基于数学综合评价法的博州地下水环境质量评价

通过对新疆博州地区地下水调查研究,选取13个监测点进行21项水质分析,参照地面水环境质量质量标准,采用模糊数学综合评价法对地下水进行分析评价。结果表明:博州地区地下水水质情况总体较好,13个监测点中,有2个监测点的水质达到了Ⅰ级,占全部监测站点的15.4%;有6个监测点的水质达到了Ⅱ级,占全部监测站点的46.2%;有2个监测点的水质达到了Ⅲ级,占全部监测站点的15.4%;有3个监测点的水质达到了Ⅴ级,占全部监测站点的23.1%;水质级别在Ⅲ级以上的占全部监测站点的76.9%。模糊综合评价比较全面客观的反应了水质质量水平和各种超标物的隶属情况。评价结果为科学评价区域地下水环境、合理开发和有效保护地下水、减轻和预防地下水污染和生态环境提供了重要依据。     

广饶县地下水水质调查评价与污染分析

为全面掌握广饶县地下水水质情况,根据实地调查情况选取代表性地下水井进行水质监与评价.其中,浅层地下水井57眼,深层地下水井81眼,在污染河流两侧近距离加密井点布设.结论表明,县内浅层地下水水质呈整体面状和带状污染,Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类地下水井占调查总数的73.7%,污染参数的超标率较高,污染程度较重;小清河南部深层地下水水质状况较好,85%以上地下水井适宜做饮用水水源;小清河以北深层地下水水质状况普遍较差,Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类地下水井占调查总数的58.8%,不宜直接做为饮用水水源.     

河南宿鸭湖库区水污染现状及防治对策

阐述了宿鸭湖库区地面水环境质量、地面水和浅层地下水污染现状,对污染程度分析,同时对库区地面水和地下水水质进行了计算与评价.并对浅层地下水污染趋势进行了分析,提出了相应的防治措施.     

常州市区地下水污染研究

根据常州市地下水环境背景值、水质长期监测数据,分析常州市地下水水质演变规律。通过分析1982年至2009年水质状况,对地下水污染程度进行分级,综合评价地下水水质。并结合地下水污染因子变化规律、水化学类型变化趋势,提出地下水保护综合治理措施。     

辽宁省地下水环境质量评价与水质污染防治

地下水水质基本状况和污染程度直接反映地下水环境质量的好坏.本文对辽宁省地下水环境质量做出了评价,主要分析了表征地下水质动态特征的相关化学组分.影响地下水环境质量变化的因素,主要有自然因素、人为因素两方面.对于地下水水质污染的防治,从自然环境、人为环境、时间因素三方面采取措施.     

运城市地下水污染状况分析及保护方略

地下水是运城市工农业生产和人民生活最主要的供水水源,多年来由于人类活动的严重影响,地下水水质遭到不同程度的污染.本文通过地下水水质监测和污染调查结果,对全市地下水质量状况和污染原因进行了分析研究,提出了保护治理对策建议.     

抚顺矿区地下水污染研究

文章根据抚顺矿区地下水环境背景值、水质长期监测数据,分析了矿区地下水水质演变规律。针对1991年、2004年水质实际状况,对该区地下水污染程度进行分级,并综合评价了地下水水质。研究了地下水质污染机理、污染因子变化规律、水化学类型变化规律,并提出地下水污染治理措施。     

河南省南阳盆地地下水污染现状及防治对策

本文阐述了河南省南阳盆地浅层地下水污染现状,对污染程度进行了评价,同时对南阳盆地内地下水水质进行了计算与评价.并对浅层地下水污染趋势进行了分析,提出了相应的防治措施.     

太原市地下水水质分析评价

太原市地下水作为主要供水水源,其水质已受到不同程度的污染,本文就太原市地下水水质和污染现状进行分析评价,为地下水资源的合理开发利用、保护和国民经济可持续发展提供参考.     

洞庭湖区浅层地下水质量现状与安全供水研究

通过对1720个水质分析样品资料的深入分析与计算,系统地评价了洞庭湖区浅层地下水质量,指出了浅层地下水安全供水方向,并提出了安全供水措施及建议。计算结果认为,洞庭湖区浅层地下水中的污染因子主要为Fe、Mn、PH、NH4-N及NO2-N,其次为NO3-N、Be、COD,共8个因子,基本上没有遭受重金属污染;湖区浅层地下水水质整体较好,以优质水为主,占39.37%,合格水占26.04%;不合格水(较差水)占34.59%。     

基于"层级阶梯评价方法"的地下水质量与污染评价:以铜川市为例

掌握区域地下水质量及污染状况,对于地下水污染防治、地下水资源保护与管理具有重要作用,尤其是对西部内陆干旱区地下水资源尤为重要。本研究针对陕西铜川市地下水进行了系统采样,通过分析常规指标、无机毒理指标、微量有机指标,利用“层级阶梯评价方法”进行了地下水质量与污染评价。水质评价表明,2011年铜川市浅层水水质相对较差,可作为饮用水源或经适当处理后可做饮用水源的样品占样品总数的60%,不宜作为生活饮用水源的样品占40%。浅层水质量受天然背景和人类活动的共同影响,主要影响指标为总硬度、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、TDS、Mg²⁺、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-};深层水水质相对较好,所有采样点均可作为饮用水源。深层水主要受天然背景影响,主要影响指标为Fe。污染评价表明,浅层水污染等级为1级、2级、3级、4级的样品分别占样品总数的44%、16%、32%、8%,污染主要分布在金锁关以南至川口以北的漆水河河谷地带;而深层水污染等级全部为1级,尚未受到人类污染影响。相比其他评价方法,层级阶梯评价法在区分天然背景和污染对地下水水质影响方面具有明显优势,结合区域背景分析和现场调查认识,能够成为科学掌握地下水水质及污染状况的有效手段。     

地下水中无机多元素测定监控样的制备与应用

根据中国地质调查局正在组织开展全国性1:50000～1:250000地下水污染调查评价工作中对重点区要求必测的无机元素项目要求,用天然基体的地下水制备地下水无机多元素测定监控样。采集的地下水经初步分析后,进行有关组分的添加处理,制备需要研制的实验室监控样品。通过均匀性和稳定性检验,判定监控样的均匀性良好,在监测期间内性质稳定。探讨了该监控样在地下水无机元素测定质量监控工作中可以用于校准仪器、评价测量方法的准确度和用作分析质量保证。     

Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Cihanbeyli basin, Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey

The Cihanbeyli basin is located in the northern part of Konya in the Central Anatolian region, Turkey and is characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions and scarcity in water resources. The suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes in the Cihanbeyli basin was assessed by measuring physicochemical parameters, including major cation and anion compositions, pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, and total hardness. For this purpose, 54 samples were collected from different sources viz. deep wells, shallow wells, and springs. Results from hydrochemical analyses reveal that groundwater is mostly affected by salty and gypsiferous lithologies. Evaporite minerals such as gypsum, anhydrite, and chloride salts make high contributions from the recharge areas (west, northwest, and southwest parts) toward the discharge area (central and eastern parts). High values of total dissolved solids in groundwater are associated with high concentrations of all major ions. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking. Based on sodium absorption ratio values and percent sodium, salinity appears to be responsible for the poor groundwater quality, rendering most of the samples unsuitable for irrigation usage. It is concluded that evaporation and mineral dissolution are the main processes that determine major ion compositions.     

信阳市浅层地下水质量评价

为了保护信阳市浅层地下水资源环境,进一步合理开发该区浅层地下水,在对信阳市市区大量浅层地下水水样分析资料的基础上,从饮用水评价,农业灌溉用水评价,工业锅炉用水评价及综合评价等四个方面对该区浅层地下水质量进行了评价。评价结果表明：评价区内虽没有极差的Ⅴ级水,但在人口集中和用水集中的市区均为较差的Ⅳ级水,是人们生产和生活用水质量下降的主要原因;人口集中带来的生活污染是本区浅层地下水主要污染源,次要污染源为工业污染,这些理应引起高度重视,防止污染的进一步扩大。     

Statistical interpretation on seasonal variations of groundwater quality in Ramanathapuram coastal tract,Tamil Nadu,India

Groundwater availability depends on its accessibility, as well as on its quality. Factor analysis (FA) has been used to analyze quality problems and provide strategies for water resources exploitation. The present study demonstrated the use of factor analysis to evaluate temporal variations in groundwater quality and find latent sources of water pollution in coastal areas of Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. The data set included data of eleven water quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total hardness, chloride and fluoride for two different seasons (pre- and post-monsoon) in 2012. FA of the two seasons resulted in two latent factors accounting for 80.38 % of total variance for pre-monsoon (summer) and 73.03 % for post-monsoon (winter) in the water quality data sets. The results obtained from FA prove that the groundwater quality in winter is better than that of summer. Langelier Saturation Index was used to find out scaling and corrosive tendency of the groundwater samples for the study area. Karl Pearson correlation matrix was used to study the correlation between the studied water quality parameters. Hence, the analysis suggests that FA techniques are useful tools for identification of influence of various quality parameters on overall nature of the groundwater.     

Evaluation of groundwater quality and pollution in Daqing Oilfield

Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast of Songnen Plain in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, which is a petrochemical industry gathering place based on petroleum refining, chemical industry, chemical fiber and fertilizer. In recent years, the quantity demand of petroleum and petrochemical production for groundwater in Daqing Oilfield is growing, and it’s of great significance to analyze and study the quality and pollution degree of groundwater for groundwater exploitation, utilization and protection. In this paper, groundwater quality of Daqing Oilfield evaluated by Nemerow Index is poor, and most points are Class IV groundwater; When evaluating groundwater pollution by hierarchical ladder method, the results show that the severe and extremely severe pollution points account for 34.48% in shallow phreatic water and 20% in deep confined water, showing that shallow groundwater is more seriously polluted than the deep. The main components influencing the quality of groundwater in the study area are total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl-, SO42- and so on, which are affected by both the native environment and human activities; The main pollution components in groundwater are nitrite and nitrate nitrogen which are affected by human activities. Daqing Oilfield groundwater pollution is characterized by inorganic pollution, while organic components related to human activities contribute less to the groundwater pollution currently.     

A comparative evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in two intensively cultivated districts of Punjab, India

Punjab is the most cultivated state in India with the highest consumption of fertilizers. Patiala and Muktsar districts are two agricultural dominated districts of Punjab located in extreme south-east and south-west of the state. This paper highlights temporal variations of the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose in these two districts. Water samples were collected in March and September 2003, representing the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Water samples were analysed for almost all major cations, anions, dissolved heavy metals and turbidity. Parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, % sodium, residual sodium carbonate, total hardness, potential salinity, Kelley’s ratio, magnesium ratio, index of base exchange and permeability index were calculated on the basis of chemical data. A questionnaire was also used to investigate perception of villagers on taste and odour. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents with WHO (world health organization) drinking water standards of 2004 and various classifications show that present status of groundwater in Patiala is better for irrigation and drinking purposes except for a few locations with a caution that it may deteriorate in near future. In Muktsar, groundwater is not suitable for drinking. Higher total hardness (TH) and total dissolved solids at numerous places indicate the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Results obtained in this forms baseline data for the utility of groundwater. In terms of monsoon impact, Patiala groundwater shows dilution and flushing but Muktsar samples show excessive leaching of different chemical components into the groundwater leading to the enrichment of different anions and cations indicating pollution from extraneous sources. No clear correlation between the quality parameters studied here and perceived quality in terms of satisfactory taste response were obtained at electrical conductivity values higher than the threshold minimum acceptable value.     

石家庄市地下水盐污染评价——双权均值法

石家庄市地下水盐污染是区域地下水环境质量恶化的突出表现,其研究具有典型示范性。筛选确定盐污染因子（地下水硬度、总固溶物、Cl＾－、SO4＾2－、NO3＾－）,采用综合污染指数计算－－双权均值法进行地下水综合盐污染评价,方法简捷,是一种新的尝试。     

山西省阳泉经济技术开发区南区浅层地下水质量分布特征与污染评价

研究浅层地下水的质量分布特征与污染评价对地下水资源的科学管理与保护具有重要意义。本文以山西阳泉经济技术开发区南区为例,采用单指标评价方法与综合评价方法对地下水化学组成进行分析,利用GIS技术进行质量分布分析,运用污染指数法对地下水污染进行评价,对11口新建井的91个地下水污染指标进行分析。单指标评价法与综合指标评价法的研究结果显示,YQ03和YQ11监测井为Ⅲ类水;样品YQ01和YQ09监测井为Ⅳ类水;样品YQ02、YQ04、YQ05、YQ06和YQ10监测井为Ⅴ类水。污染指数法对地下水污染的评价结果表明,YQ02、YQ04、YQ05、YQ06、YQ09和YQ10点位发生的污染主要为总硬度、溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、铁、锰、铝、耗氧量、钠、氟化物、钡等11个指标。     

地下水水质监测与评价

地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。