利用Q型聚类分析研究鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产间的关系

为揭示鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产间的关系,根据盆地石油、油气伴生水以及煤、煤层夹矸、铀矿及围岩样品的氯仿沥青中57种元素的分析结果,进行了Q型聚类分析。结果表明:侏罗系下统延安组石油、侏罗系中统直罗组石油与三叠系延长组石油有相近的成因特征;三叠系延长组石油沥青、三叠系延长组含油砂岩沥青与侏罗系中统直罗组石油沥青具有类似的成因特征;神木侏罗系下统延安组煤沥青、东胜侏罗系中统直罗组煤沥青、铜川陈家山侏罗系下统延安组煤层石油以及铜川陈家山侏罗系下统延安组煤沥青成因特征相近;铜川陈家山侏罗系下统延安组煤层石油沥青可能与准格尔黑岱沟石炭二叠系煤沥青具有成因上的联系;侏罗系下统延安组石油沥青与放射性铀矿的形成具有密切关系;天然气的物质来源复杂,且与石油和煤的进一步演化有一定关系。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产成因较复杂、相互间关系密切,且具有多源性成藏(矿)特征。     

Anomozamites (Bennettitales) from Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation,western Liaoning,China

The Middle Jurassic Hangfanggou Formation is well exposed in Shangsanjiao and Xiasanjiao villages area,Baimashi town of Huludao,western Liaoning,China.Recently,abundant fossil plants were collected from the Hangfanggou Formation.One new species,Anomozamites sanjiaocunensis sp.nov.(Bennettitales),is described in this study.This is the first report of the genus Anomozamites from the Haifanggou Formation based upon the leaf morphology and epidermal structures.The discovery of the new species extends significantly the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Anomozamites in the Middle Jurassic.It also shows that Anomozamites was a common member of Bennettitales once lived in the Middle Jurassic warm temperate region.The new species also improves the knowledge on understanding the leaf morphology,epidermal features and the diversity of Anomozamites during the Middle Jurassic.The epidermal characters of the new species and its associated plants reveal that the plants grew in a warm and moderately humid environment in the warm temperate zone.The presence of some deciduous plants,such as ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans and conifers,indicate the climate with seasonal fluctuations in temperature.     

田师傅植物群的基本特征

作者把辽宁本溪田师傅盆地及凤城赛马—阳盆地的早中侏罗世植物群简称田师傅植物群。该植物群由34属77种植物组成。本文是在已确定的名单基础上,着重讨论植物群的性质.组合序列的划分,与同期植物群的比较及其所属地理区和气候带等。田师傅植物群属我国北方锥叶蕨—拟刺葵植物群范围,可划分出早、中、晚3期组合,它与北票、门头沟等植物群最为相似,同属西伯利亚区的中国北方省,反映出温热潮湿的温带或温带—亚热带气候。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源特征及其地质意义

根据砂岩岩石薄片、石英阴极发光和重矿物组合分析,结合沉积构造及地震解释成果,对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源体系及其演化进行详细分析,确定了物源方向及母岩性质。结果表明:塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源主要来自北部南天山造山带物源区,以岩浆岩和变质岩母岩为主,兼有少量沉积岩物源的影响。其中,塔里奇克组砂岩中陆源碎屑岩岩屑含量较高,阴极发光条件下不发光石英含量较高,重矿物组合具有高锆石、白钛矿和磁铁矿含量以及低石榴子石含量的特征,母岩可能为上奥陶统—上三叠统早期沉积;阿合组及阳霞组砂岩中岩浆岩岩屑含量升高,重矿物组合以较高的石榴子石含量为特征,阴极发光条件下石英主要为蓝紫色及棕褐色发光,其母岩主要来自二叠系及其下伏地层;克孜勒努尔组及恰克马克组砂岩中变质岩岩屑含量明显升高,石榴子石含量极高,阴极发光条件下棕褐色发光石英含量增多,表明变质岩母岩的影响增强。晚三叠世—中侏罗世,研究区物源区母岩演化具有明显规律性,即晚三叠世受较多沉积岩母岩影响,早侏罗世岩浆岩母岩供给增多,中侏罗世以变质岩母岩为主。晚三叠世,库车坳陷东部南天山造山带大幅抬升,导致大量变质岩母岩卷入造山带遭受剥蚀;早—中侏罗世,南天山造山带中段构造活动具有东西分段的特点,吐格尔明30团剖面以东早侏罗世砂岩率先具有高石榴子石含量的特点,而西部地区中侏罗世砂岩才大量出现石榴子石,表明南天山造山带中段的虎拉山及额尔宾山在早侏罗世隆升-剥蚀强烈,而哈尔克山在中侏罗世才进入强烈抬升期。     

Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Qangtang Basin, Xizang （Tibet）, China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies,platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time.The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组下组合流体包裹体特征和油气充注期次

通过对储层成岩作用、流体包裹体岩相学和孔隙沥青特征的分析,在烃包裹体期次划分的基础上,结合流体包裹体均一温度特征、烃源岩热演化史、地层埋藏史和储层成岩史,确定了鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组下组合油气充注期次。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组长8段和长9段致密储层主要发育压实、胶结、交代和溶解4种成岩作用,自生矿物主要为绿泥石、石英胶结物、长石胶结物和方解石胶结物。根据包裹体宿主矿物形成序列,识别出3期烃包裹体。第一期烃包裹体分布在石英愈合缝、石英次生加大边和充填孔隙的石英胶结物中,少数低成熟的黄色荧光烃包裹体及黑色荧光沥青包裹体代表了烃源岩进入生烃门限后排出的少量烃类充注,多数成熟度较高的蓝色、蓝白色荧光烃包裹体代表了生烃高峰期大量烃类充注;第二期烃包裹体分布在长石胶结物中,数量较少,显示蓝色和蓝白色荧光,在溶蚀孔隙周围或沿解理分布,呈短柱状,边界平直;第三期烃包裹体分布在方解石胶结物中,呈孤立或零星分布,形状近六边形;后两期烃包裹体均是在烃类充注结束后捕获孔隙中烃类形成的。研究区延长组长8段和长9段经历了晚侏罗世末期至早白垩世末期的一期烃类持续充注。     

大青山地区金地球化学特征

大青山地区出露地层主要是侏罗系中统兰旗组安山岩、安山质角砾熔岩、凝灰岩等;侵入岩为晚侏罗世二长花岗岩;断裂发育,岩石蚀变强烈。金地球化学特征表明,金主要富集在侏罗系中统兰旗组火山岩中。金的原生晕、次生晕异常特征和分布表明,破碎蚀变岩带就是金矿化蚀变带。通过野外地质调查已在三道盘—马家窝铺的安山岩和二长花岗岩中发现了5条金矿化带和29条金银矿脉。实践证明,在大青山地区进行金矿普查运用地球化学方法是有效的。     

Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Quangtang Basin, Xizang (Tibet), China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies, platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time. The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future. Sponsored by National ‘Ninth Five Year Plan’ Science and Technology Project (970204-01-01).     

Early Jurassic Flora and Stratigraphy from Shansonggang of Southern Jilin,China

More than 35 species belonging to 22 genera of fossil plants are recognized by the authors from the Shansonggang flora in the 8hansonggang Basin of Jilin, China. Among them, the coexistence of Coniopteris and Cycadocarpidium demonstrates that the present flora possesses the characters of the early assemblage of Early Jurassic floras in Eurasia. Therefore, the age of the Shansonggang flora is considered the Early Jurassic.This study would be beneficial for better understanding the paleoecological and paleoclimatic characteristics of the Shansonggang Basin. Based mainly on the characters of the flora, the authors suggest that the Lower Jurassic coal-bearing strata, the Shansongang Formation, should namely be renewed.     

Early Jurassic Flora and Stratigraphy from Shansonggang of Southern Jilin,China

1IntroductionThe Shansonggang Basin, one of the Mesozoic coal-bearing basins in northeastern China, is located in southern Jilin Province, China and covering about 30 km2(Fig.1). The basin is lying in the northwest-ern margin of the Longgang anticline, just opposite to the Yihe Basin which lies in the southeastern margin of the anticline. During 1940s~1970 s, a lot of work on the survey of coal geology was made in the basin, but there has been a little knowledge about the plant fossils…     

Middle and Late Permian palynoflora in Tianshan Township,southeast of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang, China

The Permian is one of the most important periods during which the vegetative earth witnessed the transition from icehouse to greenhouse climate and the global environment changes. Organisms on the planet en-countered great challenge and the demise of swamp caused the extinction of arborescent lycopods and the rising of Mesophytic plants accomplished the floral transition from the Paleophytic to Mesophytic vegetation. In order to depict the climatic changes and floral succession in the middle and high latitudes of the North Hemisphere, palynological investigation was engaged, and 40 samples collected from the uppermost of Taerlang Formation, Hongyanchi Formation and Quanzijie Formation in the Tianshan Town, Turpan-Hami Basin, eastern Xinjiang, China. The result shows that the palynoflora in the studied area is composed of 50 species of 33 genera, domi-nated by disaccites and striatiti gymnosperm pollen, and characterized by diverse Protohaploxypinus, Hamia-pollenites, Alisporites and Klausipollenites. It is quite similar to those Middle and Late Permian palynological as-semblages reported in the Dalongkou section and other localities in southern margin of Junggar Basin, and aged at Middle and Late Permian. The diversity of typical Angara and sub-Angara pollen, such as Falcisporites, Alisporites, Protohaploxypinus, Vittatina, Lunatisporites, Hamiapollenites, etc. indicates that the studied palyno-flora belonged to the sub-Angara phytoprovince, while the presence of Lueckisporites virkkiae implied Euramerica pollen intruded northward sometimes. The paleoclimate of the studied area might be warm and humid with fluc-tuated dry seasons during the late Guadalupian and early Lopingian time.     

西藏羌塘地体中生代中—晚期不整合事件及其构造意义

不整合事件对于认识陆陆碰撞具有重要意义。羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞时间一直存在争议,其主要原因是"碰撞时间"定义不同,就不整合事件发生时间来说存在两种定义;一是与碰撞缝合带有关的区域性不整合的时间,早白垩世末(100 Ma);二是洋壳消失,大陆之间陆壳初始的接触时间,盆地边缘不整合事件,即中侏罗世晚期(166 Ma)。针对上述问题,选取2种不同定义下的羌塘盆地内不整合面:北雷错西南与安多114道班地区不整合面进行研究。114道班地区下伏安山岩岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄为77 Ma,结合国内外学者对羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞时间的研究成果,认为羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞,发生强烈相互作用的初始时间为早白垩世末100 Ma,持续时间范围100~75 Ma。北雷错西南陆相地层最大沉积年龄为94 Ma,综合年代学、沉积学以及地层产状,认为该地层为新生代康托组,而非前人中侏罗世晚期"毕洛错组"的认识,进而认为羌塘-拉萨地体之间陆壳初始的接触时间不可能为166 Ma,但是一定早于100 Ma。      

Sedimentological features and biostratigraphy of Jurassic/Cretaceous deposits in continental basins in Priamurie, Far East Russia

The paper describes the sedimentary features and biostratigraphy of the transitional Jurassic to Cretaceous deposits in the continental basins of Priamurie formed after the collision between the Siberian and North China blocks. In Upper Priamurie, the collision occurred in the late Early Jurassic as dated by the emplacement of the post-collisional granites (191Ma) . While in Lower Priamurie and West Priokhotie it could take place in the late Middle Jurassic on the basis of fossil evidence from an accretionary turbidite complex. This event reflected the environmental change from coastal-marine to alluvial plains, often boggy, where coals accumulated. The environmental change is in harmony with that of biota. Systematic study of floral and spores/pollen assemblages, particularly in the sections of interbedded marine and non-marine deposits, makes clear the chronostratigraphic succession of floral associations and shows the possibility of their application for subdivision and correlation of the continental deposits of Priamurie. The coastal-marine environment of the residual post-collisional sublatitudinal basins in the western part of Priamurie (Upper Amur and Dep basins) was replaced by the continental in the late Middle Jurassic and in the eastern part in the Berriasian-Valanginian ( Torom Basin) . Similar environmental change commenced in the submeridional rift basins: the Bureya Basin in the Callovian and the Partizansk Basin in the Hauterivian. Changes in ecosystems occurred frequently during theMiddle Jurassic-Neocomian, but the most substantial changes took place in the late Middle Jurassic and in the end of Late Jurassic.     

从叶肢介化石讨论田师傅东营坊组的时代

辽东本溪田师傅和新开岭地区出露的一套沉积碎屑岩,范国清(1982年)称为东营坊组,时代隶属晚侏罗世。本文依据 Euestheria ziliujinensis 群将东营坊组时代置于中侏罗早中期,与辽西海房沟组、冀北九龙山组叶肢介动物群主体基本一致。依据 Pagiophyllum cf.maculosum,P.cf.shahoziensis,Brachyphyllumcf.mamillare,Coniopteris sp.等植物化石和区域地层接触关系,东营坊组应置于转山子组、大堡组和三个岭组之上。     

鄂尔多斯盆地地层埋藏演化与油气成藏分析

地层埋藏状况对有机质生烃及油藏保存具有重要的控制作用.通过对鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世以来地层埋藏史和有机质热演化生烃史的恢复,对比盆地不同地区之间地层剥蚀和埋藏特点,探讨地层埋藏演化特征对油气成藏的影响,分析地层埋藏对有机质生烃及油藏保存条件的影响.结果表明:在鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世以来经历的4期(T3、J1、J2、K1)沉降—抬升循环演化过程中,不同地区的沉积埋藏深度和埋藏速率存在明显差异.一方面导致各地区间长7烃源岩进入生烃的时间提前或滞后.北部古峰庄地区和中部白豹地区在J2期已进入早期生烃,姬塬和镇北地区在J3期进入早期生烃,而南部西峰、洛川地区和东部陕北地区早期生烃的时间是K1早中期.进入大量生烃阶段的时间基本都在K1期.另一方面导致地区间成藏封存条件的变化.在北部和中南部地区,地层埋藏深度大,沉积速率高,形成很好的封闭条件.各生烃阶段,特别是早期生成油气也可很好地保存而成藏.     

鄂尔多斯盆地直罗油田长6油层组成岩作用及孔隙演化研究

位于鄂尔多斯盆地的直罗油田三叠系延长组长6油层组为近年来新开发的一个主力油气产层。岩石学和成岩作用特征研究表明,直罗油田长6油层组以细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,砂岩经历了机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用,成岩作用处于晚成岩阶段A期。成岩作用控制了储层砂岩孔隙发育特征,其中压实作用与胶结作用是导致储层超低渗的主导因素,而次生溶蚀孔隙的形成对储层砂岩物性具有一定改造作用,并控制了该区长6油层组相对高孔高渗储层的展布特征。     

淮河源区中更新世黄土堆积的元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义

利用地球化学元素分析方法,对淮河源区中更新世黄土、古土壤剖面含有的化学元素及多种化学元素指标进行了分析。研究表明:区内中更新世以来的气候变化,主要以湿热气候为主,淋溶及氧化作用较强;表现在气温上HT-1~HT-3的气温较低,HT-4~HT-7的气温高,HT-8的气温又相对较低,其变化趋势表现为中更新世经历了从早期寒冷转湿热转温干,中期凉干转暖湿到晚期温湿转暖湿。     

陆相页岩气的泥页岩评价——以延长下寺湾区上三叠统延长组长7段为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地的延长下寺湾区中生界延长组长7段陆相泥页岩为研究对象,在样品实验数据分析和单井岩心观察的基础上,根据泥页岩的发育与分布特点和有机地球化学特征对陆相页岩气的泥页岩进行评价.结果表明:延长下寺湾区延长组长7段泥页岩主要为浅湖—深湖相沉积,泥页岩累计厚度适宜,有机质类型以Ⅱ1为主,有机质丰度较高,具备页岩气生成的物质基础,有机质演化主要处于成熟阶段.分析美国海相产气页岩与中国陆相产气页岩的综合特征,长7段泥页岩脆性矿物质量分数大于25%,有利于储层的后期改造.相对美国储层物性较好的页岩,根据现场解析法测得的长7段泥页岩含气量较高(平均为4.5m3/t),埋深适中,分布稳定,具有勘探潜力和开发前景.     

广西江平盆地侏罗系层序地层特征

江平盆地侏罗系为一套内陆河湖相沉积,地层结构及岩性变化复杂。可分３个基本层序组,其变化特征,反映了中晚侏罗世江平盆地从扩张到萎缩时期沉积变化规律和沉积体系域变化过程,具有物源丰富、湖水浅、相变快等沉积特点,其层序地层及体系域特征与大陆边缘盆地相比有较大的差异。     

Altitudinal trends in δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C value,stomatal density and nitrogen content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabuliformis</Emphasis> needles on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains,China

In this study, a coniferous tree species (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) was investigated at a moderate-altitude mountainous terrain on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains (QLM) to detect the trends in carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C), leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and stomatal density (SD) with altitude variation in north-subtropical humid mountain climate zone of China. The results showed that LNC and SD both significantly increased linearly along the altitudinal gradient ranging from 1000 to 2200 m, whereas leaf δ¹³C exhibited a significantly negative correlation with the altitude. Such a correlation pattern differs obviously from that obtained in offshore low-altitude humid environment or inland high-altitude semi-arid environment, suggesting that the pattern of increasing δ¹³C with the altitude cannot be generalized. The negative correlation between δ¹³C and altitude might be attributed mainly to the strengthening of carbon isotope fractionation in plants caused by increasing precipitation with altitude. Furthermore, there was a remarkable negative correlation between leaf δ¹³C and LNC. One possible reason was that increasing precipitation that operates to increase isotopic discrimination with altitude overtook the LNC in determining the sign of leaf δ¹³C. The significant negative correlation between leaf δ¹³C and SD over altitudes was also found in the present study, indicating that increases in SD with altitude would reduce, rather than enhance plant δ¹³C values.