RTK技术在地下管线测量工程中的应用

实时动态(RTK)定位技术是以载波相位观测值为解算依据的目前较为流行的测量观测技术,它是GPS测量技术发展的一个新突破。本文结合福建省福州市地下管线测绘项目,介绍了GPS(RTK)测量方法的基础知识、原理、适用范围及其无与伦比的优势,重点介绍了利用网络RTK技术测量控制点的新方法,对比传统作业方法,验证了RTK技术的高效性和可行性。     

GPS RTK技术在地籍测量中的应用

介绍了GPS测量技术中的载波相位实时动态测量(RTK)技术的基本原理、精度以及操作过程中的关键问题，探讨了RTK技术在地籍测绘中的应用，分析了地籍测量中的精度，得出了一些有益的结论。     

RTK技术在矿区地形图测绘中的应用

RTK—实时动态GPS测量技术,能够实时地提供测站点在指定坐标系中的三维定位成果,并达到厘米级精度,在测量中缩短了外业观测时间,提高了外业生产效率。本文介绍了RTK技术在矿区地形图测量中应用的情况,得出了一些有益的结论。     

地形图测绘中RTK技术的应用

RTK（Real Time Kinematics）技术即实时载波相位差分技术，是实时处理两个测点载波相位观测量的差分方法，是一种高效的定位技术。载波相位差分方法分两类：一类是修正法，即将基准点的载波相位修正值直接发给流动站，改正流动站接收到的载波相位，然后求解流动站的实时坐标，该方法初始化速度慢，定位精度稍差，称准RTK技术；第二类是差分法，即求解起始相位整周模糊度，又称RTK初始化，然后再进行实时差分，是真正的RTK技术。差分法要求基准站GPS接受机实时地把观测数据及已知数据传输给流动站GPS接受机，流动站快速求解整周模糊度，在观测到5颗或以上卫星后，可实时求解出厘米级的流动站位置。由此可见，GPS RTK测量除应具备GPS信号接收系统外，还依赖两项关键技术：数据传输和数据实时处理技术。     

GPS RTK技术在地形图测量中的应用

GPS RTK技术是基于载波相位观测值的实时动态定位技术,它由GPS接收设备、数据传输系统和内嵌软件构成,是一种新的GPS定位测量方式。GPS RTK技术改变了传统的测量模式,能够实时完成,且没有累积误差,其操作简便,定位速度快,测量精度高,且需要测量人员较少、综合效益高等特点在地形测量中得到广泛的应用。     

GPS—RTK技术在地籍测量中的应用

结合平度市地籍测量,简单介绍GPS—RTK技术的的测量方法,对GPS—RTK技术的可靠性、稳定性及定位精度进行分析,认为只要采取合适的观测方法,GPS—RTK技术完全可以应用于地籍测量。     

浅析GPS实时动态测量

一、概述 实时动态RTK定位技术是GPS测量技术与数据处理技术、数据传输技术相结合的产物，是GPS测量技术发展中的一个新的突破。在RTK测量技术出现之前，GPS相对定位的作业模式有静态定位作业模式、快速静态定位模式、准动态定位模式和动态定位模式，其测点坐标需通过测后处理，即必须将观测数据传输到计算机解算才能获得。无法实时获取定位结果，而且也无法对观测数据的质量进行实时检核，因而出现在数据后处理中发现观测成果不合格进行重测的情况。对此采取的措施主要是延长观测时间，获取冗余观测数据，以保障测量结果的可靠件，由此降低了GPS测量的工作效率。     

单基站RTK在山区城际铁路测量中的应用实践

GPS RTK(实时动态相对定位)是一项以载波相位观测为基础的GPS实时差分测量技术。RTK技术在相对平坦地区铁路工程测量中的应用已经得到了实践检验,优势明显。在山区铁路测量中,GPS接收信号、主副站通信信号都由于地形限制产生了一定影响。测量实践中以南方测绘S82型RTK仪器应用为例,阐述单基站RTK在山区铁路工程测量方法,并对成果精度进行检测。     

山区村落单基站RTK测量的可靠性检测和成果精度评估

GPS RTK(实时动态相对定位)是一项以载波相位观测为基础的GPS实时差分测量技术。在山区作业环境下,对于单基站RTK,容易造成仪器初始化时间较长,有时出现失锁的现象。其主要问题产生的原因是整个GPS系统的局限性和RTK传输数据链本身可靠性。本文以南方测绘S82型RTK仪器应用为例,在甘肃省南部山区村庄大比例尺数字测图中,对单基站RTK测量可靠性的检验和成果实测精度的评价进行讨论。     

GPS RTK技术在城市测量中的应用

高精度的GPS测量必须采用载波相位观测值，RTK定位技术就是基于载波相位观测值的实时动态定位技术，它能够实时地提供测站点在指定坐标系中的三维定位结果，并达到厘米级精度。相对传统GPS静态、快速静态定位，需要较长时间观测并事后进行数据处理，其测量定位效率大大提高，并能够满足一般城市测量的要求。利用GPS TRK技术可进行低等级控制点加密、工程放样、碎部点采集等测量任务。以下就本院使用Trimble 5700 1＋2双频GPS RTK接收系统在商丘城市测量中的应用情况作些介绍。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.