流动注射分极及其在地质样品痕量元素测试中的应用

简述了流动注射分析方法的发展及其特点,介绍了流动注射在线分析技术,包括流动注射－原子光谱法、流动注射－分光光度法和流动注射－电化学分析法等联用技术在地质样品分析中的应用情况。     

地质构造成因分析信息系统的开发及应用

集成地质构造成因研究的一些主要理论和方法，利用Microsoft Visual Basic6．0、OOP方法、组件化技术、OLE自动化技术等开发了地质构造成因分析信息系统。该系统具有应力场分析、岩组分析、有限应变分析、图形绘制等功能，在胶东东部断裂带的岩组分析和有限应变分析，以及蔚县矿区构造应力场分析中取得了较好的应用效果。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术在地学研究中的应用

简单介绍ICP MS技术应用最新进展。着重对该技术在中国地学研究和多目标地质调查中的应用作一回顾 ,包括ICP MS技术简介和地质样品分析需求 ,稀土稀散等痕量、超痕量多元素分析 ,铂族元素分析 ,卤素等非金属元素分析 ,同位素比值分析等内容。着重对最近几年国内地质样品分析的一些新方法加以介绍。     

关注地质分析文献,了解分析技术发展——地质分析技术方法类评述论文评介

评介了近20年来发表的地质分析技术方法类评述性论文。内容包括地质分析技术与方法的综述、样品前处理技术(样品分解和分离富集)、测定技术与方法。其中测定技术包括无机元素分析(元素整体分析、微区分析和同位素地质学、地质年代学分析)、有机(化合物)分析和环境放射性测量。最后对地质分析技术的进展作了评价。     

2007全国地质分析学术报告会通知

为推动全国地质分析技术发展，促进学术交流，中国地质学会岩矿测试技术专业委员会定于2007年10月举办全国地质分析学术报告会。本届学术报告会将以形态分析及环境地球化学分析为主题，关注环境和人类健康，并涵盖地质、环境、材料等诸多学科：（1）形态分析技术与应用；（2）地质调查及生态环境地球化学评价中的分析技术；     

地球科学中的现代分析技术

简述了现代地质分析的观念，在此基础上，从整体分析、微区原位分析和元素微区分布分析、显微观察和结构与形态分析、有机分析、地质年代学和稳定同位素分析及现场分析技术 6个方面评介了当今地质分析的现代技术与方法。地学需求是地质分析技术发展的原动力，现代分析科学是其发展的技术基础。最后指出了未来地质分析发展的主要趋向。     

同步辐射X荧光分析进展

介绍了同步辐射光源性能的改进及其发展概况，同步辐射Ｘ荧光分析装置、分析方法以及该该项技术的延伸，并概述了同步辐射Ｘ荧光分析的应用研究。引用文献６４篇。     

流动注射分析及其在地质样品痕量元素测试中的应用

简述了流动注射分析方法的发展及其特点,介绍了流动注射在线分析技术,包括流动注射－原子光谱法、流动注射－分光光度法和流动注射－电化学分析法等联用技术在地质样品分析中的应用情况。     

现场X射线荧光分析技术

本文从携带式X射线荧光仪器、现场分析技术和技术应用三方面论述了现场X射线荧光分析技术的进展.从X射线激发源、X射线探测器和电子线路单元等角度,将携带式X射线荧光仪划分为四代,即以放射性同位源为激发源、以NaI(Tl)闪烁计数器为X射线探测器为技术特征的第一代仪器;以放射性同位素源和正比计数器为技术特征的第二代仪器;以放射性同位素、电制冷半导体探测器和以嵌入式微处理器为控制核心的多道脉冲幅度分析器为技术特征的第三代仪器;以低功率微型X射线发生器为激发源、电制冷半导体探测器和全数字化X射线能谱采集器为技术特征的第四代仪器.在现场分析技术方法方面,论述了X射线仪器谱解析技术、基体效应校正技术和现场原位分析中不平度效应、湿度效应、荧光颗粒不均匀效应校正技术进展.介绍了现场X射线荧光分析技术在地质矿产普查、环境污染调查、文物现场鉴定和合金分析等领域的应用进展.指出了目前国产携带式X射线荧光仪处于第三代和第四代仪器水平之间,低功率微型X射线发生器和电制冷半导体探测器还依赖于进口,全数字X射线能谱采集器还有待商品化;现场多元素分析的准确度和方法检出限都有待进一步改善;便携式仪器的应用领域有待拓宽.     

相干分析在地震地质精细层位标定中的应用

将相干分析技术引入到层位标定中，依据构造、沉积背景、储层演化的不同及其地震响应特征的多样性．提出了相关函数最优分析、大时窗抗干扰相关函数最优分析与分段小时窗相关函数最优分析精细地震地质层位标定技术通过合成地震记录与井旁道地震波形特征的相关分析，实现层位标定的高精度自动优化对比．方法具有精度高、速度快、客观性强的特点．实例证实是可行性的。并获得明显的地质钻探效果．     

我国地质分析中X射线光谱技术的回顾与展望

评述了我国地质分析了中Ｘ射线光谱技术的应用与发展,内容包括：Ｘ射线光谱实验室建设、相关技术与实验方法、应用与成果、书刊文献及学术活动、人才培训、Ｘ射线光谱与他地质分析技术的配合,当前地学的震求与Ｘ射线光谱技术的未来发展,收集主要文献１１４篇。     

X‐ray tomography of tsunami deposits: Towards a new depositional model of tsunami deposits

X‐ray computed microtomography is used to obtain high resolution imagery of a historical tsunami deposit in Andalusia, Spain (1755 Lisbon tsunami). The technique allows characterization of grain‐size distribution, structures, component analysis and sedimentary fabric of fine‐grained unconsolidated tsunami deposits at resolutions down to particle scale. The results are validated by comparing to data obtained using other techniques such as laser diffraction, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and X‐ray microfluorescence on the same deposits. Specific technical details such as sampling, scanning and image processing methods, and further improvements are addressed. The use of X‐ray computed microtomography provides new insights into the stratigraphy of the deposits and gives access to significantly more detailed view of key sedimentary features such as mudlines, rip‐up clasts, crude laminations, convolutions, floating outsized clasts and contacts between successive units. This analysis of the 1755 tsunami deposits using X‐ray computed microtomography allows the proposal of new hypotheses for the sedimentary processes forming tsunami deposits. Deposition by settling is limited and the section analysed here is dominated by a high shear stress leading to the development of traction carpets, with laminated mudlines corresponding to the basal frictional region of these carpets. The onset of the tsunami backwash is marked by a micro‐vortex resembling Kelvin–Helmoltz instabilities.     

湖北鄂州市石家湾水库淤积的物质来源探讨

通过岩石矿物鉴定、Ｘ衍射分析及粒度分析等多种方法,研究了湖北鄂州石家湾水库淤积的物质成分及来源,提出了开发自然资源必须同时保护处然资源的思考。     

A comparison of grain‐size analysis methods for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments

Grain‐size distribution is a fundamental tool for interpreting sedimentary units within depositional systems. The techniques assessed in this study are commonly used to determine grain‐size distributions for sand‐dominated sediments. However, the degree of consistency and differences in interpretation when using a combination of grain‐size methods have not yet been assessed systematically for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments. Results obtained from laser diffraction, X‐ray attenuation and scanning electron microscopy grain‐size analysis techniques were compared with those obtained from the traditional sieve/hydrometer method. Scanning electron microscopy was shown to provide an inaccurate quantitative analysis of grain‐size distributions because of difficulties in obtaining representative samples for examination. The X‐ray attenuation method is unsuitable for sand‐dominated sediments because of its upper size range of only 300 μm. The consistently strong correlation between the laser diffraction results and the sieve/hydrometer results shows that these methods are comparable for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments. Provided that sample preparation is consistent, the latter two methods can be used together within a study of such sediments while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. These results indicate that data for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments gained from the long‐established sieve/hydrometer method can be compared with confidence to those obtained by modern studies using laser diffraction techniques.     

X射线荧光分析技术在四川龙塘铅锌矿成矿规律研究与资源评价中的应用

本文以四川龙塘铅锌矿为例 ,对X射线荧光分析的技术条件、资料处理、方法应用等方面进行较系统地研究 ,并把现场测量成果与地质研究密切结合 ,总结成矿规律 ,指导找矿预测和资源评价 ,取得良好效果     

Quantitative micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy of wet sediment based on the X‐ray absorption and emission theories: Its application to freshwater lake sedimentary sequences

Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy of marine and lake sedimentary sequences can provide detailed palaeoenvironmental records through element intensity proxy data. However, problems with the effects of interstitial pore water on the micro‐X‐ray fluorescence intensities have been pointed out. This is because the X‐ray fluorescence intensities are measured directly at the surfaces of split wet sediment core samples. This study developed a new method for correcting X‐ray fluorescence data to compensate for the effects of pore water using a scanning X‐ray analytical microscope. This involved simultaneous use of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy and an X‐ray transmission detector. To evaluate the interstitial pore water content from the X‐ray transmission intensities, a fine‐grained sediment core retrieved from Lake Baikal (VER99‐G12) was used to prepare resin‐embedded samples with smooth surfaces and uniform thickness. Simple linear regression between the linear absorption coefficients of the samples and their porosity, based on the Lambert–Beer law, enabled calculation of the interstitial pore spaces and their resin content with high reproducibility. The X‐ray fluorescence intensities of resin‐embedded samples were reduced compared with those of dry sediment samples because of: (i) the X‐ray fluorescence absorption of resin within sediment; and (ii) the sediment dilution effects by resin. An improved micro‐X‐ray fluorescence correction equation based on X‐ray fluorescence emission theory considers the instrument's sensitivity to each element, which provides a reasonable explanation of these two effects. The resin‐corrected X‐ray fluorescence intensity was then successfully converted to elemental concentrations using simple linear regression between the data from micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy and from the conventional analyzer. In particular, the calculated concentration of SiO₂ over the depth of the core, reflecting diatom/biogenic silica concentration, was significantly changed by the calibrations, from a progressively decreasing trend to an increasing trend towards the top of the core.     

Is X‐ray core scanning non‐destructive? Assessing the implications for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is widely used to date clastic deposits, including those collected by coring. X‐ray scanning of cores has become popular because of the rapidly acquired, high‐resolution information it gives about optical, radiographic and elemental variations. Additionally, X‐ray scanning is widely viewed as a non‐destructive method. However, such instruments use an intense X‐ray beam that irradiates the split core to enable both X‐radiographic and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. This irradiation will influence the optically stimulated luminescence signal in the sediments. This study determines the radiation dose delivered to sediments in a core during an X‐ray scan, and assesses the implications for studies wishing to combine X‐ray scanning and OSL dating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MagiX PRO X射线荧光光谱仪在多目标地球化学调查中的应用

X射线荧光光谱分析从20世纪80年代起就成为我国化探扫面分析最有效的手段之一[1]。进入21世纪后，新一轮目标地球化学调查工作全面展开，对分析准确度和检出限提出了更高的要求[2]，使用PHILIPS公司生产的新型MagiX PRO X射线荧光光谱仪进行多目标地球化学调查样品的多元素分析。经对5000多试样分析结果表明，该仪器可分析39个元素，其中内检合格率在96％以上的有23个元素，并首次给出Cl、Br、TI等元素的结果。     

黑色翡翠的宝石学及矿物学特征

翡翠热的兴起引起了市场对翡翠需求量的急剧增加，加速引发了对翡翠新品种的开发与研究。翡翠新品种之一——绿辉石玉(即黑色翡翠)与传统意义上的翡翠在光学性质、结构、成分等方面有一定的差异，有观点认为不应称其为翡翠。通过对黑色翡翠样品进行的一般宝石学特征观察、薄片鉴定、红外光谱分析、粉晶X射线分析、X荧光光谱分析，确认其宝石学特征和矿物学特征与翡翠基本一致。     

单个流体包裹体成分无损分析进展

原位无损分析是流体包裹体成分研究的前沿课题,简要总结了单个流体包裹体成分分析方法,评述了原位无损分析方法中微束质子诱发X射线法、同步辐射X射线荧光光谱、显微拉曼光谱、显微红外光谱和红外显微镜分析流体包裹体成分的原理、应用范围、存在问题和研究进展。选择研究流体包裹体成分的方法时,需要考虑分析方法的特点、所测组分及其含量的估计范围、所测流体包裹体的大小、距薄片表面的深度、基体矿物的性质和仪器性能。