Regional features of the geomagnetic field secular variations

The secular variations in the geomagnetic field have been studied based on the satellite vector magnetic survey. A high data accuracy made it possible to estimate the spatial and temporal characteristics of different variation types on the interval 1980–2007. The growth and decomposition of midlatitude foci have been qualitatively estimated, and the structure and velocity of a drifting equatorial anomaly have been determined.     

Inundatios on the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar krai

Inundatios on the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar krai between 1945 and 2013 have been analyzed. The main genetic types of inundations on the coast have been identified. The specific features and regularities of inundation wave transformation along the rivers and over time have been studied. Seasonal and maximal runoff of Black Sea rivers has been analyzed over a long-term period. Regularities in the variations of the number of inundatios and their characteristics over the coastal area have been revealed both at the annual and long-term scales. Quantitative estimates are given to the hazard and damage to the population and economic activity due to inundations in the valleys of Black Sea rivers.     

地电场观测中若干问题的讨论

“九五”期间在全国陆续建设了二十来个地电场观测场地,经过几年的观测,已经观测到了一些地电场的基本特征,但在观测中也发现存在很多问题。现就一些主要问题展开讨论,并提出建议,供地电场的观测和建设参考。     

基于MapX控件的地震速报平台开发

介绍了地理信息的一些基本概念和开发的几种方式,并进行了简单比较。着重说明了在VC开发平台上基于MapX控件的电子地图的开发方法,并根据地震速报平台的开发项目,结合程序的源代码,阐述了如何在电子地图中通过经纬度查询地名和显示震中位置的方法。     

三维地震勘探数据的剩余静校正方法研究与软件实现

剩余静校正的目的是消除地震道中由近地表因素造成的静态剩余时差的影响,通常以时差的四因子分解模型为基础建立剩余静校正方程组,并采用迭代求解方法获得剩余静校正量。但实际上,由于地层的倾斜,时差中还应包含横向和纵向倾角项,因此本文首先对剩余校正的理论模型进行了改进,提出了以扩展面元为计算单元的时差分解六因子模型。又由于地层的走向具有局部线性性,因此剩余动校正项,横向及纵向倾角项系数仅在一些给定的面元上计     

Propagation of Rayleigh waves on cylindrical surfaces of transversely isotropic material and of varying density in a magnetic field

Summary Three dimensional magneto-elastic equations pertaining to the problem of propagation of axial Rayleigh waves on the surface of elastic cylinder of isotropic material have been solved. Two cases have been considered — first, when the density varies linearly and second, when it varies inversely as the radius vector and frequency equations for both the cases have been obtained.     

Velocity profiles and incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover

A series of experiments for the incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover have been carried out in laboratory under different flow and boundary conditions.Measurements on flow velocities across the measuring cross-section at different water depths have been conducted.Based on these experiments under both ice-covered and open flow conditions,the impacts of solid boundary(such as ice cover and flume sidewall) on the distribution of flow velocity profiles have been discussed.The criteria for the inc...     

裂缝性储层的电各向异性响应特征研究

以水平裂缝分布的孔隙介质模型为基础,建立了水平裂缝面的平行裂缝分布和带粗糙表面的点接触裂缝模型,导出了两类裂缝模型的水平和垂直电阻率响应关系,分析了两类裂缝模型在没有围压和存在围压条件下的水平电阻率、垂直电阻率变化规律和电各向异性系数的变化特征.讨论了裂缝开度、裂缝密度和裂缝粗糙度等裂缝特征参数对裂缝性储层电各向异性的影响.为简化讨论,所有电性响应特征的分析都忽略了裂缝和孔隙表面的导电性和极化的影响.利用平行分布水平裂缝面模型和带粗糙面的裂缝模型,考察了围压条件下的裂缝性岩石的电各向异性响应特征,得到了对实际应用有意义的结果.     

Model of Probabilistic Prediction for Life Loss

I.INTRODUCTION A great deal of 1ife lOSS data from the strong earthquakes.especially the total deathtoll in eachstrong shock,has been accumulated in some densely populated areas.In the record ofthe injuries anddeaths from earthquakas,the death mark iS easier to be judged SO that Bhth(1978)suggested chat thedeathtoll would be used as a mark of the level of the earthquake destruction.He considered that insome cases.the deathtoll of life would be more effective than the destruction number…     

东莞市区震害预测与防御对策系统建设

在地震小区划、概率设定地震和广泛收集地震地质、建(构)筑物、生命线工程、地震次生灾害源、社会环境与经济人口数据等的基础上,对东莞市区89.3 km2范围工作区开展震害预测与防御对策研究,得到不同烈度下建(构)筑物、生命线工程的震害分析结果,以及地震次生灾害影响、人员伤亡与经济损失评估结果,对工作区及东莞市的抗震能力进行...     

The formation of present-day resources of surface and subsurface waters in European Russia

Variations in the characteristics of the annual, dry-season, and minimal monthly runoff in rivers of European Russia for the recent 35 years (1975?C2005) have been estimated and analyzed in comparison with a period of approximately the same duration (1935?C1969). The genesis of runoff for different river basins and the major causes of current changes in runoff characteristics have been studied. Regional regularities in the hydrological and geohydrological processes have been identified, and zoning of the territory has been performed with identification of specific features in the formation of river runoff in the European North and the basins of the Volga, Don, Ural, etc. The natural resources of surface and subsurface waters over 1970?C2005 have been re-estimated with the construction of appropriate maps. Water availability and load on water resources have been analyzed.     

The state of a river in pechora basin after an oil spill: Assessment of changes in zooplankton community

The long-term dynamics of zooplankton in a northern river has been studied in the context of its pollution after an oil pipeline break. Oil has been shown to have both negative and stimulating effect on planktonic communities and populations, and the role of the drainage area in river system self-purification is studied. Artificial settling water bodies, which had been formed by regulation of polluted flows in the river, have been found to have additional significance as biological regenerators of aquatic ecosystems.     

Note on transverse vibration of a perfectly conducting viscoelastic infinite plate in a magnetic field

Summary In this note displacement of a thin perfectly conducting viscoelastic plate of Reiss type in contact with vacuum on both sides and in a uniform magnetic field has been discussed. The plate has been assumed to be acted on by an impulsive load. Solutions have been obtained for small and large values of time. Results have also been discussed for some particular cases.     

Method study of classification and gradation of earthquake disasters

Based on data of earthquake disaster events during 1954~2005 in the Chinese mainland, the classification and gradation of earthquake disasters have been studied by multivariate statistical analysis. Three fundamental structures of earthquake disasters have been found and an FAPE (factor analysis-principal component-equamax rotation) classification model and an HCWS (hierarchical cluster-ward method-seuclid) gradation model have been constructed. Earthquake disasters are divided into eight classes and five grades respectively in the models, which give a reasonable explanation to the phenomenon of earthquake disasters.     

Prediction of the maximum observed frequency of the ionospheric HF radio channel using the method of artificial neural networks

The algorithm for predicting one of the main parameters of the ionospheric HF radio channel—maximum observed frequency (MOF)—for the interval 0.5–3 h has been synthesized based on the technology of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The data of oblique-incidence LFM sounding obtained on the Inskip (England)-Rostov-on-Don path have been used for this purpose. The studies have been performed under different geophysical conditions. The relation of MOF to the variations in the key parameters of the solar wind and IMF, responsible for the succession of development of magnetospheric-ionospheric disturbances leading to a change in the HF radiocommunication conditions, has been established. The time scales of the ionospheric response have been determined. The practical value of the performed work consists in that the obtained results are used to increase the reliability of ionospheric HF radiocommunication.     

Specific distribution of the noise electromagnetic field level at high latitudes in the vicinity of the first Schumann resonance

The distributions of the natural noise electromagnetic field level in the vicinity of the first Schumann resonance have been studied based on data from Lovozero observatory (the Kola Peninsula). Daily curves of noise level excesses over specified thresholds at different geomagnetic disturbances have been constructed. It has been indicated that the curves are morphologically similar on magnetically quiet days but are highly variable from day to day, although the averaged curves are similar in some characteristics to the unitary variation in the surface quasistatic electric field. The possibilities of applying the known formula for the probability distribution of the VLF atmospheric radio noise amplitude in order to analytically describe the noise level probability distribution have been considered. It has been detected that geomagnetic disturbances pronouncedly affect the distribution parameters, sharply increasing the amount of large-amplitude noise.     

New Physical Measures of Seismic Intensity

The physical measures of macroscopic seismic intensity have been extensively studied based on the new understanding of seismic intensity and the new analytical method and new database of strong ground motion.New physical measures of seismic intensity have been proposed.     

Development of a SPME-GC Method for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Wastewater

A manual SPME method is presented for the analysis of organic compounds in industrial wastewater. 24 compounds commonly found in the wastewater of a chemical plant in northern Germany have been selected as reference compounds. Precision, linearity, and detection limits have been determined. Moreover, the effect of methanol content, pH value, salt content, and an excess of compounds on the extraction process have been studied. Several compounds have been investigated for their applicability as internal standards to quantify the compounds of interest. Since the method will later be transferred to a fully automated SPME-GC system, which will be operated directly on-site at an industrial wastewater purification plant, special attention has been paid to the analysis of real wastewater samples. In this context, the fibre stability has been studied by performing 53 extraction/desorption cycles from one wastewater sample. Neither a decrease in fibre performance nor in precision has been observed indicating that the proposed method is suitable for the analysis of real wastewater.     

1992年宁河4.5级地震地电阻率异常

研究了1992年宁河4.5级地震前兴济地电阻率的异常变化及特征,并应用地电攻关结果对兴济台的预报意见进行了检验,发现其效果较好.     

Solar cosmic rays: 70 years of ground-based observations

The main data have been summarized, and the results, achieved using data from the worldwide network during the entire period of ground-based observations of solar cosmic rays (SCRs) from February 28, 1942, when they were discovered, have been generalized. The methods and equipment for registering SCRs have been described. The physical, methodical, and applied aspects, related to the SCR generation, as well as the SCR interaction with the solar atmosphere, transport in the IMF, motion in the Earth’s magnetosphere, and the affect on the Earth’s atmosphere, have been discussed. It has been indicated that the fundamental results were achieved in this field of space physics during 70 years of studies. Special attention has been paid to up-to-date models and concepts of ground-level enhancement (GLE). The most promising tendencies in the development and application of this effective method of solar-terrestrial physics have been outlined.