中心对称矿物中CU2+六配位的晶场势能和微扰矩阵元计算

对于离子型或以离子键为主的晶体，其光学和磁学性质可用晶体场理论解释。通过晶场微扰矩阵元的计算，可定量地确定晶场光谱谱带位置。以往资料无矩阵元的计算过程，只是给出了部分积分结果，这不利于在任何对称情况下晶场微扰矩阵元的计算。推导了中心对称矿物的晶场势能算符，计算了积分值，得出了矩阵元以系数Aλx,r^2和r^4的表达式。并以绿松石的结构数据为基础，计算了Cu^2＋的晶场微扰矩阵元表达式中的系数Aλx,从而计算了各矩阵元，通过对称矩阵的对角化，最终求得绿松石中Cu^2＋d轨道能量和晶体场谱带位置计算值。与实验资料对比，符合较好。因此，用晶体场理论和实验资料相结合可定量地阐明具离子键晶体的呈色机制。     

基于双精度与四精度的重力场解算精度分析

基于动力学方法比较分析了双精度与四精度模式下重力场模型的解算精度,主要包括缔合勒让德函数计算、数值积分器及重力场反演结果。结果显示,在勒让德函数计算方面,部分角度在双精度模式下计算至1 900阶以后会出现溢出问题,而在四精度模式下任何角度都满足精度要求,并且计算结果比双精度模式高8个量级。数值积分器Adams预测校正法积分1 d的位置和速度误差,在四精度模式下比在双精度模式下高4个量级。在精密轨道反演重力场计算方面,动力学方法在双精度及四精度模式下反演结果一致,统计其计算至60阶的累计大地水准面误差为1.29×10~(-5 )m,这是因为动力学方法的线性误差相对计算误差而言是主要误差;非线性动力学方法在四精度模式下比在双精度模式下高7个量级,其大地水准面误差分别为8.92×10~(-15) m和8.16×10~(-8) m。     

铅垂断层向错引起的地表重力变化

利用直立长方体组合模型以及坐标旋转理论,对铅垂断层向错引起的重力变化进行数值模拟,分别计算深度为1、5、10 km的铅垂断层在单一方向上、两个方向上向错引起的地面重力变化。结果表明,当断层在单一方向产生向错时,以左端点为基点的W1、W2向错引起的地面重力变化场均呈现以断层为轴线的对称分布|以中点为基点的W3向错引起的地面重力变化场构成四象限反对称分布。当断层在两个方向上同时产生向错时,以左端点为基点的W1W2向错引起的地面重力变化场呈现以断层为轴线的对称分布,整体显示W2向错起主导作用|以中点为基点的W2W3向错引起的地面重力变化场呈现非对称分布,整体也显示出W2向错起主导作用,断层附近的扭错现象为W3向错的作用。随着断层深度的增加,断层向错引起的地面重力变化值递减,但影响范围逐渐扩大。     

M-P分布时降水返回信号估算雨滴谱参数方法

为了能通过简单计算得到雨滴谱参数,在假设雨滴谱分布满足M-P函数的情况下,对降水返回信号估算雨滴谱参数方法进行了研究。通过雷达气象方程、雨滴下降末速度与雨滴直径的关系,得到雷达降水返回信号与雨滴谱参数之间的关系,构成方程组。采用解方程的方法,得到降水返回信号估算雨滴谱参数的解析式。用正演方法建立检验数据库,将估算值与设定值进行误差分析,截距参数的平均相对误差的平均值为0.55%,斜率参数的平均相对误差的平均值为0.84%。研究结果表明,当雨滴谱分布服从M-P函数时,降水返回信号估算雨滴谱参数方法可行。     

条件非线性最优扰动在南海台风中的应用研究

为了提高南海台风的数值预报,利用条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)方法寻找对南海台风预报影响最大的区域(敏感区),并对该区域中会导致较大预报误差的初始扰动场进行了详细地分析.对两个南海台风个例地研究发现,CNOP的风场和温度场结构在各σ层上不完全一致.计算了CNOP各σ层上的干能量,并在垂直方向上做了积分,将积分后的能量大值区确定为敏感区.进一步对敏感区内温度场的垂直剖面进行分析,发现敏感区内,温度场呈现一定的斜压结构.研究还发现,敏感区与台风的对流活动区域不完全重合,这有利于台风适应性观测地实施.     

鲜水河断裂带地震活动性的沃尔什序谱分析及其应用

将沃尔什（Ｗａｌｓｈ）函数引进地震活动性分析，提出了地震活动性分析的沃尔什序谱分析方法，并以鲜水河断裂带为例，对该带进行了序谱分析。用１９１１年１月１日至１９７４年１２月３１日共６４年、ＭＳ≥４３４地震资料，分离出了６４个平均复发周期，再借助极值理论，计算了地震平均复发周期相应的震级，据此讨论了鲜水河断裂带近期的强震危险性，并从方法论角度对序谱分析方法作了评价     

ITRF2000无净旋转对中国大陆地壳形变的影响

通过计算全球14个1级板块的总角动量以及ITRF2000速度场相对NNR-NUVELIA的旋转分量，研究了ITRF2000的无净旋转(也称无整体旋转)符合特性。结果表明．虽然ITRF2000的速度场通过50个核心站归算到NNR-NUVELlA上．然而在研究中国大陆区域地壳形变时，它们之间的差异仍是不可忽视的，其差异性表现为：ITRF2000的速度场相对于NNR-NUVELIA模型的速度场表现为顺时针旋转．前者速度模量大于后者；两个速度场的差异量表现为东部大于西部，E-W向差异量最大值达到5mm／a以上，N-S向差异量接近4mm／a。提出了2种消除这两个速度场之间系统差异的方法。     

昆仑山8.1级地震前中国大陆的构造应变背景

利用“网络工程”1998～2001年累积的1181个测站的GPS重复观测资料，采用双三次样条函数模型建立中国大陆水平运动模型速度场，用大地坐标在椭球面上计算各类应变场，详细分析了2001年昆仑山8．1级地震前中国大陆水平构造应变场空间分布特征。各类构造应变场的最高值都出现在喜马拉雅构造带与昆仑山地块内(地震断裂带南侧)，鲜水河—安宁河断裂带次之。分析表明，昆仑山8．1级地震正好发生在张性面膨胀应变率的高值区，第一、第二和最大剪应变率高值区边缘的突变区和最大、最小主应变率的高值区。     

麻城1932年6．0级地震区地球物理场与深部环境研究

研究了麻城地区重、磁异常场特征，经反演计算获得了深部结构特征。对重力布格异常利用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ快速位场反演方法计算出莫霍面的展布，对航磁异常利用对数功率谱法和矩谱法计算出居里面深度。在此基础上，探讨该震区深部蕴震条件。主要结论是：①麻城－团凤断裂带为该区切割较深的主要控震构造；②１９３２年麻城６．０级地震发生在区域重力异常等值线梯度最大处，磁力异常区两局部正异常间的低值带，莫霍面及居里面隆起区边缘；③发震部位有其特定的深部蕴震构造及应力蕴震条件。     

湖北地区现今GPS形变特征研究

选取中国地壳运动监测网络1998～2018年GPS观测数据,基于插值法计算湖北地区的形变和应变特征。初步研究结果表明,湖北地区地块运动稳定,无明显的形变梯度带,水平运动方向为东向微偏南,速率为5～9 mm/a,平均值为6.2 mm/a;垂直速度场平均值为-0.96 mm/a,以下降运动为主。面膨胀率结果显示,湖北地区具有4个面膨胀高值区和4个面挤压高值区。最大剪应变率场显示,在湖北中部地区形成一个高值环形带,湖北历史地震主要发生在应力应变高值区边缘带。巴东和秭归小震频发与长江三峡水库水位反复加卸载有关,GPS形变和应变无明显对应特征。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。