Paleoenvironmental changes recorded on UPPer Carboniferous reef in Guangxi,China

Based on detailed measurement in the field and a comPrehensive analysis of carbonate microfacies, the Pennsylvanian reefal microfacies characteristic and sedimentary environment from Longjiangdong,Guan...     

Phase evolution of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea: Benthic foraminiferal evidence from core C02

Assemblages of benthic foraminifera in a sediment core (C02) near the western margin of the southern Yellow Sea Mud were studied to decipher the phase evolution of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes associated with the Holocene marine transgression. It appears that during the early Holocene (11.2–10.1 kyr BP), the faunal was dominated by low salinity and shallow water species Cribrononion subincertum, Buccella frigida and Ammonia beccarii, reflecting a near coast depositional environment. A rapid increase of the relative abundance of Ammonia compressiuscula between 10.1–9.3 kyr BP indicates that the sea level rose rapidly during that time period. From 9.3–7.7 kyr BP, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage was dominated by high percentage of A. compressiscula, suggesting that the sea level was relatively stable. An obvious transition of benthic foraminifera, from the A. compressiuscula-dominated assemblage to an Ammonia ketienziensis-dominated assemblage, occurred between 7.7–6.2 kyr BP, possibly corresponding to a second sea level rapid rise period in the Yellow Sea during the Holocene. This transition may correspond to the gradually strengthened Yellow Sea warm current (YSWC) and finally is established the modern-type circulation in the Yellow Sea. It may also mark the formation of the Yellow Sea cold bottom water (YSCBW) during that period. Since then, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage based on core C02 was dominated by typical YSCBW species, A. ketienziensis, Astrononion italicum and Hanzawaia nipponica, at 6.2–4 kyr BP. A non-deposition period occurred since ～4 kyr BP, which possibly related to the hydrology changes caused by the East Asia monsoon. The two obvious benthic foraminiferal transitions recorded in core C02 during the early and middle Holocene provide evidence that the Yellow Sea has undergone a two-phase rapid sea level rise during the Holocene marine transgression.     

Environmental anomalies in the northeastern East China Sea during the last 3 000 years: implications for El Niño activity in the Holocene

To reconstruct the productivity changes for the last 10 500 a in the northeastern East China Sea (ECS), biogenic compounds (such as carbonate, organic carbon and opal), marine micropaleontological fossils (planktonic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, radiolarian and silicoflagellate) and the compositional characters of benthic foraminifera fauna analyses were carried out on a sediment core DOC082 obtained from the western slope of Okinawa Trough (29°13.93′N, 128°08.53′E; 1 128 m water depth). The long-term changes of biogenic and micropaleontological proxies display some similarities through the last 10 500 a, which show three different phases: lower values are recorded during the early and middle Holocene (before about 4 000 a BP), followed by an abrupt and remarkable increase at about 4 000 a BP, the late Holocene (after about 3 000 a BP) is characterized by continuously high values. The multi-proxy data of paleoproductivity and percents of benthic foraminifera genera (Uvigerina and Bulimina) show that during the early and middle Holocene (10 500–4 000 a BP) productivity was relatively low with a sudden and distinct increase at about 4 000 a BP, and the late Holocene (3 400–0 a BP) is marked by significantly higher productivity. Also, the radiolarian-based sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a distinct decline in SST in the late Holocene after 3 200 a BP, very different from the early and middle Holocene. For the last 3 000 a, the enhanced biological productivity and distinctly lower SST indicate a major change of oceanographic conditions in the northeastern ECS. These marine environmental anomalies are consistent with other paleoclimatic records for the late Holocene in the Chinese continent and its surrounding regions. After analyzing the mechanisms of modern productivity and SST changes in the northeastern ECS, and based on the climatic anomalies in the Chinese continent and variations in the Kuroshio Current during modern El Niño periods, we suggest that the anomalous environmental conditions in the northeastern ECS may imply intensified El Niño activity during the late Holocene.     

山东新汶煤田太原组底部徐家庄灰岩的微体古生物组合及时代探讨

通过对山东新汶煤田太原组底部徐家庄灰岩发育的有孔虫动物群和牙形石动物群的分析,鉴定出虫筵类有孔虫化石6属14种,非莛有孔虫7属16种,牙形石6属10种,建立一个有孔虫组合:Fusulinella-Fusulina组合;一个牙形石组合:Idiognathodusmagni ficus-Streptognathoduspa...     

Biostratigraphy of Asmari Formation in Ghare Agha seyed of Farsan region,Chaharmahale Bakhtiari Province,Iran

The Asmari Formation consists of shallow marine sedimentary rocks deposited on ramp setting .Lar-ger benthic foraminifera collected from Asmri Formation are dominated by hyaline and porcelanouse forms , in-cluding Amphistegina, Nummulites, Archaias, Astrotrillina, Miogypsinella, Miogypsinoides, Lepidocyclina, Operculina, Spiroclypeous and Miliolids.The presence of Nummulites cf.vascus in the lower part of the forma-tion allows the age to be determined as Rupelian .The occurrence of Borelis pygmae is an index taxon of the Ru-pelian-Chattian and indicates Early Chattian of SBZ 21-22 in the study section .The first appearance of Mio-gypsinella akadagensis shows Late Chattian ( SBZ 23) and defines the upper boundary of the SBZ 21-22.The new data are the first evidences showing that the shallow marine Asmari Formation is attributed to Oligocene (Rupelian-Chattian) age for this region.     

中国东部典型裂谷盆地构造活动特征及演化:以松辽盆地孤店断陷为例

孤店断陷为松辽盆地南部深层天然气勘探的有利区带,同时也记录了中国东部中-新生代板块运动和盆地演化的丰富信息。利用钻测井资料及高分辨率三维地震资料,并结合区域构造背景,对孤店断陷的地质结构及构造演化特征进行分析。结果表明孤店断陷在纵向上可以划分为基底构造层、下构造层、中构造层及上构造层。由于受到晚中生代以来太平洋板块向东亚板块的俯冲作用及区域构造应力场的影响,孤店断陷的构造演化过程可以划分为断陷期、断坳转换期、稳定坳陷期及构造反转期。孤店断陷的边界大断层(孤店断层)在断陷初始发育期(火石岭组-沙河子沉积期)表现为6段走向各不相同的小型孤立断层,在断陷晚期(营城组沉积期)经过生长、连接而形成统一的断陷边界,并在断坳转换期(登娄库组-泉头组沉积期)和坳陷期(青山口组-嫩江组沉积期)发生广泛而强烈的张扭活动,以及在构造反转期(嫩江组沉积末期)发生强烈反转和分段差异逆冲活动。研究结果可以为松辽盆地以及中国东部地区的构造活动及演化研究提供参考,并进一步指导油气勘探。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长区块延长组长6-长7段深水重力流沉积特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长区块的延长组长6-长7段发育厚层无沉积构造的块状砂岩,具有良好的油气显示和开发效益,然而关于该套砂岩的形成机制尚不清晰。确定长6-长7段砂岩的沉积相及沉积模式,对于该套低渗砂岩储层"甜点"形成机制的理解,"甜点"分布模式的预测,以及后续勘探开发都具有重要的指导意义。对彬长区块36口取心井的长6-长7段1 024 m长的岩心进行了沉积学特征描述,结合粒度分析资料及地质制图分析,确定了该套厚层砂岩的沉积相及沉积模式。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长区块的延长组长6-长7段砂岩共发育15种岩相和3种主要沉积微相类型,即:砂质碎屑流、浊积岩和震积滑塌岩微相,以及它们在空间上的3类组合关系。其深水重力流沉积模式可以概括为扇根（坡折带斜坡上半部分）的震积滑塌相-砂质碎屑流亚相（沉积组合）、扇中（斜坡中下部位-坡脚）的砂质碎屑流-浊积岩沉积亚相（沉积组合）和扇端（坡脚-盆底）浊积砂等亚相（沉积组合）。通过对彬长区块延长组长6-长7段发育的致密砂岩沉积特征的分析与讨论,确定了该厚层块状砂岩的主要沉积相及沉积微相的特征及分布,为致密砂岩储层的高效开发及"甜点"预测提供了科学依据与良好借鉴。      

泌阳凹陷安棚油田深层系沉积相及对油气分布的控制作用

以安棚油田深层系岩心分析资料及大量测井、录井、生产动态资料为基础，通过各类沉积相标志分析，研究了安棚油田深层系储集层的沉积相类型及沉积相特征，认为该区深层系为近源扇三角洲沉积，并将其划分为上扇、中扇、下扇、扇缘，扇外为半深湖-深湖，并建立了深层系扇三角洲沉积模式。在此基础上，对沉积相与油气分布关系进行分析，结果表明，不同沉积相带物性及含油气性差异明显，中扇物性好，是油气聚集的有利相带；下扇、扇缘等微相相对较差。     

Upper Cretaceous alluvial fan deposits in the Jianglangshan Geopark of Southeast China: implications for bedrock control on Danxia landform evolution

The Jianglangshan Geopark in the western Zhejiang Province of Southeast China is well-known for its spectacular red-colored sandstone landforms. Little is known about the depositional processes of the conglomerate-dominated Fangyan Formation, the lithologic base of the Danxia landforms in this geopark. Based on detailed field investigation of lithology, sedimentary structures, bed thickness and geometry, five facies are recognized: facies A (matrix-supported cobble conglomerate), facies B (pebble conglomerate), facies C (pebbly sandstone), facies D (fine-grained sandstone) and facies E (mudstone). The results show that streamflow-dominated fans were the main depositional processes responsible for the accumulation of the Fangyan Formation along the mountain fronts. These fan conglomerates form the base for the evolution of the Danxia landscapes owing to the uplift and erosion of the study area. In contrast, the fine-grained sedimentary successions produced by fluvial floodplains in the distal part of the fans were thinner and more easily weathered. Such sedimentary facies distribution patterns were thought to be similar during Late Cretaceous across Southeast China. The Danxia landforms are largely the geographical expressions of the conglomerate-dominated redbeds in the proximal-middle fans.     

Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Quangtang Basin, Xizang (Tibet), China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies, platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time. The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future. Sponsored by National ‘Ninth Five Year Plan’ Science and Technology Project (970204-01-01).     

大巴山区寒武系的研究

扬子区北缘大巴山地区的寒武系在米仓山小区和城口—巫溪小区广泛发育。由于司上—万源隆起的分隔,两小区寒武系发育特点有明显差异。米仓山小区的下塞武统自下而上发育有宽川铺段、郭家坝组、仙女洞组、阎王碥组和孔明洞组;中统仅发育在该区的东南部,有陡坡寺组;上统普遍缺失。城口—巫溪小区寒武系发育较全,自下而上为下统的火烧店组、水井沱组、石牌组、天河板组和石龙洞组;中统的石溪河群和上统的三游洞群。米仓山小区的寒武系因沧浪铺期后汉南古陆不断扩大,沉积盆地自西向东缩小致使西部地层缺失比东部要多。     

Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Qangtang Basin, Xizang （Tibet）, China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies,platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time.The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future.     

Evolution of Palaeoenvironment of the South Yellow Sea Since the Last Deglaciation

The sediments in core YS01 recovered from the South Yellow Sea mud deposit zone contain abundant benthic foraminifera, particularly shallow continental shelf species, but rare of planktonic foraminifera. The benthic foraminifera are dominated by stenohaline cold shallow-water species and euryhaline brackish-water species. In this paper, the palaeoenvironmental changes were discussed based on the grain-size compositions and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Six different benthic foraminiferal assemblages were discriminated by species analysis from the foraminiferal fauna. According to AMS~(14)C dating data in core YS01, we identified four main stages of marine environmental changes since the last deglaciation: a near-shore depositional stage(13.1 – 9.5 kyr B.P.), a transitional stage from near-shore deposition to shallow-sea deposition(9.5 – 5.6 kyr B.P.), a high sea level stage with shallow-sea deposition(5.6–2.9 kyr B.P.), and a stable shallow-sea depositional stage(2.9 kyr B.P. to the present).     

试论鲁中南地区下寒武统五山组沉积环境及岩相古地理

近几年来,我们在鲁中南地区开展了区域地质调查,对下寒武统五山组沉积环境及岩相古地理进行了专题研究,本文就是根据这一部分研究成果而写成的。由于水平有限,谬误难免,诚望指正。一、概述     

NGS-metabarcoding revealing novel foraminiferal diversity in the Western Pacific Magellan Seamount sediments

Seamount is a unique deep-sea ecosystem widely distributed in the world.Its biodiversity is vibrant due to its specific geographical and hydrological conditions.However,the diversity and features of foraminifera in such an environment have rarely been studied.We extracted environmental DNA(eDNA) in sedime nts and amplified the partial small subunit ribo somal DNA(SSU rDNA) of fo raminife ra to understand the foraminiferal diversity from four sites in Magellan Seamount(Western Pacific Ocean).Partial S SU rDNA sequencing was conducted and 912 979 foraminiferal reads were obtained and gathered into 266 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).In the available dataset,a high proportion of rare OTUs and low identity OTUs in each studied sample showed that the Magellan Seamount foraminiferal community might have a high genetic novelty.The relative abundance of foraminifera varied between replicates probably due to the existence of bias in amplification process and patchiness of the deep-sea floor.It showed that the Magellan Seamount has a relatively high benthic foraminiferal diversity characterized mainly by monothalamiids(76.37% of total reads) in association with rotaliids(19.03 % of total reads),including planktic foraminiferal sequences(38.58% of rotaliids;7.36% of total reads).The remaining reads were assigned to miliolids(0.83 % of total reads) and textulariids(0.66% of total reads),and 3.11% of total reads are unassigned to a specific family.The co mparative analysis with foraminiferal assemblage s from coastal and deep-sea environme nts indicated that seamounts could aggregate species from a nearby deep-sea.     

Sedimentary facies of the subaqueous Changjiang River delta since the late Pleistocene

The sedimentary facies of the subaqueous Changjiang(Yangtze) River delta since the late Pleistocene was studied based on lithology and foraminifera analysis for two boreholes,CJK07 and CJK11,along with14C dating.Four sedimentary facies were identified,namely fluvial,tidal flat,offshore,and prodelta facies.The fluvial sedimentary facies is comprised of fluvial channel lag deposits,fluvial point bar deposits,and floodplain deposits,showing a fining-upward sequence in general with no benthic foraminifera.A layer of stiff clay overlies the fluvial deposits in core CJK07,indicating a long-term exposure environment during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM).During the postglacial sea-level rise around 13-7.5 cal ka BP,the tidal flat facies was deposited in core CJK11,characterized by abundant silt-clay couplets.Euryhaline species dominate the subtidal flat foraminiferal assemblages,while almost no foraminifera was found in the intertidal flat.The offshore environment was the major sedimentary environment when the sea level reached its highest level around 7.5 cal ka BP,with a maximum accumulation rate of 10 mm/a found in core CJK11.Prodelta sediments have been deposited in core CJK11 since ~3 cal ka BP,after the formation of the Changjiang River delta.The difference in sedimentary facies between core CJK07 and CJK11 is due to their location: core CJK07 was in an interfluve while core CJK11 was in an incised valley during the LGM.Furthermore,AMS14C dating of core CJK07 shows poor chronological order,indicating that the sediments were reworked by strong tidal currents and that sediment deposited since ~7.7 cal ka BP in core CJK07 was eroded away by modern hydrodynamic forces caused by the southward shift of the Changjiang River delta depocenter.     

桂北额头村组-英塘组有孔虫带的建立及意义

桂北地区浅水碳酸盐台地上泥盆统额头村组-下石炭统英塘组有孔虫十分丰富,可划分为10个组合带,每个带均可进行大范围对比,是研究泥盆系/石炭系界线及建立以有孔虫谱系演化特征为标准的杜内阶/维宪阶界线的重要依据.     

Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of a Paleocene-Eocene salt lake in the Jiangling Depression,China

We studied the sedimentary characteristics of a Paleocene-Eocene salt lake in the Jiangling Depression through field core observation,thin section identification,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis.On the basis of sedimentary characteristics we have summarized the petrological and mineralogical characteristics of the salt lake and proposed 9 types of grade IV salt rhythms.The deposition shows a desalting to salting order of halite-argillaceous-mudstone-mud dolostonemud anhydrock-glauberite-halite.The relationship among grade IV rhythms,water salinity and climate fluctuations was analyzed.Based on the analysis of the relationship between boron content and mudstone color and by combining the mineralogy and sedimentary environment characteristics,we propose that the early and late Paleocene Shashi Formation in the Jiangling Depression was a paleolacustrine depositional environment with a high salt content,which is a representation of the shallow water salt lake depositional model.The middle Paleocene Shashi Formation and the early Eocene Xingouzui Formation were salt and brackish sedimentary environments with low salt content in a deep paleolake,which represents a deep salt lake depositional model.