长江峡东区震旦系新见

为李四光教授所建立的长江峡东区的震旦系剖面,被看作南方各地同时期地层比较的标准。黄陵背斜东翼是所分各单位--“南沱砂岩”、“南沱冰碛层”、“陡山沱统”、“灯影灰岩”的典型地区,地层工作者来到峡区经常先察勘这里的剖面。考察过东翼剖面,可上溯一程去西翼或南翼探索其侧向变化。本文就笔者1961年冬,于西翼庙河-冀家湾区、东翼莲沱的沿江地带和南翼的秋千坪地区(见图1)所进行的一些观察及点滴认识,加以阐述。     

开阳磷矿马路坪矿段F_(41)断裂特征及意义

<正> 开阳磷矿围绕着洋水复式背斜产出。洋水背斜属于新华夏系第Ⅲ隆起带南西端的第二级构造单元。马路坪矿段位于洋水背斜的东翼中部。出露地层自下而上有前震旦系板溪群清水江组;震旦系南沱组、陡山沱组和灯影组;寒武系下统牛蹄塘组、明心寺组和金顶山组。下磷矿层产于陡山沱组上部,上磷矿层产于牛蹄塘组底部。     

就马槽园组及其相当层位的确立论震旦系下界及其有关问题

长江峡区震旦系剖面是李四光教授于1924年建立的,自下而上划分为南沱组(包括南沱砂岩及南沱冰碛层)、陡山沱组和灯影组三个岩组,以南沱砂岩与其下变质地层的不整合面为其底界。1924年以来,此种意见广为沿用。1963年刘鸿允先生将南沱组两个段上升为组,分别称莲沱组(原砂岩段)和南沱组(原冰碛层),上下统的界线移至冰碛层底部,仍以莲沱组底面为震旦系下界。然而,自1965年江西省区测队提出莲沱组之下,尚存在一个地层单位——落可(山东)组并归属震旦     

中国南方震旦纪地层问题

关于南方震旦系的下界,主要有两种意见:(1)以澄江组或莲沱群的底板为下界;(2)往下移到包括昆阳群、板溪群及其相当岩系。主张后一意见主要根据葛利普“寒武系之下的不变质或只轻变质的沉积岩系属震旦系”的概念,及“滹沱页岩群”和“东峪灰岩”等实例,认为昆阳群和板溪群等变质并不很深,而在岩性上有其相似之点,故可以归入震旦系。经过多年来的研讨,大多数趋向于将昆阳群及其相当岩系归属于前震旦系。但问题并不就此解决。     

贵阳马场地区陡山沱组含磷特征分析

震旦系上统陡山沱组为黔中地区的开阳磷矿和瓮福磷矿的含磷层位,贵阳马场地区陡山沱组隐伏于地下,根据钻孔揭露,区内陡山沱组顶部与上伏灯影组接触面为一水蚀间断面,无磷矿分布,为磷矿层缺失区。     

四川盆地及周缘地区震旦(埃迪卡拉)系划分与对比

通过对四川盆地及周缘十余条露头剖面和覆盖区数十口油气探井的研究,将四川盆地及周缘震旦(埃迪卡拉)系划分为雅安—南江、峨边—仪陇、威远—开县、宜宾—石柱、雷波、龙门山、城口—巫溪、桐梓—恩施和沿河—大庸等9个地层小区,对其中在油气勘探中较重要的4个小区的地层基本特征作了阐述。将震旦系划分为下部的陡山沱组/喇叭岗组和上部的灯影组,后者进一步分为4个岩性段。把灯影组中上部的一套碎屑岩视为一个标志性的岩性段;并将原归于灯影组顶部,以麦地坪段为代表,含早寒武世小壳类化石的地层从该组中分出,作为寒武系底部的一个组一级岩石地层单位。依据最新的中国震旦系年代地层划分标准,将震旦系底界置于陡山沱组盖帽白云岩之底,顶以麦地坪组底平行不整合为界;陡山沱组相当于震旦系下统到上统下部,即包括下统九龙湾阶、陈家园子阶和上统下部吊崖坡阶,而喇叭岗组只相当于吊崖坡阶,灯影组则仅相当于上统上部灯影峡阶。以岩性、古生物、稳定碳同位素、放射性同位素测年以及测井曲线等为依据建立了四川盆地及周缘震旦系的对比关系,并与湖北峡东地区震旦系标准剖面进行了对比。     

重庆城口震旦系下统陡山沱组沉积体系研究

重庆城口震旦系下统陡山沱组共分两段:第一段岩性为黑色砂质页岩与粉砂岩互层,下部砂质成分增多;第二段顶部为锰矿层,锰矿层之下为黑色炭质页岩及黑色泥质页岩。在野外剖面、钻孔岩心宏观、微观沉积相分析的基础上,并结合剖面结构和区域资料的分析,归纳出研究区震旦系下统陡山沱组发育浅海陆棚沉积相,包括过渡和滨外陆棚两个微相,其中过渡微相主要为陡山沱组第一段下部,无菱锰矿赋集,滨外陆棚微相主要位于陡山沱组第二段,为菱锰矿的主要赋集层位,多为鲕状、球状以及条带状。     

曾家垅锡矿床地质特征及控矿因素

矿区位于淮阳山字型弧顶前缘偏西,瑞昌弧形构造东部,彭山背斜西翼近转折端,为一大型夕卡岩型隐伏矿床. 矿区地质概况(一)地层由老至新分述如下: 1.震旦系下统硐门群(Z_1 d),为中厚层状灰白色石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩,厚约300米. 2.震旦系上统南沱组(Z_2n),为薄层紫红色含砾凝灰质粉砂岩,厚约4米. 3.震旦系上统陡山沱组(Z_2d),下段为中厚层状灰白色灰岩;上段为硅质岩夹含炭硅质页岩、粉砂岩,本组厚约30米.     

关于中国新元古界划分几个问题的讨论

2001年4月正式出版的《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》（修订版）中将新元古;界从二分三分，自下而上分别为青白口系、南华系和震旦系。本文首先介绍了震旦系重新定义的背景和必要性。由于近些年国际末元古界分会酝酿在新元古代末期新建一个系,而多数学者的意见是该系的下界应置于冰碛层之上，即大致相当于我国陡山沱阶的底部。鉴于此，在1999年12月初断代工作组会议期间，晚前寒武系工作组的与会专家一致认为，有必要对震旦系重新定义，并决定将原震旦系解体，原上统代表重新定义的震旦系，原下 统独立新建一个系，命名为“南华系”。由于震旦系的再分，新元古界也从二分变为的三分，重新界定的震旦系包括原上震旦统灯影组和陡山沱组，南华系包含了原下震旦统南沱组和莲沱组。笔者认为南华系标准剖面的候选剖面应具备下列基本条件：①上覆有震旦系下部陡山沱组及其相当层位的地层，该地层与南华系顶层之间沉积记录的缺失应是最少的。②剖面中应包括寒冷性气候的冰川沉积记录，虽然在全国性南华系地层对比中,冰成岩层不是绝对的对比标志，但为有利于全球化对比，我国南华系候选标准剖面应将冰成岩层包括其内；③剖面中应出露莲沱组（约750Ma）或与其时代相近层位（休宁组、志棠组等）之下的一套地层，这套地层与莲沱组之间不应存在长期的沉积间断，且底部年龄不小于800Ma，也不大于850Ma；④剖面中有良好的区域的、全国的，甚至洲际间的地层学对比标志，有较高的岩石地层学、年代地层学、生物地层学和其它方面的研究水平；⑤剖面的连续性好、露头清晰、交通方便，且周围的自然环境较好。     

湖北王集磷矿陡山沱组下部砾岩的成因

<正> 我国南方震旦系的建立及地层对比是以李四光先生在宜昌三峡一带的研究工作为基础的。一九二四年,李四光在《中国地质学会会志》第三卷上发表的“峡东地质及长江之历史”的论文中,将震旦系自上而下分为灯影组、陡山沱组、南沱组及莲沱组等,其中南沱组为冰碛堆积物。从此,奠定了我国南方震旦系地层对比的基础。     

中国南方泥盆系发现颗石藻

颗石藻作为一种超微远洋浮游生物,出现于侏罗纪里阿斯世(Lias),繁盛于晚白垩世至第三纪。最近又有所进展。哈克(Hag,1981)面告,最老的颗石藻出现于石炭纪和二叠纪。本文所报道之颗石藻发现于晚泥盆世,是截至目前为止最老的颗石藻化石。 颗石藻演化迅速,分布广泛,形态特征明显,而且数量众多,对划分对比海相地层有一定的意义。本文只对研究区所采标本的颗石藻进行鉴定、描述和分类。     

Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea

<正>One new genus and five new species of the family Evaniidae are described from the Early Cretaceous (Albian)Spanish amber of Penacerrada-Ⅰ(Province of Burgos),San Just and Arroyo de la Pascueta(both in the Province of Teruel):Cretevania alonsoi sp.nov.,C.montoyai sp.nov.,C.alcalai sp.nov.,C.rubusensis sp.nov.,and Iberoevania roblesi gen.and sp.nov.Taxonomic changes include Cretevania pristina(Zhang and Zhang,2000) comb.nov.,C.exquisita(Zhang,Rasmtsyn,Wang and Zhang,2007)comb.nov.,C.vesca(Zhang,Rasnitsyn,Wang and Zhang,2007)comb.nov.,and C.cyrtocerca(Deans,2004)comb.nov.,as a result of the reinterpretation of the genera Procretevania and Eovernevania.The new well preserved specimens of the genus Cretevania,together with the characters shown by the type specimens of the synonymized genera,give new information about their anatomical characters of taxonomical importance,and the genus Cretevania Rasnitsyn,1975 is re-diagnosed.The holotypes of the Russian species in amber have been revised.A cladistic analysis of fossil and extant groups of the superfamily Evanioidea is included.Cretevania had a wide palaeogeographic distribution,with the highest diversity known from Spain.The 13 known Cretevania species show a high interspecific variation mainly in wing characteristics,and a wide range of body and wing size.     

新疆阿尔金山奥陶纪三叶虫的发现

本文对阿尔金山所发现的奥陶纪三叶虫化石12属、13种,其中8个新种作了详细描述和对比,根据三叶虫、头足类、笔石等对本区奥陶纪地层的划分作了探讨.笔者认为:环形山组的时代为中奥陶世早-中期,相当于新疆柯坪萨尔干组;额兰塔格组属早奥陶世中-晚期,可与华北下马家沟组,华南大湾组,北美白石组,西昆仑库维希组进行对比;尧勒萨依组应划归下奥陶统;拉配泉群应为中—上奥陶统.     

New Fossils of Eoptychopteridae (Diptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Northeastern China

Three new species of the extinct genus of Eoptychopterina from the Eoptychopteridae     

辽东半岛东南岸全新世海进的认识

辽东半岛呈北东向低山丘陵地形,西临渤海,东濒黄海,半岛的东西两侧为窄长的第四纪沿海平原。为了搞清半岛东部沿海平原的第四纪海侵问题,近年来我们在东沟、庄河等地打了七个钻孔,分层取样,进行微体古生物的研究,首次发现了有孔虫及海生硅藻化石。     

New Macroscopic Problematic Fossil from the Early Cambrian Yanjiahe Biota,Yichang, Hubei,China

Yanjiahella gen. nov., a distinctive fossil taxon from the Early Cambrian Yanjiahe Biota in Yichang, Hubei Province, is characterized by: 1) an overall body plan composed of a stalk and a calyx (also arms in some species); 2) a stalk with closely spaced, transverse wrinkles and a medial, longitudinal ridge; and 3) a calyx preserved with three-dimensional radiating striations, as well as a probable madreporite in some specimens. Three species that can be assigned to this genus, which are Y. ancarpa sp. nov., Y. monocarpa sp. nov., and Y. biscarpa sp. nov. Yanjiahella is comparable to certain echinoderm taxa in terms of morphology and some biological structures, which might indicate the early evolution and diversification of ancestral echinoderm lineages from the early Early Cambrian Yangtze Platform. The discovery of putative echinoderms in the Yanjiahe Biota provides significant clues about the origination and evolution of the deuterostome phylum Echinodermata.     

Early Evolution of Apocrita(Insecta,Hymenoptera)as Indicated by New Findings in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Northeast China

<正>The classification and phytogeny of the basal Vespina(=Orussoidea+Apocrita)are reconsidered based primarily on rich and well preserved material from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou in Inner Mongolia,China. Comparatively smooth morphological transitions are traced from a Xiphydriidae-like ancestor toward Orussoidea via the Jurassic family Karatavitidae,and through Karatavitidae and the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous family Ephialtitidae independently to Stephanidae,to Evanioidea,and,via the extinct Jurassic Kuafuidae fam.nov.to the remaining Apocrita.New hypothesis is proposed concerning development of the characteristic wasp-waist of Apocrita,which is supposed to appear independently and in different ways in Evanioidea and in the rest of Apocrita.As a result,six infraorders are proposed for the suborder Vespina with the following taxonomic structure:infraorder Orussomorpha including the only superfamily Orussoidea(Karatavitidae+Paroryssidae + Orussidae),infraorder Stephanomorpha with the only superfamily Stephanoidea(Ephialtitidae+Stephanidae), infraorder Evaniomorpha with the only superfamily Evanioidea of traditional composition,infraorder Ceraphronomorpha with the superfamilies Ceraphronoidea s.str.and monotypical Megalyroidea and Trigonaloidea,and the infraorders Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha,and Vespomorpha of traditional composition.The family Kuafuidae is unplaced to infraorder because it is putatively paraphyletic with respect to Ceraphronomorpha,Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha and Vespomorpha.Described as new are Karatavites junfengi sp.nov,Praeratavites wuhuaensis sp.nov.,P.perspicuus sp.nov.,Postxiphydria daohugouensis gen.et sp.nov.,P.ningchengensis gen.et sp.nov.,Postxiphydroides strenuus gen.et sp.nov.,Praeratavitoides amabilis gen.et sp.nov.,Proapocrtius densipediculus sp.nov.,P.sculptus sp.nov.,P.longantennatus sp.nov., P.formosus sp.nov.,P.atropus sp.nov.,P.elegans sp.nov.,Stephanogaster pristinus sp.nov.,Asiephialtites lini sp. nov.,Praeproapocritus vulgatus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinaulacogastrinus solidus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinevania speciosa gen. et sp.nov.,Eonevania robusta gen.et sp.nov.,Kuafua polyneura gen.et sp.nov.(all from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou),as well as Kuafuidae fam.nov.including Kuafua gen.nov.as well as Arthrogaster Rasnitsyn,1975,and Leptogastrella Rasnitsyn,1975 from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan.     

Two New Wasps (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Ephialtitidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China

Two new species of wasps belonging to the family Ephialtitidae,Praeproapocritusflexus sp.nov.and Proapocritus parallelus sp.nov.,from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of southeastern Inner Mongolia,China,are described and illustrated.Praeproapocritus vulgates Rasnitsyn ＆ Zhang,2010 and six species of Proapocritus,P.densipediculus,P.sculptus,P.longantennatus,P.formosus,P.atropus,and P.elegans,all described by Rasnitsyn and Zhang in 2010,are first record from the Middle Jurassic of China.These two new findings supplement the morphological understanding of ephialtitids in the Middle Jurassic of China and broaden the diversity of ephialtitids in their by-gone ecosystems.     

Smaller foraminifers of the Lower Permian from Western Tethys

Among the smaller foraminifers from the Lower Permian of Western Tethys (Pamir, Northern Afghanistan, Central and Eastern Iran, Armenia, and Turkey), foraminiferal assemblages characteristic of the Asselian, Sakmarian, Yakhtashian, Bolorian, and Kubergandian stages are distinguished. The first stratigraphic scheme based on smaller foraminifers is elaborated for the Lower Permian (Cisuralian Series) of Western Tethys. Eight biostratigraphic units distinguished in the Lower Permian and one in the Kubergandian Stage are ranked as beds with characteristic foraminiferal assemblages. At particular stratigraphic levels, the beds are recognizable in different paleogeographic provinces of the Tethyan Realm, which enables correlation between deposits concurrently accumulated under dissimilar climatic and facies conditions to be carried. Some of the distinguished beds are recognizable beyond the Tethyan Realm, for instance in the Donetsk basin, Cis-Urals, Pechora coal basin, and Spitsbergen. Among foraminifers that have been studied, 264 species and subspecies, including 16 new taxa, are identified. The following species and subspecies are identified and described for the first time: Hemigordius permicus beitepicus subsp. nov., H. pamiricus sp. nov., Neohemigordius afganicus sp. nov., N. carnicus sp. nov., N. bangi sp. nov., N. zulumarticus sp. nov., N. kubergandinicus sp. nov., Geinitzina grandella sp. nov., G. dentiformis sp. nov., G. bella sp. nov., Pachyphloia paraovata minima sp. nov., P. aucta sp. nov., Frondicularia porrecta sp. nov., Globivalvulina gigantea sp. nov., G. compacta sp. nov., and G. explicata sp. nov.     

Fossil caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of southern England II

The following new fossil trichopteran insects are described or revised from the Purbeck Limestone Group and Wealden Supergroup of southern England: Pteromixanum inviolatum gen. et sp. nov., P. ruderatum gen. et sp. nov., P. purbeckianum (Handlirsch) gen. et comb. nov. and P. poxwellense gen. et sp. nov. (Necrotauliidae);Purbimodus minor gen. et sp. nov., P. medius gen. et sp. nov., P. rasnitsyni gen. et sp. nov. and P. saxosus gen. et sp. nov. (Vitimotauliidae);Palaeoludus popovi gen. et sp. nov. (Dysoneuridae);Palaeotarsus desertus gen. et sp. nov. (Plectrotarsidae);Eucrunoecia ridicula gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidostomatidae);Palaeocentropus placidus gen. et sp. nov. (Calamoceratidae) and Helicophidae gen. et sp. incertae sedis. The general composition of the fauna is compared with Early Cretaceous faunas of Asia. The early appearance of several living families is noted.