贵港近50年寒露风发生规律分析及对晚稻的影响

根据贵港气象观测站近50年的9月、10月逐日平均气温、最低气温、雨日资料,对贵港的寒露风气候特征进行统计分析,找出贵港寒露风天气过程发生的基本规律。结果表明:贵港出现寒露风天气的平均日期为10月17日,最早日期9月20日,出现的概率达到86%,其中湿冷型寒露风天气过程占59%,中度和重度等级寒露风天气分别占28%、24%。同时结合贵港晚稻的生长发育期,研究寒露风对贵港晚稻的影响,提出有效的预防措施。     

影响“12121”气象声讯电话拨打量的因素分析

利用山东省气象科技服务中心2008年＂12121＂气象声讯电话自动答询系统数据和同期的气象资料,统计分析了济南市＂12121＂拨打量与气象条件的关系。结果表明：拨打量的季节性变化呈现冬季低、夏季高、春秋两季相近的特征;主要天气过程的平均日拨打量多数高于全年平均日拨打量,其中,暴雨天气过程对＂12121＂拨打量影响最大,高温天气过程的拨打量明显高于低温天气过程;节假日期间日平均拨打量一般低于当月日平均拨打量;重大社会活动期间拨打量有激增现象。     

冬季气温急剧升、降日期与东北夏季低温的联系

利用通化市所属5个气象站1954—2006年日平均温度组成的区域平均时间序列资料、季平均温度资料,分析了短期气温的剧烈变化(本文称之为寒潮和气温骤升)与后期季温度异常的关系,结果发现,冬季短期气温的剧烈变化与后期春、夏季气温距平存在联系,表现在一些特定的寒潮(或气温骤升)爆发日期段总是与后期季的高或低温相对应。在一定的年代背景下,一些日期段还与极端季温度距平存在明显的联系。与后期气温异常联系明显的寒潮爆发、气温骤升日期段存在着周期性,与春季低温对应明显的寒潮爆发日期有5 d的时间间隔;与春季低温对应明显的气温骤升的日期存在着9~11 d的周期,且随着日期的变化,爆发日期之间的间隔有规律的延长和缩短。一些寒潮爆发和气温骤升日期与东北夏季低温冷害存在明显的联系。     

用多因子相关点聚图作春播烂秧天气结束期趋势预报

一、烂秧天气结束期标准 2月中旬至4月上旬日平均气温小于或等于12.0度连续三天或以上最后一次低温阴雨过程结束日期。 二、选取预报因子 根据气象要素多年平均值,以距平符号选取上年度相关机率≥75％的预报因子10个: 〈1〉X_1上年11月平均气温,简记为: T_(11)。 〈2〉X_2:上年4月NE风平均风速,简记为:V_4NE 〈3〉X_3:上年7月平均水汽压,简记为:     

低温阴雨天气分析及中短期预报

本文主要通过对低温阴雨天气统计分析,确定有低温过程的环流特征。在关键区每天作环流指数和温度距平曲线,利用环流指数峰值及温度距平谷值特点,判断低温过程的出现日期;运用850HPa关键区三站温度代数和及地面两组气压差,作低温阴雨开始和结束期的短期预报指标。     

松花江段哈尔滨站秋季流凌气候特征和预报指标研究

利用2010-2014年11月1-25日的日平均气温、日最低气温和相关的天气图资料,对松花江流凌天气进行了分析,总结出松花江段哈尔滨站的流凌预报指标和流凌出现的平均日期以及易出现流凌的三种天气学模型,对今后做流凌预报有很实用的参考作用。     

东北冷涡降水集中期的客观识别研究

基于区域关键天气过程客观化识别和监测的需求及东北雨季应包括冷涡降水的事实,采用东北三省及内蒙古东四盟共147站逐日降水量资料,通过对东北区域多年平均5点平滑处理的逐日降水量序列的综合分析及对历年逐日滑动平均雨量的对比试验,确定了判别东北冷涡降水集中期开始日期的阈值及持续时间,进而研制了东北冷涡降水集中期开始日期的客观识别方法。基于该方法的客观识别,得到1981-2010年气候平均态的东北冷涡降水集中期的开始日期为每年的5月26日。同时,定义盛夏降水集中期开始日的前一日为冷涡降水集中期的结束日期,发现冷涡降水集中期的结束日期为6月25日。在此基础上,采用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析的风场、位势高度场资料,通过对东北冷涡降水集中期前、中和后期各层大气环流场及各系统的逐日变化特征的对比分析,验证了该客观识别方法的合理性。     

广西春季回暖天气的预报

回暖天气是每年春季我区早稻播种育秧时期,广大农民群众最关心的问题之一,它和低温阴雨天气一样,也是我区广大气象工作者在春播天气预报中必须考虑的问题。报准了回暖开始日期及其维持时间,就能减少或避免早稻烂秧,使农民得到直接的经济效益。     

南阳市低温天气成因分析

1999年 12月 2 0～ 2 3日 ,南阳市出现≤ - 10℃的低温天气 ,最低的镇平县达到 - 13.7℃。低温天气不仅对小麦和蔬菜造成一定的冻害 ,而且给工作和生活带来诸多不便。因此 ,做好低温天气的成因分析 ,对于提高预报质量和防灾减灾具有十分重要的意义。1　低温出现的时间统计了南阳市 1970～ 1999年气象资料 ,结果发现 ,低温天气最早出现的时间是 12月 9日 (1975年 ) ,最晚是 2月 2 0日 (1985年 )。因此 ,12月上旬至次年 2月中旬是南阳市低温的发生时间。2　低温天气的成因分析低温前 1～ 2天的高空天气形势有两类 :第一类是亚洲盛行强的经向环…     

平安地区自建站以来冻土变化规律分析

利用1989—2013年平安区气象局冻土资料,分析了25a平安地区季节性冻土变化情况。平安区冻土开始日期逐渐延后,1989—2000年,平均开始日期为11月1日,2001—2013年,平均开始日期为11月8日,平均开始时间推迟了7d。冻土结束日期提前,2000年以前的平均解冻日期是3月21日,2000年以后的平均解冻日期是3月8日,解冻时间提前了13d。冻土持续时间缩短了21d。平均冻土深度和最大冻土深度均减小,其中平均冻土深度从2000年以前的93.5cm减少至2000年以后的88.5cm。平均深度减小了5cm。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.