Caractérisation géométrique et cinématique des structures liées aux phases compressives de l'Éocène au Quaternaire inférieur en Tunisie : exemple de la Tunisie nord-orientale

During Eocene to Early Quaternary period, three compressive tectonic phases are recognized in Northeast Tunisia: a NW–SE to north–south phase during the Late Eocene, a N120-to-N140 phase in the Late Miocene, and a NW–SE to north–south phase in the Plio-Early Quaternary. The first Eocene phase has built NE–SW folds and remobilised east–west-to-N120 and NE–SW faults with a reverse component. The second Miocene phase is characterized by east–west-to-N120 faults with a normal component and NE–SW folds. The third phase occurred during the Plio-Early Quaternary has edified NE–SW folds associated with east–west-to-N120 dextral reverse strike-slip faults and NE–SW faults with a reverse component. To cite this article: H. Mzali, H. Zouari, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

鄂西弧形构造变形特征及成因机制

对川东-湘鄂西断褶带内鄂西地区的弧形构造,从构造剖面特征、叠加褶皱样式和断裂性质入手进行几何学和运动学分析。结果发现鄂西弧形构造具有多期变形特征:早期普遍为北东东向的直线型褶皱,随着弧形带扩展,在东、西两翼分别发育右行和左行的逆冲-走滑断裂,同时分别形成北北东向和北西西向的弧形褶皱。晚期弧形带中部发育北北东向构造并叠加改造了早期北东东和北西西向褶皱,同时在黄陵背斜以西还发育交切早期构造的北北西向仙女山右行走滑断裂。根据弧形带扩展的几何学-运动学分类原则,并结合前人的古地磁研究结果,推测鄂西弧形构造应属于构造弯曲形成的弯曲弧。区域滑脱层和黄陵隆起阻挡可能是控制弧形样式的主要原因。区域滑脱层控制了拆离滑脱褶皱的构造样式; 黄陵基底隆起的阻挡作用使弧形带东翼进一步弯曲变形,并导致了构造应力场方向发生改变,造成了晚期北北东向与早期北东东向构造的叠加。由此恢复的鄂西弧形构造变形过程对于揭示川东-湘鄂西断褶带构造演化具有重要的指示意义。     

内蒙古狼山地区南北向断裂构造应力场特征及其与区域构造演化关系

内蒙古狼山地区断裂构造十分复杂,主要发育有南北、东西、北东和北西走向的断裂构造.从南北向断裂的几何形态、运动性质、构造应力场特征入手进行研究,结合野外实地调查与测量,运用极射赤平投影方法,求出构造应力场的主应力轴方位,进而对本区的构造演化进行了探讨.初步认为,研究区发育的近南北向断裂至少受到过两期构造应力场的作用,第一期是在晚二叠世,由于华北克拉通向北、西伯利亚板块向南活动而形成碰撞拼贴运动所产生的近南北向近水平挤压构造应力场,此时构造应力场的主应力轴σ₁为北偏东10°左右,向北倾伏,倾伏角为15°~20°.在这一期构造应力场的作用下,狼山地区发育了一套破裂系统,它们分别表现为近东西走向的挤压构造带和逆断层、近北东走向的以左行为主的走滑断层、近北西走向的以右行为主的走滑断层以及近南北走向的张性断层.这些早期的断裂系统也制约着该区域后来的构造活动,第二期构造应力场是侏罗纪以来古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆俯冲而产生的.此构造应力场的主应力轴σ₁为北西-南东向,倾伏向为150°左右,倾伏角为10°~20°.第二期构造应力场的作用,使早期南北向断裂由原来的张性破裂面转为左行走滑,早期东西向断裂转为右行走滑,早期北东向左行滑动面转为压性面和褶皱轴方向,而早期的北西向破裂面则转为张性破裂性质.      

A geomorphic framework for understanding the surface archaeological record in arid environments

The Narcao and Cixerri basins in Southwestern Sardinia are east-west trending basins of Oligocene age. Recent geological mapping, combined with structural and stratigraphical analyses, support the proposed hypothesis that these basins were very open growth synclines confined within a structural high, delimited by northwest trending dextral strike slip faults. Previously the basins have been interpreted as fault-bounded grabens. The newer revised interpretation is consistent with the existence of NNW trending dextral strike-slip dynamic, related to a north-south shortening which has generated reverse faulting and tight folds in the underlying, pre-synclinal evolution, Eocene succession. This deformation, along with an interfering sub-orthogonal thrust and fold system which affects the Mesozoic sequence, was traditionally linked to the Pyrenean Orogenesis. The Oligocene–Aquitanian shortening, which resulted in the growth synclines and strike-slip faulting, is consistent with the structural development recognized in north-central Sardinia; there structures related to the collision between continental margins that resulted in the Northern Apennines are well documented. Therefore, the Oligocene tectonics of Southwestern Sardinia also must be related to the collision event between the Southern Europe margin (i.e. a crustal sector corresponding to the future Corsica-Sardinia block) and the Adria Plate, which generated the Northern Apennines. Conversely, the previous E-W shortening- related structures must be related to Pyrenean tectonics.     

Late Precambrian series and structures in the Navalpino Variscan Anticline (Central Iberian Peninsula)

The Navalpino Anticline is a major Variscan structure in the Central Iberian Zone of Spain. Three lithological groups are defined in the pre-Ordovician rocks of this anticline. The Rifean or Lower Vendian Extremeño Dome Group is unconformably overlain by the Upper Vendian Ibor-Navalpino Group. This latter group presents two different facies separated by a NW-SE trending synsedimentary fault. The Lower Cambrian Valdelacasa Group unconformably overlies both the Extremeno Dome and the Ibor-Navalpino Groups.Three pre-Variscan episodes of deformation have been defined in the area of the Navalpino Anticline. A major asymmetrical fold with a subvertical east-west-striking limb is the result of the first deformation event of pre-Late Vendian age. The second deformation event is of Cadomian (Late Precambrian) age and is composed of two stages; (i) an early extensional stage including NW - SE trending extensional fault and basin development in the north-eastern block; and (ii) a second compressive stage giving rise to north-south trending upright folds. This second compressive stage possibly inverted the basin. A final pre-Variscan deformation event took place between the Early Cambrian and the Early Ordovician resulting in a 5–10° tilting to the north-east.There are two main phases of Variscan deformation in the area. The first deformation event (D_v1) gave rise to a upright WNW - ESE trending folds on all scales, whereas the second (D_v2) gave rise to a brittle—ductile sinistral strike-slip shear zone tending subparallel to the axial trace of the D_v1 folds.     

Structural styles and tectonic evolution of the Kolia-Boboti sedimentary Basin,Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier,eastern Senegal

New structural data obtained on the Birimian terranes of the Kolia-Boboti sedimentary Basin, the eastern part of the Dialé-Daléma Supergroup in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier show two major phases of Eburnean compressional deformation: (1) a D1 phase of thrusting tectonics affected the Lower Birimian B1 tourmalinized sediments. This first tectonic phase is characterized by isoclinals overturned to recumbent folds P1 with N040° 20°NE trending axis, associated with axial plane schistosity S₀S₁ which is mainly transposed in the bedding; (2) a D2 phase of compressional (D2a) and transpressional (D2b) tectonics is responsible for the crossfolds P2a-P2b exhibiting curved axes. These P2 folds are associated with the major schistosity S₂, north-south to SW-NE trending, mainly dipping to the south-east. The S₂ schistosity is mostly displayed in the large shear zones corridors where it steeply dips locally toward the north-west. A north-west vergence thrusting phase (D2c) of flats and ramps, associated with reverse folds, represents the last Eburnean event. This geometrical feature is characteristic of a “positive flower structure”. These different Eburnean compressional phases are separated by extensional deformation which is characterized by sedimentary deposits and volcanic flows.     

燕山北部崇礼-隆化-阜新构造带形变特征及其控矿作用

崇礼-隆化-阜新构造带是燕山北部重要的控岩控矿构造。晚华力西期-印支期,该构造带以韧性剪切变形为主,形成一系列近EW向断续分布的韧性剪切带。燕山期,该构造带以韧脆性-脆性断裂变形为主,在早期韧性剪切变形的基础上叠加一系列同方向的高角度压性-压扭性逆冲断裂。喜马拉雅期,该构造带仍有一定的继承性活动,以张扭性-扭性断裂活动为主。
崇礼-隆化-阜新构造带对金矿化分布有明显的制约作用。在空间上,该构造带控制了张家口-隆化-阜新金矿带及其中5个金矿化集中区的展布;在时间上,该构造带不同类型的形变伴有不同类型的金矿化。该构造带与NE向、NW向断裂带的复合部位是金矿成矿的有利部位.      

雪峰造山带北段地质构造特征——以慈利—安化走廊剖面为例

以慈利—安化走廊带为例, 对雪峰造山带北段西部地质构造特征进行了调查研究。研究表明, 雪峰造山带在廊带上可分为北部武陵断弯褶皱带和南部雪峰基底拆离带。武陵断弯褶皱带内主要发育北东东—东西向褶皱和同走向逆断裂, 另有少量北东向和北北西向右行平移断裂、北东东—东西向正断裂; 雪峰基底拆离带发育东西—北东向褶皱和同走向逆断裂、正断裂以及少量北东向平移断裂。武陵断弯褶皱带变形主要受控于板溪群底界面向北的滑脱及其导生的逆冲; 雪峰基底拆离带变形主要受控于切穿冷家溪群褶皱基底的断裂拆离与逆冲, 拆离与逆冲的方向总体由南向北, 但南缘总体逆冲方向指向南, 从而组成背冲构造样式。上述褶皱和断裂形成于武陵运动、加里东运动、印支运动、早燕山运动等挤压事件, 白垩纪伸展事件, 古近纪中晚期区域北东—北北东向挤压以及古近纪末—新近纪初北西向挤压等构造事件, 其中以加里东运动和印支运动形成的褶皱和同走向逆断裂最为重要。雪峰造山带北段与中段—南段一样具背冲构造样式, 但受加里东期近南北向挤压的区域大地构造背景影响, 北段逆冲、增厚和抬升作用的强度与幅度更大。      

塔中北坡“复合花状”构造发育特征及成因机制

学者们对塔中北坡走滑断层的活动期次和发育时间以及形成机制展开过一些研究,但尚未达成共识.近期高品质三维地震资料的获得,有助于对该区走滑断层展开更详细的研究.基于三维地震数据的解释,发现塔中北坡发育一系列下断穿寒武系基底、上断至中泥盆统的NNE向走滑断裂.地震剖面上显示多数走滑断裂几何学形态复杂,以上奥陶统为界,断裂呈现下部"正花状"与上部"负花状"相互叠置的"复合花状"构造样式.三维地震相干切片显示,下部断裂呈NNE向线性延伸且只分布于主位移带附近;上部断裂为NW走向,整体上呈现为右阶雁列排布.根据界面沿断层局部"隆升"高度的分析以及断层生长指数的计算可知,下部断层形成时间不早于晚奥陶世,上部雁列正断层的发育时间为中志留-中泥盆世.结合塔里木盆地周缘构造背景分析,认为下部基底断层可能发育于晚奥陶世,与古昆仑洋强烈俯冲碰撞作用相关;上部雁列断层的形成可能受控于下部基底走滑断层的活化,与阿尔金域强烈的褶皱造山作用相关.      

Characteristics of tectonic deformation of the melange zone in the Lachlan Orogen along eastern coast of Australia

The Narooma-Batemans Bay (NBB) area along the southeast coast of Australia is a part of the eastern zone of the Early Paleozoic Lachlan Orogen. In the NBB, a set of rock association consisting of turbidites, siliceous rock, basic lava, and argillaceous melange zone is mainly developed. According to systematic field geological survey, the deformation of 3 stages (D1, D2, and D3) was identified in the NBB. At stage D1, with the original bedding S0 in a nearly east-west trending as the deformation plane, tight folds, isoclinal folds, and other structures formed in the NBB accompanied by structural transposition. As a result, crenulation cleavage developed along the axial plane of the folds and schistosity S1 formed. At stage D2, with north-south-trending schistosity S1 as the deformation plane, a large number of asymmetrical folds and rotated porphyroclasts formed owing to thrusting and shear. At stage D3, left-lateral strike-slip occurred along the main north-south-trending schistosity. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of tectonic deformation in the NBB and summary of previous research results, it is determined that the early-stage (D1) deformation is related to Ordovician Macquarie arc-continent collision and the deformation at stages D2 and D3 is the result of the westward subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate. That is, it is not the continuous westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate that constitutes the evolution model of the NBB as previously considered.     

Tectonics of the Northern Bresse region (France) during the Alpine cycle

Combining fieldwork and surface data, we have reconstructed the Cenozoic structural and tectonic evolution of the Northern Bresse. Analysis of drainage network geometry allowed to detect three major fault zones trending NE–SW, E–W and NW–SE, and smooth folds with NNE trending axes, all corroborated with shallow well data in the graben and fieldwork on edges. Cenozoic paleostress succession was determined through fault slip and calcite twin inversions, taking into account data of relative chronology. A N–S major compression, attributed to the Pyrenean orogenesis, has activated strike-slip faults trending NNE along the western edge and NE–SW in the graben. After a transitional minor E–W trending extension, the Oligocene WNW extension has structured the graben by a collapse along NNE to NE–SW normal faults. A local NNW extension closes this phase. The Alpine collision has led to an ENE compression at Early Miocene. The following WNW trending major compression has generated shallow deformation in Bresse, but no deformation along the western edge. The calculation of potential reactivation of pre-existing faults enables to propose a structural sketch map for this event, with a NE–SW trending transfer fault zone, inactivity of the NNE edge faults, and possibly large wavelength folding, which could explain the deposit agency and repartition of Miocene to Quaternary deformation.     

Brittle tectonism in relation to the Palaeogene evolution of the Thulean/NE Atlantic domain: a study in Ulster

The tectonic effects of the Thulean mantle plume on the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is still poorly understood. An analysis of the brittle deformation affecting the Late Cretaceous Chalk and Lower Tertiary igneous formations cropping out in Ulster (Northern Ireland), part of the Thulean Province, leads to the recognition of two tectonic phases. Each of these phases is characterized by different stress regimes with similar trends of the horizontal maximum principal stress σ_H. The first phase, syn-magmatic and dominated by NE–SW to ENE–WSW extension, occurred during the Palaeocene. It is followed by a second post-magmatic phase, characterized initially by a probably Eocene strike-slip to compressional palaeo-stress regime with σ₁ (=σ_H) trending NE–SW to NNE–SSW associated with the partial reactivation (as reverse faults) of normal faults formed during the first phase NE–SW extension. This episode is postdated by an Oligocene extension, with σ_H (=σ₂) still striking NNE–SSW/NE–SW, which reactivated Eocene strike-slip faults as nearly vertical dip-slip normal faults. This Palaeogene tectonic evolution is consistent with the tectonic evolution of similar age in western Scotland and in the Faeroe Islands. In particular, the post-magmatic NE–SW compression is here related to the ‘Faeroe compressive event’, which is related to the earliest stages of drift of the Greenland plate.     

塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用

结合新三维地震与区域地质资料研究,塔里木克拉通中部的塔中隆起挤压断裂与走滑断裂发育,张性断裂欠发育,断裂系统具有构造样式的多样性、形成演化的多期性、构造发育的继承性及平面展布的区段性。新资料表明挤压断裂缺少基底卷入型,多在中寒武统盐膏层滑脱,主要发育4种断裂样式,形成于早奥陶世末,多具有扭压作用与分段性。塔中隆起北斜坡新发现一系列北东向左旋走滑断裂带,剖面上以负花状构造、直立型构造、正花状构造为主,平面上发育向西南方向收敛的雁列构造、羽状构造、帚状构造等;塔中地区经历志留纪晚期、中泥盆世、晚二叠世等三期走滑断裂作用,东南方向强烈斜向挤压作用是走滑断裂形成的动力机制。塔中隆起断裂主要分布在下古生界,三类、三级、四组方向断裂控制了塔中隆起纵向分层、南北分带、东西分块的构造格局。塔中隆起经历新元古代强伸展-弱挤压的断裂发育阶段、寒武纪-奥陶纪局部弱伸展-强挤压逆冲断裂发育阶段、志留纪-中泥盆世走滑断裂发育阶段、石炭纪-早三叠世局部断裂继承性发育阶段等4阶段9期的差异发育演化史。塔中隆起断裂对下古生界海相碳酸盐岩油气分布控制作用明显,断裂控制了油气的纵向复式聚集,断裂带储层发育、油气富集;不同时期、不同类型断裂控油作用有差异性,断裂带横向上的变化造成油气分布的区段性;油气源断裂与储层组成的运聚体系内具有流体分布的有序性。     

Dépliage 3-D des anticlinaux bordant le synclinal fermé de la vallée des Ponts, Jura central, Suisse

The Ponts valley syncline is a closed basin within the Neuchâtel Jura fold and thrust belt. This syncline, apparently uplifted to an altitude of around 1000m is closed in the SW by an anticline with an oblique WNW-ESE direction. The 3-D geometry of the entire structure is examined and unfolded in detail. This syncline is filled with an unexpectedly thick series (~400m) of Tertiairy Molasse, as revealed by the CS-AMT (controlled source audio-magneto-telluric) and a reflexion seismic line. The latter also documents internal compressional structures within the well layered upper freshwater Molasse series. The 3-D configuration of the top Malm limestones has been constructed for the entire area based on new detailed geologic and structural mapping, hundreds of dip measurements, as well as geophysical data. The Malm marker bed displays three distinct types of structures: 1) Thrust faults with shallow dips, vergent to the NW and/or SE that are associated with folds interpreted as fault bend folds; 2) high angle inverse faults, mostly with a SE vergence are interpreted as inverted normal faults, inherited from a modest Oligo-Miocene extensional phase in a NW-SE direction; and 3) tear faults with a dominant N-S direction, probably inherited from an Oligocene extensional phase in association with the opening of the Rhine and Bresse grabens. Tear faults accommodate important lateral changes in fold geometry during the Late Miocene main folding-and-thrusting phase. All deformations are easily explained in an entirely thin-skinned fashion, taking place above a thick detachment horizon within Triassic evaporite series.Manuscrit reçu le 31 mars 2003 Révision acceptée le 23 juin 2004     

湖南锡田锡钨多金属矿床成矿构造特征及其找矿意义

锡田矿床内发育近SN向花岗岩穹窿伸展构造、NE向复式褶皱和NE或NEE向走滑伸展构造系统。穹窿构造主要由印支期和燕山期侵入的花岗岩和古生代地层及不连续的环形滑脱断层组成,控制燕山期花岗岩与围岩接触带矽卡岩型矿体的分布;复式褶皱为古生代地层组成的NE向复式向斜,在矿区中部被锡田复式花岗岩体切割。严塘复式向斜与小田复式向斜中的背斜核部,尤其断层叠加的部位常控制一些构造破碎带型钨锡富矿体的分布。NE向或NEE向走滑伸展构造系统包括NE向右行(伸展)走滑断层、NE向或近EW向右行次级的走滑伸展断层、近SN向左行走滑断层和NW向伸展断层,控制了锡田矿区内的不同方向构造蚀变岩型、石英脉型和云英岩脉型锡钨多金属矿床的分布。花岗岩锆石U-Pb、白云母40Ar-39Ar和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年表明锡田地区燕山期构造活动、岩浆作用与成矿响应时间非常接近,介于150～160Ma。岩体与地层(灰岩)接触带、岩体中的NEE向断裂带以及被NE向断裂叠加的背斜轴部是重要的成矿区域,可作为下一步矿产勘查工作重要靶区。     

鲁西隆起晚中生代以来伸展断裂特征及形成机制

野外地质调查表明,鲁西隆起的伸展断裂十分发育,其构造样式复杂.主要形式为陡倾斜的伸展断裂和缓倾斜的滑脱断层组成的复合伸展断裂系统.陡倾斜的伸展断裂构成鲁西伸展断裂系的主体,是控制其南部凹陷沉积的边界断裂.断裂带中构造角砾岩、断层泥发育,并有小褶皱、擦痕等显示断裂活动的标志.缓倾斜的滑脱断层在鲁西隆起区广泛发育,分为深、浅两个层次,浅层次中最具规模的位于下寒武统与太古宇之间.滑脱面上盘的寒武系底部产生强烈的构造变形,褶皱和破碎带发育,下盘构造相对简单,仅挤压破碎.深层次滑脱断层发育在中地壳低速层处,控制着浅层次滑脱断层的形成与分布.构造应力场数值模拟结果显示,鲁西隆起的伸展断裂系统是由晚中生代以来两次大规模的伸展运动形成的,形成机制上,与中、新生代郯庐断裂的走滑活动、太平洋板块的俯冲以及岩浆上涌密切相关.     

大兴安岭地区上古生界变形特征及构造层划分

大兴安岭地区古生界构造变形表明,上古生界自二叠纪末以来遭受了3期构造变形改造:第一期变形为二叠纪末华北板块与佳蒙地块碰撞造成的近EW向展布的断裂和褶皱构造,强度由南向北有减弱的趋势;第二期变形为侏罗纪西太平洋板块俯冲导致的NE—NNE向左行走滑断裂和褶皱构造;第三期为NW向具有右行走滑特征的断裂构造,时间大致在晚侏罗世—早白垩世。综合区域构造、沉积岩古地理分析对比,初步将大兴安岭地区上古生界划分为早古生代、D—C1、C2—P2、P3—T14个构造层:早古生代末加里东运动之后,在D—C1期间早期以伸展为主,总体表现为北海南陆的古地理特征;早石炭世末期松嫩地块与额尔古纳—兴安地块沿嫩江—扎兰屯一线碰撞拼接;C2—P2期间总体表现为造山后伸展特征,表现为北陆南海;P3—T1时期古亚洲洋的闭合,海水退出,转为陆相。     

塔里木盆地巴楚凸起H气田奥陶系裂缝 主控因素及演化序列研究

塔里木盆地巴楚凸起H气田奥陶系储层是低孔低渗裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层,裂缝系统作为储层渗流通道,其空间分布和主要控制因素复杂,具有多期次叠加和演化的特征。文章采用岩心描述、镜下观察、成像解释等手段分析H气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝发育特征,明确裂缝主要控制因素,建立了裂缝演化序列。结果表明:巴楚凸起H气田奥陶系以剪切缝为主,张性缝次之,张剪缝最少,裂缝发育的主要控制因素为断层、褶皱及岩性等,与断层相关的裂缝主要发育在距断层460 m的范围内;地层变形程度越强,裂缝越发育;裂缝发育程度还受岩性的控制,灰岩的粒径或晶粒越大,构造裂缝越发育。根据已有碳氧同位素测试研究成果,并结合岩心观察发现:H气田奥陶系构造裂缝至少经历了三期演化活动,分别为加里东运动中期少量低角度北东东向和北北西向剪切缝发育期,海西运动晚期中-高角度北西西向张性缝和北东东向、北西向张剪缝以及南北向、北东向中-高角度剪切缝发育期,喜马拉雅运动早期大量高角度北东东向、北北东向剪切缝发育期,主要造缝期为喜马拉雅运动早期。      

黔西罐子窑地区叠加变形及其对铅锌矿床的控制作用

黔西罐子窑地区位于扬子板块西南缘,自中生代进入板内发展阶段之后,发生了多期次复杂构造叠加变形。第一期变形(早燕山期:J3-K1)以自东向西挤压收缩为主,形成了近南北向的褶皱与断层构造体系,发育褶皱轴面以东倾、断层以向西逆冲滑脱占主导地位的变形特征。中上泥盆统火烘组、榴江组泥灰岩和硅质、钙质粘土岩为重要滑脱面,滑脱层本身变形复杂,其上部褶皱相对平滑开阔而下部褶皱相对紧闭。第二期变形(晚燕山期:K2-E)以自北向南挤压收缩为特点,横跨叠加在早期变形之上,表现为早期近南北向褶皱发生枢纽倾伏、断层发生张剪性活动,伴随多层次向南滑脱,在南部形成了轴面北倾的近东西向褶皱(局部倒转)和向南逆冲的断层,并切割南北向构造,喜山早期使得断裂再次活动与调整。区内铅锌矿体分为两类产出状态,一是顺层平缓产出,明显受顺层滑脱与低角度断层控制;另一类是陡倾产出,受陡倾张剪性断层控制。平缓者多形成于早、晚燕山期,而陡倾者多形成于构造转换期或喜山早期。     

Les structures de la couverture Néoprotérozoïque terminal et Paléozoïque de la région de Tata, Anti-Atlas centre-occidental, Maroc: déformation polyphasée, ou interactions socle/couverture pendant l'orogenèse hercynienne?

The western Anti-Atlas was formed by a Precambrian basement in the core of anticlines, surrounded by a Neoproterozoic and Palæozoic cover. The structural study of the Tata regional rocks shows a heterogeneous deformation, characterised especially by two types of folds in two orthogonal directions: north-south to north-northeast-south-southwest-trending and east-west-trending.The north-south structures are present in all of the Palæozoic cover and belong to the major Variscan compression of Late Carboniferous age by a comparison of the other domains of the western Anti-Atlas. Alternatively, east-west folding is assigned only to the lower part of the cover and consists of a ductile heterogeneous deformation, especially marked at the basement-cover interface. These folds are associated with a subhorizontal cleavage, indicating a southern vergence of the structures. A discussion of the age and the tectonic style of these structures is proposed, as well as their significance within the Variscan belt along the northern margin of the West African Craton.