监测网顾及可区分标准的解析二类设计

在变形体的变形模型不完全清楚的情形下,须用可区分度标准进行监测网的设计。根据展式,首次导出了监测网顾及可区分标准的解析二类设计模型,并对其解算及算例中以说明。     

向量加权平均值在桥梁控制网平差中的应用

桥梁控制网一般为边角网,传统的平差计算方法很难合理确定两类观测值的权比,因此直接影响到平差结果的正确性以及控制网的可靠性和粗差探测的效果.采用赫尔默特方差估计,可以较好地解决定权的问题,但需进行多个矩阵连乘后的求迹运算,既费机时,又占内存,过程繁琐.基于向量加权平均值,对桥梁控制网的平差计算提出了一种新方法,推导出了相关的计算公式.该方法有别于传统的计算方法,不需要考虑边长,角度二类观测值合理定权的问题,算例表明该方法占用内存小、计算过程简单明了.     

西安地裂缝二类场地勘察标志层识别及勘探孔深度确定

西安地裂缝是一种地区性的地质灾害现象。目前,已发现的西安地裂缝有14条,对西安的工程建设带来不同程度的危害。在西安地裂缝二类场地勘察过程中,通常是将上更新统和中更新统红褐色古土壤作为勘探标志层。根据西安地形地貌及地层沉积特征,将西安地裂缝二类勘察场地划为3个亚区,提出在不同亚区采用相对应的判断地裂缝出露标志层以及勘探深度,对西安地裂缝二类场地的勘察方案布置及过程实施具有指导意义。     

静态犌犘犛在角峪铁矿普查控制测量中的应用

角峪铁矿普查项目采用现代大地测量的方法,利用已知的3个D级GPS点,以E级GPS控制网作为测区首级控制网,选用6个E级点构成骨架网,按照 GPS 网的效率、可靠性、精度,进行优化设计。在四等水准点的基础上,高程测量采用GPS拟合高程的方法。结果表明,应用此方法构造的 E 级控制网,精度完全符合矿区普查的需要。     

深部软岩巷道锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法研究

由于深部软岩巷道工程岩体介质已进入到塑性大变形阶段,其破坏主要是由于支护体与围岩之间的不耦合造成的,因此提出了锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法。与传统的线性参数设计不同,该方法在变形设计的基础上,针对最佳耦合过程进行强度设计,提出锚网索耦合支护参数,并在施工过程中通过反馈设计进行修正。与新奥法不同,采用该设计方法进行锚网索耦合支护既能充分发挥锚网主动支护浅部围岩的能力,又能通过锚索调动深部围岩强度的支护能力,从而可以实现软岩巷道支护体与围岩在强度上、刚度上和结构上的耦合,保证软岩巷道围岩的稳定性。     

隧道工程GPS控制网的基准设计与数据处理

在布设隧道工程GPS控制网过程中，根据工程具体要求，需对工程GPS控制网进行基准设计，有的工程要求边长投影到测区平均高程面上，应对起算数据进行处理。有的工程要求采用一点一方位为控制网起算，以保证GPS网内符合精度不受损失。     

精密水平控制网质量控制研究

为满足泉州市区域似大地水准面精化,通过精密GPS C级水平控制网的实践,对其精度及误差进行分析,认为对精密GPS水平控制网质量控制主要是起算数据、控制网的设计、定位测量及数据处理.依据工程项目,提出减少或消除其影响的措施.     

大弯矩混凝土电杆的设计计算与选择

随着地区经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,电网用电负荷大幅增加。根据本地区当前用电量及配网发展规划的需要,新建架空主干线路一般都选用大截面导线,多采用双回路架设,这就对混凝土电杆的强度提出了更高的要求。本文通过典型计算详细介绍了直线电杆的水平受力情况及大弯矩混凝土电杆的设计选择,并对其进行归纳,可供相关设计人员的参考。     

页岩水平井体积压裂设计的一种新方法

页岩水平井常采用体积压裂技术获得产能,压裂形成的缝网体积、渗透率是影响压裂效果的关键因素。目前页岩体积压裂设计借用产能预测模型优化缝网参数,此模型较复杂,不便于现场应用。根据等效渗流原理,将页岩储层压裂后形成的缝网系统等效为一个高渗透带,建立了体积压裂缝网参数与施工规模关系模型,提出了体积压裂设计的3个步骤:体积压裂可行性研究、数值模拟优化缝网参数和施工参数优化。根据QY2页岩油水平井特征,进行了体积压裂设计和现场实施。结果表明:压裂形成的高渗透带对产能的贡献最大;高渗透带数量、体积和渗透率增加,压裂后的累积产量和采出程度逐渐增加,存在最优的高渗透带参数。现场应用表明这种设计方法方便实用,可以推广。     

兰州徐家湾不稳定边坡的综合治理技术

采用抗滑桩、挡土板、预应力锚索、被动防护网、主动防护网、截（排）水渠、回填植树等工程措施对兰州市金城关徐家湾不稳定边坡进行综合治理,达到了安全效益、生态效益和经济效益的最优结合。在分析该区域工程地质条件的基础上,提出了设计总体思路和治理目的,重点介绍了各项工程措施的设计及施工要点。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861