废金刚石锯片的再利用技术

金刚石锯片发生断裂或金刚石部分脱落时,虽然有些金刚石层仍可用,但不得不把整个锯片废掉.如何充分回收利用废弃锯片巾的残留金刚石层,是一个值得注意的问题.我们在这方面做了一些尝试,把废弃金刚石锯片改制成金刚石钻头,收到了较满意的效果.金刚石钻头由金刚石头、金属管和粘结胶组成(图1).选择一定直径和长度的金属管,其一端为平齐的横断面.精确量出管的内径,并换算出周长(l).然后,从废锯片上选择带     

提高胎体金属与金刚石粘结性能的研究

从研究粘结金属在液态时与骨架材料和石墨(代替金刚石)的相互作用规律人手,对加入有强碳化物形成元素的几种铜基系列粘结材料做一系列实验,从中选择对金刚石润湿性好,附着功大的一种制成预合金化粉末粘结剂,同时采用金刚石表面离子化和改进烧结工艺,提高和改善胎体性能.本文以大量的实验资料对提高胎体金属与金刚石的粘结性能作一些讨论.     

SYNDAX人造金刚石聚晶——赴澳大利亚钻探技术考察资料之一

前言戴比尔斯金刚石研究试验室研制出了一种新的金刚石聚晶——SYNDAX. SYNDAX是一个新系列热稳定金刚石产品的属称.该系列的每一种金刚石制品都是为一定的用途和工作环境而特制的.SYNDAX3是其中的第一种产品.它是一种致密、无孔隙而且完全共生的聚晶金刚石,在温度高达1200℃时仍具有热稳定性.在其独特的合成过程中采用了特殊的金属粘结材料.这种金属粘结材料在烧结之后保留在成品中作为一个组成部分,从而使这种产品具有更高的抗冲击能力.     

《石材加工用金刚石锯片》课题通过技术鉴定

煤炭科学研究总院西安分院承担的开发性科研项目——《石材加工用金刚石锯片》课题,于1988年12月25日通过鉴定。会议一致同意锯片定型和推广使用。该课题在热压法制造人造金刚石成片节块和金刚石节块高频     

电镀人造金刚石外圆锯片的工艺及试用

1973年以来,我们研制出了切磨技术上用的锯片,为"小型切磨机"的推广使用创造了条件.用电镀人造金刚石外圆锯片切断岩石、矿物、玻璃等,具有效率高,使用方便,切割质量好,并可改善劳动条件等优点,从而代替了以往用碳化硅作磨料加一圆铁片磨断的老方法.此种电镀人造金刚石外圆锯片采用我国自造的金刚石,有广阔的原料来源;所用工艺设备较简单,便于推广.一、试制过程1972年,曾用粉末冶金法在锯片基体外圆孕镶人造金刚石.但所用设备昂贵,工艺复杂,成本也高,同时在高温处理过程中,人造金刚石强度减低,影响锯片质量.在兄     

福建石材行业的现状及前景展望

石材行业的发展带动了石材加工机械和超硬材料行业的发展。与此同时也出现了一些问题，其中对锯片问题进行了重点阐述，并提出了金刚石锯片厂家的主攻目标和方向。     

对提高岩石可钻性分级精度的探讨

文章认为当前岩石可钻性分级精度不能提高的原因,在于测量手段不能同时满足标准化与模拟性的要求.作者推荐用在金刚石锯片切割下的标准岩样对比法,来确定岩石可钻性的等级.     

金刚石锯片刀头制造工艺的研究

本文通过对金刚石锯片刀头制造工艺的研究,对刀头的烧结方法、制造和焊接工艺进行了探索研究,选择高强石墨加工锯片刀头模具,采用高频焊接方法,保证了锯片的加工质量。     

C—G新型圆锯片的试制与使用

山东金刚石工具厂.采用中国有色金属工业总公司矿产地质研究院的成套技术.主要生产人造金刚石地质钻头和石材加工的锯片等工具.锯片选用了地质研究院JR5型.46目金刚石和美国GE公司生产的MSD、MBS750、760型.35～40目粗粒优质人造金刚石,并采用国内先进的成型、焊接设备制作而成.该产品采用国家建讨局标准JC340～83(?).适用于加工切割各种大理石、花岗岩、混凝土、耐火材料等硬脆、非金属材料.在现代建筑、建村、交通、冶金及机场施工等部门有广泛用途.     

西欧的超硬材料及制品技术

介绍了西欧超硬材料（ＰＣＤ,ＰＣＢＮ）锯片级人造金刚石单晶,超硬,刀具及其制造设备;金刚石制品;石材与石材加工机械,工器具等现状和发展方向,对我国超硬材料业的发展提出了建议。     

提高人造金刚石钻头质量的有效途径

采用真空气相沉积法在金刚石表面镀覆强碳化物金融或合金薄膜。该薄膜一方面与金刚石表面形成化学键合,另一方面大大提高与金融胎体的浸润性,从而明显增强金刚石在金融胎体中的结合强度,提高金刚石钻头性能和使用寿命。     

孕镶金刚石钻头工作层不均匀磨损原因的研究

通过理论分析和生产试验，论证了孕镶金刚石钻头工作层高度磨损不均的主要原因是：在金刚石等浓度分布和质量相同的情况下，因采用矩形水口使得唇面金刚石沿半径线由外向内切削工作负担逐渐加重所致。提出了改善措施。     

Zonal distribution of impurities in diamond

The zonal distribution of impurities in six diamonds (2 clear. 1 green-skinned, 2 green-bodied and 1 coated) was studied by neutron activation followed by dissolution of the diamond into a number of fractions. High surface concentrations of impurities found here and by other workers were attributed to both laboratory and natural contaminants. No unusual element distributions were found in the outer layer of the green-skinned diamond, the green skin probably being caused by natural radiation damage. The green-bodied diamonds had very different compositions from each other and from the other diamonds and it is suggested that such stones owe their colour to a high general level of impurities. All the diamonds, including the clear core of the coated diamond, contained impurities thought to be submicroscopic inclusions, either silicates, carbonates or immiscible sulphides derived from the parental magma. Variations in the composition of these inclusions in one diamond suggest changes in the host magma composition during growth. Sulphides apparently occurred in very small amounts throughout all the diamonds. Variations in the concentration of impurities are probably related to changes in growth rate or environment during diamond formation, and could explain some of the zonal variations in the physical properties of diamonds.     

津巴布韦金刚石独特的形态及其“指纹”特征的意义

津巴布韦马朗金刚石矿床为近年来发现的特大型高品位金刚石砂矿。对津巴布韦马朗金刚石产区的金刚石样品进行了矿物学和宝石学研究。结果显示,津巴布韦金刚石的晶体形态、表面微细特征等与世界上主要产地的金刚石有较大差异。其中最新发现的“十字架”形熔蚀图像和红色斑点是该产地金刚石的典型特征。“十字架”是由大量大小不等的正方形熔蚀坑沿晶体[100]重叠排列而成的,红色斑点为铁质氧化物沿熔蚀坑棱线生长而成的。研究结果表明,津巴布韦马朗金刚石的形态特征具有产地“指纹特征”的意义,对中国地勘单位赴境外进行金刚石找矿具有借鉴意义。     

关于利用系统论方法设计金刚石钻头的分析研究

地质钻探工程是个复杂的系统工程,金刚石钻头设计是个复杂的系统。俄罗斯技术科学博士Скоромных В. В.教授等使用系统论方法设计表镶金刚石钻头,以机械钻速为目标函数,以钻头切入岩石深度为切入点,建立了相关的数学模型,编制了程序,进行了计算机模拟,可以比较直观地看到金刚石在孔底的工作情况和钻头破碎岩石的过程,对于深入研究孔底岩石破碎过程机理和判断金刚石钻头设计的合理性及其对钻探技术经济指标的作用,具有一定的实际意义。     

金刚石分类、组成特征以及我国金刚石研究展望

金刚石由于其独特的物理化学性质,在经济生产与科学研究中均具有重要价值.金刚石形成于地球大于150 km的深度范围内,是人类可以获得的来自地球深部地幔乃至核幔边界的最直接的样品,因此可以为研究地球深部物质组成和物理化学条件提供重要的素材.金刚石由碳元素组成,还含有微量的杂质元素（如氮、硼、氢、氧等）,其中氮和硼元素对于划分金刚石的晶体结构类型发挥着重要的作用.根据金刚石的产出类型,金刚石可以划分为幔源型、超高压变质型、陨石相关型以及蛇绿岩型金刚石.全球约百分之一的幔源型金刚石含有包裹体,对这些包裹体的研究显示,金刚石主要来源于地球150~200 km深度的岩石圈地幔.这些含有包裹体的金刚石中,仅有1%的金刚石来自于地球深部的软流圈、地幔过渡带、下地幔、甚至核幔边界.我国的金刚石产出类型多样,但是,目前仅山东蒙阴、辽宁复县的金伯利岩矿床以及湖南沅水的砂矿具有经济价值.蛇绿岩型金刚石是近年来金刚石研究领域取得的重要进展,该类型金刚石分布在全球多个造山带不同时代、不同构造属性的蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中,被认为是一种新的金刚石的产出类型.相对于其他国家和地区的金刚石的研究,我国的金刚石领域的研究程度相对较低,缺乏对金刚石结构、化学组成以及包裹体组成的系统研究,制约了对我国金刚石成因的认识,限制了我国的金刚石的找矿工作.因此,亟需结合先进的分析手段对我国的金刚石及其围岩做进一步的研究,以期揭示金刚石的形成过程,为金刚石的找矿提供理论基础.      

Effect of oil and gas deposits on dynamic characteristics of reflected waves

ABSTRACT

The preservation of metastable diamond in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) complexes challenges our understanding of the processes taking place during exhumation of these subduction zone complexes. The presence of diamonds in UHPM rocks implies that diamonds remained metastable during exhumation, and within thermodynamic stability of graphite for an extended period. This work studies the influence of pressure on the surface graphitization rate of diamond monocrystals in carbonate systems to understand the preservation of microdiamond during exhumation of UHP subduction complexes. Experiments were performed with 2–3 mm synthetic diamond monocrystals at 2–4 GPa in СаСО₃ (1550°С) and К₂СО₃ (1450°С) melts using a high-pressure multi-anvil apparatus. The highest rate of surface graphitization took place at 2 GPa; diamond crystals were almost completely enveloped by a graphite coating. At 4 GPa, only octahedron-shaped pits formed on flat {111} diamond crystal faces. Our results demonstrate that the surface graphitization rate of diamonds in the presence of carbonate melts at 1450–1550°C increases with decreasing pressure. Decreased pressure alone can graphitize diamond regardless of exhumation rate. Metastable diamond inclusions survive exhumation with little or no graphitization because of excess pressure up to 2 GPa acting on them, and because inclusions are protected from interaction with C-O-H fluid.     

黑色合成碳硅石在群镶钻石首饰中的鉴定特征

近期,在珠宝市场上的一件＂黑白钻＂首饰中发现混有黑色合成碳硅石,该情况应引起国内外各珠宝检测机构的足够重视。采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪等测试方法对黑色合成碳硅石样品做了较详细测试与分析。结果显示,放大检查可见黑色合成碳硅石的表面粗糙,棱角圆钝,并伴有各种生长缺陷,部分可见残留的单晶硅;黑色合成碳硅石的红外反射光谱非常特征,且其拉曼散射光谱也缺失钻石位于1 332cm-1处的特征峰,可与黑色钻石相区别。     

Comparison of enigmatic diamonds from the Tolbachik arc volcano (Kamchatka) and Tibetan ophiolites: Assessing the role of contamination by synthetic materials

The enigmatic appearance of cuboctahedral diamonds in ophiolitic and arc volcanic rocks with morphology and infrared characteristics similar to synthetic diamonds that were grown from metal solvent requires a critical reappraisal. We have studied 15 diamond crystals and fragments from Tolbachik volcano lava flows, using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). FTIR spectra of Tolbachik diamonds correspond to typical type Ib patterns of synthetic diamonds. In TEM films prepared using focused ion beam technique, we find Mn-Ni and Mn-Si inclusions in Tolbachik diamonds. SRXRF spectra indicate the presence of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Mn inclusions with Cr, Ti, Cu, and Zn impurities. LA-ICP-MS data show variable but significantly elevated concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu reaching up to 70 ppm. These transition metal concentration levels are comparable with those determined by LA-ICP-MS for similar diamonds from Tibetan ophiolites. Mn-Ni (+Fe) solvent was widely used to produce industrial synthetic diamonds in the former USSR and Russia with very similar proportions of these metals. Hence, it appears highly probable that the cuboctahedral diamonds recovered from Kamchatka arc volcanic rocks represent contamination and are likely derived from drilling tools or other hard instruments. Kinetic data on diamond dissolution in basaltic magma or in fluid phase demonstrate that diamond does not form under the pressures and temperature conditions prevalent within the magmatic system beneath the modern-day Klyuchevskoy group of arc volcanoes. We also considered reference data for inclusions in ophiolitic diamonds and compared them with the composition of solvent used in industrial diamond synthesis in China. The similar inclusion chemistry close to Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅ for ophiolitic and synthetic Chinese diamonds scrutinized here suggests that most diamonds recovered from Tibetan and other ophiolites are not natural but instead have a synthetic origin. In order to mitigate further dubious reports of diamonds from unconventional tectonic settings and source rocks, we propose a set of discrimination criteria to better distinguish natural cuboctahedral diamonds from those produced synthetically in industrial environments and found as contaminants in mantle- and crust-derived rocks.     

人造金刚石孕镶钻头唇面状态与钻进的关系

本文以金刚石在孕镶钻头中均匀分布为基础,从理论上推导出唇面径向不同位置的金刚石切深、受力。结果表明,在正常钻进情况下,金刚石切深约为其出刃的1/10,且距钻头中心越近,金刚石切深、受力越大;并由此解释了实钻较微钻钻进能力更强以及随着钻压（p）、每转进尺（h）的增大,碎岩效果,即单位钻压每转进尺（h/p）下降的现象。