA’s competiveness and viability for the analysis of real 3D slope stability problems when implemented in an efficient manner.     

基于盲数理论的边坡安全稳定分析研究

岩土工程中的各种信息普遍存在着随机性、模糊性、灰性及未确知性等不确定性,由于实际情况的复杂和试验资料的不足,计算参数往往是多种不确定性的混合体。针对这一特点,利用盲数来表达计算参数的不确定性,将盲信息的数学理论引入到边坡稳定的刚体极限平衡计算方法中,提出了一种安全系数计算的新方法。运用盲数运算法则计算出安全系数在不同的取值区间内的可信度,从而为判断边坡的稳定状态提供了更全面的依据,克服了传统方法描述过于绝对化的问题。实例研究表明,盲数在边坡稳定分析中能更好地考虑参数的不确定性情况,得到的结果更可靠,有较好的实用价值。