旅游地乡村聚落演变与土地利用模式——野三坡旅游区三个旅游村落案例(英文)

Rural tourism has become an important driving force of rural urbanization in China. As the main reception base and important tourism attraction, tourism village is the core element of the tourism destination system. Integrating the method of PRA(Participatory Rural Assessment), GIS technology and high-resolution remote sensing images, this study aims to analyze the spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism through a comparative study of three tourism villages in Yesanpo tourism area. The results suggest the emergence of a "core-periphery" pattern of the spatial evolution of rural settlements. The closer to the core scenic spot, the higher degree of land-use intensity the village shows, as well as the more mature tourism function and greater change in landscape pattern. In particular, Gougezhuang shows an increase of the floor area ratio from 0.17 to 0.44, with the most mature tourism function and the lowest authenticity index of 0.448. Liujiahe has gone through the largest increase in construction land area from 17.3564 ha to 34.1128 ha, with moderately mature tourism function and relatively stable authenticity index of 0.566. Shangzhuang has the lowest construction land scale and intensity, with the poorest tourism function and most well-preserved landscape authenticity index of 0.942. Overall, in terms of the spatial morphology, the three villages show the characteristics of "modern town", "semi-urbanization" and "traditional village" respectively, in corresponding to three land development types: "intensive reconstruction type", "enclave extension type" and "in situ utilization type". The spatial evolution patterns of these three villages imply the spatial characteristics of the touristization of traditional villages in different stages, and also have great representative value for the management of rural settlements in tourism areas in China.     

黄土高原450kaBP前后荒漠草原大迁移研究

1IntroductionChinese loess has been studied by a lot of researchers and its important scientific significance is realized in restoring the Quaternary environment and correlating the climatic changes between oceans and continents (An etal., 1985; Kukla, 19…     

UNEP and China Launch Landmark Ecosystem Management Programme for Developing Countries

With the health of the earth’s ecosystems increasingly under threat, due to a growing population, high rates of deforestation and transformation into agricultural and pasturelands, the role of ecosystem management has become more important than ever. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched the     

Transnational technology transfer network in China: Spatial dynamics and its determinants

Patent transfer has been regarded as an important channel for the nations and regions to acquire external technology, and also a direct research object to depict the relationship between supply and demand of technology flow. Therefore, based on traceable patent transfer data, this article has established a dual-pipeline theoretical framework of transnational-domestic technology transfer from the interaction of the global and local(glocal)perspective, and combines social networks, GIS spatial ana...     

Estimation of soil organic carbon reservoir in China

1 IntroductionResearch on global change has aroused many scientists' attention to the balance, storage and spatial distribution of carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem. The carbon stored in soil is 2.5-3 times as much as that stored in plants[1,2], so the distribution and conversion of carbon in humus has become one of the global research foci on organic carbon at present[3]. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents in soils are not only important components of soils but also the most important eco…     

LABORATORY PROFILE THE LABORATORY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,UNIVERSITY OF NIJMEGEN,NIJMEGEN,THE NETHERLANDS

The city of Nijmegen is situated in the East of the Netherlands,close to where the river Rhineenters the country from Germany.It was already known as a strategic point of interest duringthe days of the Roman Empire.Nijmegen has always belonged to the Dutch part of theNetherlands,meaning that it never was occupied by Spain (as the South was).The identity ofa strategically important,fortified and walled city has long dominated Nijmegen and thisreputation remained even up to the second world war.For about a century,Nijmegen has been     

中国边境地区城镇化时空格局及其驱动力

Border area is not only an important gateway for inland opening-up,but also an important part of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and optimizing national urban spatial pattern in China.Due to the location,natural resources endowment,and traffic accessibility,the urbanization speed is relatively slow in border areas.Therefore,it is a special area that needs to pay close attention to,especially under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's regional coordinated development program.Based on the county-level data from 2000 to 2015,this paper tries to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of urbanization in 134 border counties,and applies geographical detector method to study the driving forces of urbanization in border areas.Conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2015,urbanization rate in border areas has been lower than the national average,and the gap has been widening.Some border counties in southern Xinjiang,Tibet,northeast of Inner Mongolia,and Yunnan,are even facing the problem of population loss.(2)In the same period,urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border is low,while their urbanization rate grows relatively faster comparing with other border counties;urbanization rate in Tibet border is the lowest and grows relatively slowly;urbanization rate in the northeastern and northern border is slightly higher,but it grows slowly or even stagnates.(3)Transportation and industry are the important driving forces of urbanization in border areas,while the driving forces of market is relatively weak.And there are obvious mutual reinforcements among the driving forces,while the effort and explanatory power of resource force increases obviously after interaction.(4)Urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border areas grows relatively fast,with industrial force and transportation force,market force and administrative force as the main driving forces respectively.Tibet border area has the lowest urbanization rate and growth rate,as the driving force of urbanization with strong contribution has not yet formed in Tibet.In the northeastern and northern border areas,the contribution of transportation force to urbanization is greater than other forces,and its interaction with market and industry has obvious effects.     

Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt: A review

Surface melt has great impacts on the Greenland Ice Sheet （GrlS） mass balance and thereby has become the focus of significant GrlS research in recent years. The production, transport, and release processes of surface meltwater are the keys to understanding the poten- tial impacts of the GrlS surface melt. These hydrological processes can elucidate the following scientific questions： How much melt- water is produced atop the GrlS？ What are the characteristics of the meltwater-formed supraglacial hydrological system？ How does the meltwater influence the GrlS motion？ The GrlS supraglacial hydrology has a number of key roles and yet continues to be poorly understood or documented. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the GrlS surface melt, emphasizing the three essential supraglacial hydrological processes： （1） meltwater production： surface melt modeling is an important approach to acquire surface melt information, and areas, depths, and volumes of supraglacial lakes extracted from remotely sensed imagery can also provide surface melt information; （2） meltwater transport： the spatial distributions of supraglacial lakes, supraglacial sarams, moulins, and crevasses demonstrate the characteristics of the supraglacial hydrological system, revealing the meltwater transport process; and （3） meltwater release： the release of meltwater into the englacial and the subglacial ice sheet has important but undetermined impacts on the GrlS motion. The correlation between surface runoff and the GrlS motion speed is employed to understand these influences.     

1980年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异

The study of land use change and its driving mechanism has become the focus since the research of land use/land cover change (LUCC) became one of the important areas of Global Environmental Change (GEC) researches in the 1990s (Turner, 1994). Scholars mai…     

黄土高原作物产量及水土流失地形分异模拟

De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years for the improvement of the eco-environment and the mitigation of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. This paper, taking the Yangou Basin as a case study and using day-by-day mete- orological data of Yan'an station in 2005, simulated and analyzed the quantitative relation between crop yield, soil and water loss and topographic condition with the aid of WIN-YIELD software. Results show that: 1) topographic gradient has important influence on crop yield. The bigger gradient is, the lower the crop yield. Yields of sorghum and corn decrease by 15.44% and 14.32% respectively at 25° in comparison to the case of 0°. In addition, yields of soya, bean and potato decrease slightly by 5.26%, 4.67% and 3.84%, respectively. The in- fluences of topographic height and slope aspect on crop yield are slight. 2) Under the same topographic condition, different crops' runoff and soil loss show obvious disparity. Topographic gradient has important influence on soil and water loss. In general, the changing trend is that the soil and water loss aggregates with the increase of gradient, and the maximal amount occurs around 20°. The influence of topographic height is slight. Topographic aspect has a certain effect, and the fundamental characteristic is that values are higher at the aspect of south than north. 3) Topographic gradients of 5° and 15° are two important thresholds. The characteristic about soil and water loss with the variation of topographic gradients show that: the slope farmland with gradient less than 5° could remain unchanged, and the slope farm- land more than 15° should be de-farmed as early as possible.     

Progress and prospect of wetland research in China

Traditional wetland study in China mainly focuses on mire resources investigation and utilization. At present, environment, resources problems and sustainable development theory have infused new driving force into the wetland development. Since wetlands have huge ecological and environmental functions, they are paid more and more attention to by academic circles. The key field in wetland study at present is the natural process of wetlands, including hydrologic process, biogeochemical cycle process, and biological process, the relation between wetlands and global changes, wetland function evaluation and wetland rehabilitation. The paper reviews the main study progress of wetlands in China, analyses the present situation of wetland researches in China, and puts forward the main direction of wetland science researches in China.     

孤立湿地功能研究进展

孤立湿地是湿地的一种主要类型,具有自身独特的生态功能。受气候变化和人类活动的影响,孤立湿地面积和数量逐渐减少。对于孤立湿地的定义、类型及特征已有一定研究,但孤立湿地功能研究相对较为薄弱,而孤立湿地的功能研究是孤立湿地保护与恢复的前提。基于文献调研,从孤立湿地的水文、生境以及地球化学循环等功能及其功能间的关系综述了孤立湿地功能的研究进展,并分析了孤立湿地功能研究中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和发展趋势,为湿地恢复、保护与管理提供科学参考。     

中国湿地研究进展——献给中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所50周年

中国湿地研究经历了由面上考察到长期定位研究、由资源调查到结构、功能、过程研究、由沼泽研究扩展到湿地各种类型研究等过程。中国湿地研究逐渐形成了自己的特色,近年来取得了长足进展。文章对近30年中国湿地研究主要进展进行了回顾,并对湿地科学进一步研究方向提出了建议。     

对我国湿地保护问题的思考

我国湿地正面临着来自人类的巨大威胁,生存型扩张的压力依然没有减轻,发展型扩张又严重威胁着湿地,导致自然湿地数量继续减少、湿地生态功能退化乃至丧失,已难以满足保障国家生态安全的需求。根据经济发展和人口、资源现状,我国的湿地战略应当是有限目标的国家战略。在湿地保护与合理利用总目标下,近期国家湿地战略以湿地保护为重点,即以保护自然(原生)湿地为主,对退化湿地进行生态恢复、重建和合理利用的示范为辅。     

我国湿地研究进展——献给中国科学院长春地理研究所成立40周年

回顾了我国湿地研究,尤其是近１０年的研究进展,包括湿地资源的综合考察,湿地基本概念的开发,湿地功能研究、湿地资源的保护与合理利用,并对我国湿地研究提出了展望。     

中国湿地资源开发利用与保护

分析中国湿地资源开发利用与保护的现状与问题,提出了湿地资源开发利用与保护基本构想,指出为了更好地保护和利用中国湿地资源,必须加强国际交流与相关的科学研究,注意协调湿地管理体制,以可持续发展理念为指导,推动公众积极参与湿地保护与管理,完善湿地法规建设,依法管理与保护湿地资源.     

国际湿地生态学研究前瞻--第七届国际湿地会议透视及启示

2004年第七届国际湿地会议内容包括综合水资源管理中湿地的作用、环境管理中的湿地科 学、湿地的生物地球化学功能、湿地环境中植物的作用、湿地的保护和管理、湿地恢复和重 建、湿地和全球气候变化、湿地对改进水质的作用、热带湿地的功能和合理利用9部分. 在总结国际湿地会议研讨内容的基础上,通过相关资料的查询与统计,综合分析近年来国际湿地研究的热点领域及对我国湿地研究的启示.     

中国湿地可持续经营认证的SWOT分析

湿地可持续经营认证可以提高湿地的经营水平,实现湿地资源保护与利用的有机统一。采用SWOT方法对中国开展湿地可持续经营认证的优势(S)、劣势(W)、机遇(O)和挑战(T)进行分析,为制定和实施湿地可持续经营认证提出相应的方法与途径。SWOT分析结果表明:目前在中国存在湿地资源丰富、各级政府高度重视湿地保护等优势,但我国在湿地可持续经营认证方面存在市场需求有限、管理水平低等劣势。这些优势和劣势给湿地可持续经营认证的推进带来了巨大的挑战与机遇。开展湿地可持续经营认证,需要充分评估湿地环境的基本状况、自我修复与维持能力以及人为生产经营管理过程的有效性和合理性,同时对湿地产品的品质与安全性进行检验认证,建议尽快启动湿地可持续经营认证工作。     

流域城市化对湿地生态系统的影响研究进展

城市化是人类社会发展的必然趋势和现代化的必经阶段,同时城市化也对区域湿地生态系统产生重要影响。从城市化的水文效应、城市化对水环境的影响和城市化产生的气候变化对湿地生态系统影响3方面综述了城市化对湿地生态系统结构和功能影响的研究进展。城市化引起流域内人口增加,通常伴随商业和工业活动的增加,这些活动需要更多的城市土地,从而导致流域内不透性增加,这给流域内湿地生态系统造成了重要的影响,表现为:①城市化所及地区的产汇流过程发生显著变化,导致湿地径流的调节作用和维持生态系统生产力的作用发生退化;②城市地表径流中含有大量的污染物质,致使对湿地水环境、水生生物、野生动物栖息地都产生了重要的影响,并污染城市饮用水水源,危及人类健康;③城市化导致流域气候变化,影响湿地水文、生物地球化学过程、植物群落及湿地生态功能等。最后,指出了国内外城市化对湿地生态系统影响研究的不足之处,对国内外的研究趋势进行展望,并对国内的研究提出了几点建议。     

3S技术在湿地研究中的应用

湿地具有多种生态功能和经济与社会价值,是人类赖以生存和发展的自然资源宝库与生存环境。湿地研究已受到国际社会的高度重视,成为国际生态学与环境科学研究的热点问题之一。3S技术的发展为湿地研究提供了新的方法和强有力的技术支持。主要论述了3S技术在湿地资源调查、湿地动态变化监测、湿地景观变化分析、湿地制图、湿地资源管理等方面的应用概况;在此基础上概要论述了3S技术在湿地研究应用中存在的主要问题和解决方案;最后论述了3S技术在湿地研究应用中的发展前景。提出应加大3S技术集成的深度,加强3S技术在湿地生物多样性、湿地环境效益、湿地边界确定及湿地资源管理等研究中的应用,把对湿地资源信息的分析和处理提高到研究湿地空间的规划和决策层面上,为管理和合理利用湿地资源指引方向。