用改性粘土去除赤潮生物的优化条件研究

自１９９５年５月９日－８月２９日,每周量次采集了青岛城阳区上马镇对虾养殖池的水样并进行生物鉴定。结果表明,７月４日和７月１１日该养殖场的北场３号小池水中浮游植物总量已达到赤潮密度,其优势藻种分别为三角褐指藻（Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｎｕｔｕｍ）、裸甲藻（Ｇｙｍｎｉｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｓｐ．）（７月４日）和三角褐指藻（Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｎｕｔｕｍ）、新月菱形藻（Ｎｉｔｚ     

南麂列岛附近海域的浮游植物和赤潮生物

１９９０年４月和１０月在南麂列岛附近海域进行了两个航次的浮游植物采样调查，共检出浮游植物９７种，隶属于３６属。春季同样浮游植物的平均丰度为２９．７×１０４个／ｍ３，水样浮游植物平均丰度达５２７６０×１０４个／ｍ３。优势种有三鳍原角藻Ｐｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍｔｒｉｅｓｔｉｎｉｕｍ、夜光藻Ｎｏｃｔｉｌｕｃａｓｃｉｎｔｉｌｌａｎｓ和威氏圆筛藻Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｗａｉｌｅｓｉｉ。秋季浮游植物同样的平均丰度为３２．５×１０４个／ｍ３；水样浮游植物平均丰度为９２８×１０４个／ｍ３。优势类群有角刺藻Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓｓｐｐ、圆筛藻Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｐｐ、角藻Ｃｅｒａｔｉｕｍｓｐｐ、海毛藻Ｔｈａｌａｓｓｉｏｔｈｒｉｘｓｐｐ、根管藻Ｒｈｉｚｏｓｏｌｅｎｉａｓｐｐ、骨条藻Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ等。该海区春秋两季均存在多种赤潮生物。     

厦门港微型浮游生物叶绿素的分布和作用

于１９８９年２月－１９９０年２月，运用分光光度法对厦门港各大小类群浮游生物叶绿素测定结果表明，微型浮游生物（３－２０μｍ）是初极生产者中的最主要组成者（叶绿素α平均占７４．７％）；小型（２０－２０μｍ）和极微型（＜３μｍ）浮游生物不是重要类（平均占１８．０和７．３％）。因此认为，在浮游植物定量研究中用采水方法采集浮游植物比用网采方法更客观。微型浮游生物量季节变化明显，夏季＞春季＞秋、冬季。     

象山港中、西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级、叶绿素a和初级生产力

１９９４年１０月结合水色遥感光谱实验,对象山港中、西部浮游植物细胞丰度、优势种类、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力的分布做了现场观测。表层水中共鉴定出浮游植物２４种,隶属３门１７属,细胞丰度为１．０５×１０４±１．１４×１０４个／ｄｍ３;叶绿素ａ浓度为１．０７±０．５９μｇ／ｄｍ３,潜在初级生产力为３．８６±３．６０ｍｇＣ／（ｍ３·ｈ）。港区西部的浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力均高于港区中部;表层叶绿素ａ浓度高于中层和底层。浮游植物细胞粒径分级结果表明,微型和微微型浮游植物细胞（＜２０μｍ）对总叶绿素ａ的贡献占８６％,对初级生产力的贡献占８９％;小型浮游植物细胞（＞２０μｍ）对总叶绿素ａ的贡献占１４％,对初级生产力的贡献占１１％。     

共骅港—期工程疏浚物倾倒预选区的浮游生物调查

分析了１９９５年１０月黄骅港一期工程疏浚物倾倒预选区浮游生物调查样品和资料。结果表明,调查区的浮游植物是以圆筛藻（Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃｕｓ ｓｐｐ．）等为优势种的近岸广温生态群,浮游动物是以强壮箭虫（Ｓａｇｉｔｔａ ｃｒａｓｓａ）等为优势种的近岸低盐生态群,且浮游生物的种类和数量都很丰富。文中还对疏浚施工提出了加强对疏浚船只倾倒到位率监督,根据海洋生物繁殖季节调整疏浚活动等措施,以最大限度地减小     

3种海洋养殖贝类体内的脂肪酸组成

分析了华贵栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ（Ｒｅｅｖｅ）、合浦珠母贝Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｍａｔｅｎｓｉｉ（Ｄｕｕｋｅｒ）、翡翠贻贝Ｐｅｒｎａｖｉｒｌｄｉｓ（Ｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ）的软体部、肝胰腺和生殖腺的脂肪酸组成及含量。３种贝的各组织中,不饱和脂肪酸含量均较饱和脂肪酸含量高。多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）含量丰富,其中二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）含量相当高,占总脂肪的２５．２６％－２７．２１％。３种贝中,翡翠贻贝的油含量最高（１３．６８％）,软体部的ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ含量也较高（２６．９５％）,最具开发利用价值。     

厦门岛周围海域浮游植物的种类组成及丰度

厦门岛周围海域浮游植物４个季度月（１９９０年２－１１月）的调查结果表明：本海区被鉴定到种的浮游植物共１４１种，其中硅藻门１２５种，是浮游植物的主要门类。在数量组成中占绝对优势的有中肋骨条藻（６２．８７％）和旋链角刺藻（１７．５７％）。中肋骨条的密集区在河港湾，旋链角刺则在沿岸；浮游植物细胞总量和种类数的季节分布，年高峰在夏季，次高峰是春季；４季合计河口区的种类最多。文中还与１９８９年西海域浮游植物     

厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物的时空分布及其调控机制

分别于１９９７年１０月与１９９８年４月,研究了厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成,时空分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：厦门西侧涨域微微型浮游植物在类群组成和丰度分布上存在的着在的时空变动;在类群组成上,富含藻蓝素的蓝细菌（ＰＣ细胞）在大多则站占优势（秋、春平均分别为７８％、４１％）,而真核微微型浮游植物（ＥＵ细胞）在九龙江口占优势（秋季高达８０％～１００％）;在丰度分布上,ＰＣ和富含藻红素的蓝细菌（ＰＥ细胞）呈秋季大于春季,而ＥＵ细胞秋春季则相近。与环境因子的回归分析表明,盐度是影响厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成和丰度的关键因子,但其与细胞丰度的相关关系因季节不同而异;结果还表明,厦门西海域微微型浮游植物类群组成的多样性与该海域的异质性有关。     

湛江港浮标污损生物生态研究

１９９１年在湛江港进行浮标污损生物调查。该海区污损生物的种类组成共９３种，附着厚度２１—７１ｍｍ，湿重３．１０—７２．５３ｋｇ／ｍ２，覆盖面积９８％─１００％。优势种为网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ、变化短齿蛤Ｂｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎｔｅｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ、刺巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｖｏｌｃａｎｏ、钟巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｌｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍｔｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍ和翡翠贻贝Ｐｅｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ。位于不同位置的浮标，其污损生物群落组成和生物量不同，同一浮标的不同部位（体侧，底部，尾外侧，尾管内）的污损生物也有一定差别。     

海藻工具酶研究I.褐藻酸降解菌的分离鉴定及其褐藻酸酶形成条件研究

海带、裙带菜病烂处分离得到５株褐藻酸降解菌，经鉴定属于埃氏交替单胞菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｅｓｐｅｊｉａｎａ）（菌株Ａ１０１、Ａ１０２，Ａ１０３、Ａ１０５）、麦氏交替单胞菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｍａｃｌｅｏｄｉｉ）（菌株Ａ１０４）．菌株Ａ１０２发酵培养时，褐藻酸形成条件的研究表明，培养基含０．３％～０．６％的褐藻酸钠，０．５％的蛋白胨，ｐＨ７．５，装量为５００ｃｍ３三角瓶装２００ｃｍ３培养基，在２５℃下培养１４４ｈ较为适宜。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.